{"id":11391,"date":"2023-01-06T20:40:39","date_gmt":"2020-03-26T17:40:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.shehuifa.com\/note\/?p=1115"},"modified":"2025-11-13T13:56:23","modified_gmt":"2025-11-13T05:56:23","slug":"%e4%bb%8e%e5%93%a5%e5%a4%a7%e7%a0%94%e7%a9%b6%e7%94%9f%e7%bd%a2%e5%b7%a5%e7%9c%8b%e7%be%8e%e5%9b%bd%e9%ab%98%e6%a0%a1%e5%8a%b3%e5%b7%a5%e8%bf%90%e5%8a%a8%e7%9a%84%e6%9c%aa%e6%9d%a5","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/start.shehuifa.com\/?p=11391","title":{"rendered":"\u4ece\u54e5\u5927\u7814\u7a76\u751f\u7f62\u5de5\u770b\u7f8e\u56fd\u9ad8\u6821\u52b3\u5de5\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u672a\u6765"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\uff08\u6765\u6e90\uff1a<a href=\"https:\/\/new.qq.com\/omn\/20180505\/20180505G13G63.html?pc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u817e\u8baf<\/a>\uff09<\/p>\n<p class=\"one-p\">\u3000\u3000\u5982\u679c\u80fd\u5728\u9876\u5c16\u7cbe\u82f1\u9ad8\u6821\u4e2d\u5524\u8d77\u4e00\u79cd\u57fa\u4e8e\u5de5\u4eba\u9636\u7ea7\u7684\u9636\u7ea7\u56e2\u7ed3\uff0c\u610f\u4e49\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u5927\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5f81\u670d\u4e86\u6700\u4e0d\u5bb9\u6613\u88ab\u5524\u8d77\u9636\u7ea7\u56e2\u7ed3\u611f\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"one-p\">\u3000\u30004\u670824\u65e5\u65e9\u6668\uff0c\u54e5\u4f26\u6bd4\u4e9a\u5927\u5b66\u6d1b\u592b\u56fe\u4e66\u9986(Low Library)\u95e8\u524d\u4e00\u7247\u55a7\u56a3\u3002\u80f8\u524d\u6302\u7740\u7f8e\u56fd\u6c7d\u8f66\u5de5\u4eba\u8054\u5408\u4f1a\uff08UAW, United Automobile Workers)\u201c\u7f62\u5de5\u201d\u6807\u8bc6\u7684\u5b66\u751f\u4eec\u9010\u4e00\u62b5\u8fbe\u54e5\u4f26\u6bd4\u4e9a\u5927\u5b66\u8fd9\u4e00\u5730\u6807\u5efa\u7b51\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u9ad8\u558a\u7740\u53e3\u53f7\uff0c\u5438\u5f15\u4e86\u4e0d\u5c11\u6765\u5f80\u5b66\u751f\u548c\u6559\u804c\u5458\u5de5\u7684\u76ee\u5149\u3002\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u95e8\u53e3\u7684\u5e7f\u573a\u5927\u7ea6\u805a\u96c6\u4e86\u51e0\u767e\u540d\u524d\u6765\u793a\u5a01\u7684\u5b66\u751f\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u624b\u4e2d\u9ad8\u4e3e\u7740\u5404\u5f0f\u5404\u6837\u7684\u793a\u5a01\u6807\u8bed\u2014\u2014\u201c\u4e0d\u8981\u4e0a\u8bfe\uff0c\u8981\u9636\u7ea7\u6597\u4e89(No Class but Class War)\u201d\u3001\u201c\u4e0d\u662f\u5de5\u4eba\uff0c\u6211\u5982\u4f55\u7f62\u5de5\uff08If I\u2019m not a worker then how can I be striking\uff09\u201d\u7b49\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"one-p\">\u3000\u3000\u8fd9\u662f\u54e5\u4f26\u6bd4\u4e9a\u5927\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u751f\u5de5\u4f1a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7f62\u5de5\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u5929\uff0c\u53c2\u4e0e\u7f62\u5de5\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u751f\u4eec\u90fd\u5728\u5b66\u6821\u62c5\u4efb\u52a9\u7814\u52a9\u6559\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u54e5\u5927\u7814\u7a76\u751f\u5de5\u4f1a\u5728\u53bb\u5e74\u6210\u7acb\uff0c\u5e76\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u52b3\u52a8\u4ef2\u88c1\u673a\u6784\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u5bb6\u52b3\u5de5\u5173\u7cfb\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\uff08National Labor Relations Board, NLRB\uff09\u7684\u5b98\u65b9\u8ba4\u8bc1\u3002\u7136\u800c\u54e5\u4f26\u6bd4\u4e9a\u5927\u5b66\u4e00\u76f4\u62d2\u7edd\u627f\u8ba4\u5de5\u4f1a\u7684\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u6821\u65b9\u628a\u5de5\u4f1a\u544a\u4e0a\u4e86\u8054\u90a6\u4e0a\u8bc9\u6cd5\u5ead\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u4e0d\u88ab\u5b66\u6821\u627f\u8ba4\uff0c\u5de5\u4f1a\u4e00\u76f4\u65e0\u6cd5\u548c\u5b66\u6821\u7b7e\u8ba2\u7edf\u4e00\u52b3\u5de5\u5408\u540c\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u7206\u53d1\u4e86\u6b64\u6b21\u7f62\u5de5\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"one-p\">\u3000\u3000\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\uff0c\u65b0\u4e00\u4ee3\u52b3\u5de5\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u6d3b\u52a8\u5bb6\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7\u5de5\u4f1a\u7b49\u6e20\u9053\u53d1\u51fa\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u58f0\u97f3\uff0c\u5ef6\u7eed\u7740\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u5173\u4e8e\u9636\u7ea7\u6597\u4e89\u3001\u53cd\u52b3\u5de5\u5265\u524a\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u7406\u60f3\u3002\u800c\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u9ad8\u6821\u91cc\uff0c\u5b83\u6b63\u4ee5\u4e00\u79cd\u5168\u65b0\u7684\u5f62\u6001\u51fa\u73b0\uff1a\u4e5f\u8bb8\u66f4\u6e29\u548c\uff0c\u4f46\u5374\u66f4\u4ee4\u4eba\u671f\u5f85\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"one-p\">\u3000\u3000\u201c\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u4f1a\u56de\u6765\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"one-p\">\u3000\u3000\u201c\u6211\u8eab\u8fb9\u7684\u540c\u5b66\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6211\u81ea\u5df1\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u6709\u7684\u7684\u786e\u662f\u6709\u975e\u5e38\u5927\u7684\u8bfe\u4e1a\u3001\u6388\u8bfe\u53cc\u91cd\u538b\u529b\uff0c\u201d\u53c2\u52a0\u793a\u5a01\u7684\u54e5\u5927\u7814\u7a76\u751f\u674e\u4e00\u5e06\u5bf9\u754c\u9762\u65b0\u95fb\u8bf4\uff0c\u201c\u6211\u89c9\u5f97\u8fd9\u624d\u662f\u4e0d\u516c\u5e73\u7684\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e5f\u662f\u51fa\u529b\u62ff\u5de5\u8d44\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u4eba\uff0c\u4f46\u5374\u6ca1\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u5f85\u9047\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"one-p\">\u3000\u3000\u674e\u4e00\u5e06\u6765\u81ea\u5e7f\u5dde\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u5728\u54e5\u5927\u5c31\u8bfb\u54f2\u5b66\u7cfb\u7855\u58eb\u5b66\u4f4d\uff0c\u54e5\u5927\u7684\u5de5\u4f1a\u9662\u7cfb\u4ee3\u8868\u79ef\u6781\u5730\u5e2e\u52a9\u4ed6\u53c2\u4e0e\u5230\u5de5\u4f1a\u6d3b\u52a8\u4e2d\u6765\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"one-p\">\u3000\u3000\u201c\u6211\u4eec\u7cfb\u7684\u5de5\u4f1a\u8054\u7cfb\u4eba\u975e\u5e38\u6d3b\u8dc3\uff0c\u4ed6\u4f1a\u4e3b\u52a8\u6765\u627e\u7cfb\u91cc\u9762\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\uff0c\u544a\u8bc9\u4f60\u6700\u8fd1\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u201d\u674e\u4e00\u5e06\u8bf4\uff0c\u201c\u867d\u7136\u6211\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u61c2\u592a\u591a\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6211\u8fd8\u662f\u53d7\u5230\u4e86\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u9f13\u821e\uff0c\u77e5\u9053\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u4e1c\u897f\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"one-p\">\u3000\u3000\u54e5\u4f26\u6bd4\u4e9a\u5927\u5b66\u5de5\u4f1a\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u548c\u52a8\u5458\u80fd\u529b\u5728\u5168\u7f8e\u6570\u4e00\u6570\u4e8c\u30022016\u5e74\u6210\u7acb\u5de5\u4f1a\u7684\u6295\u7968\u4e2d\uff0c\u54e5\u5927\u7814\u7a76\u751f\u96c7\u5458\u4ee51602\u7968\u6bd4623\u7968\u7684\u538b\u5012\u6027\u591a\u6570\u901a\u8fc7\u5de5\u4f1a\u6210\u7acb\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u6b21\u7f62\u5de5\u4e5f\u4ee5\u60ca\u4eba\u76841832\u7968\u6bd4136\u7968\u5f97\u5230\u6279\u51c6\u3002\u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u6b63\u548c\u6821\u65b9\u6b63\u8fdb\u884c\u7740\u6f2b\u957f\u7684\u8c08\u5224\u62c9\u952f\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"one-p\">\u3000\u3000\u5728\u516c\u5e03\u7f62\u5de5\u7684\u6d88\u606f\u540e\uff0c\u54e5\u4f26\u6bd4\u4e9a\u5927\u5b66\u6821\u65b9\u7ed9\u5168\u4f53\u5b66\u751f\u53d1\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u5c01\u90ae\u4ef6\u3002\u5b66\u6821\u547c\u5401\u5b66\u751f\u7b49\u5f85\u6cd5\u9662\u51b3\u5b9a\uff0c\u4e0d\u652f\u6301\u7f62\u5de5\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fdb\u884c\u8c08\u5224\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u627f\u8ba4\u7814\u7a76\u751f\u662f\u96c7\u5458\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"one-p\">\u3000\u3000\u90ae\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u54e5\u4f26\u6bd4\u4e9a\u5927\u5b66\u6559\u52a1\u957fJohn H. Coatsworth\u5199\u9053\uff0c\u7531\u4e8eNLRB\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u5c42\u6d41\u52a8\u6027\u5927\u3001\u5e38\u5e38\u63a8\u7ffb\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\uff0c\u6821\u65b9\u8ba4\u4e3a\u539f\u5148\u5bf9\u7814\u7a76\u751f\u5de5\u4f1a\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc1\u7ed3\u679c\u5e76\u4e0d\u53ef\u9760\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5b66\u6821\u5e0c\u671b\u5f97\u5230\u8054\u90a6\u6cd5\u9662\u7684\u6700\u7ec8\u5224\u51b3\uff0c\u5728\u6b64\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5b66\u6821\u4e0d\u4f1a\u627f\u8ba4\u5de5\u4f1a\u7684\u5408\u6cd5\u5730\u4f4d\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"one-p\">\u3000\u3000\u201c\u6211\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u548c\u6821\u65b9\u5728\u6cd5\u5ead\u4e0a\u4e89\u4e86\u4e24\u5e74\u591a\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u6700\u540e\u7684\u624b\u6bb5\u4e86\uff0c\u201d\u6765\u81ea\u5370\u5ea6\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u751f\u5854\u5c3c\u5a05\u00b7\u5df4\u5854\u67e5\u96c5(Tania Bhartacharyya)\u5bf9\u754c\u9762\u65b0\u95fb\u8bf4\uff0c\u201c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u7406\u7531\u662f\u8bf4\u6211\u4eec\u662f\u5b66\u751f\u3001\u4e0d\u662f\u96c7\u5458\u3002NLRB\u5df2\u7ecf\u63a8\u7ffb\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bf4\u6cd5\u4e86\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u6570\u6821\u5185\u3001\u4e43\u81f3\u5168\u56fd\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u751f\u96c7\u5458\u4e5f\u90fd\u4e0d\u540c\u610f\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"one-p\">\u3000\u3000\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u5de5\u4f1a\u6210\u7acb\u521d\u671f\uff0c\u6821\u65b9\u5c31\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u4e86\u5bf9\u6210\u7acb\u5de5\u4f1a\u7684\u4e0d\u8d5e\u6210\u6001\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"one-p\">\u3000\u3000\u201c\u6211\u4eec\u51b3\u5b9a\u8981\u6210\u7acb\u5de5\u4f1a\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\uff08\u5927\u5b66\uff09\u4e5f\u53d1\u90ae\u4ef6\u516c\u5f00\u53cd\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002\u5728\u4ed6\u4eec\u5b98\u7f51\u4e0a\u9762\u6709\u5173\u4e8e\u5de5\u4f1a\u6210\u7acb\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u4ecb\u7ecd\uff0c\u770b\u4f3c\u4e2d\u7acb\u4e0d\u504f\u4e0d\u501a\uff0c\u4f46\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u90fd\u662f\u5173\u4e8e\u5de5\u4f1a\u7684\u8d1f\u9762\u62a5\u9053\u3002\u201d\u674e\u4e00\u5e06\u8bf4\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"one-p\">\u3000\u3000\u7f62\u5de5\u6301\u7eed\u4e86\u4e00\u5468\u30024\u670830\u65e5\uff0c\u53c2\u4e0e\u793a\u5a01\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u751f\u4eec\u51c6\u65f6\u7ed3\u675f\u4e86\u7f62\u5de5\u3002\u6b64\u65f6\uff0c\u5b66\u6821\u4ecd\u672a\u6b63\u9762\u56de\u5e94\u5de5\u4f1a\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"one-p\">\u3000\u3000\u201c\u5982\u679c\u5b66\u6821\u7ee7\u7eed\u4e0d\u7406\u776c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u4f1a\u56de\u6765\uff0c\u201d\u5df4\u5854\u67e5\u96c5\u8bf4\uff0c\u201c\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u4f1a\u8d70\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6e20\u9053\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u662f\u4f1a\u7ee7\u7eed\u7f62\u5de5\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u4f1a\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u5f3a\u5927\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u6821\u65b9\u65e0\u6cd5\u62b5\u6321\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"one-p\">\u3000\u3000\u674e\u4e00\u5e06\u4e5f\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u201c\uff08\u5de5\u4f1a\uff09\u80af\u5b9a\u4f1a\u91c7\u53d6\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b65\u884c\u52a8\u3002\u4e00\u79cd\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u4e0b\u5b66\u671f\u5f00\u59cb\u8fdb\u884c\u53e6\u4e00\u6b21\u7f62\u5de5\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u8bf4\u66f4\u52a0\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u6297\u8bae\u884c\u52a8\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u4e5f\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u5a92\u4f53\u66dd\u5149\u7387\uff0c\u5728\u5404\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u5927\u5bb6\u652f\u6301\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"one-p\">\u3000\u3000\u201c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5b66\u751f\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u5f88\u6709\u7126\u8651\u611f\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"one-p\">\u3000\u3000\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u8eab\u5728\u54c8\u4f5b\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u5f20\u8dc3\u7136\u7ec8\u4e8e\u677e\u4e86\u4e00\u53e3\u6c14\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"one-p\">\u3000\u3000\u5f20\u8dc3\u7136\u76ee\u524d\u5728\u54c8\u4f5b\u5927\u5b66\u5c31\u8bfb\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u535a\u58eb\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u5b66\u6821\u7814\u7a76\u751f\u5de5\u4f1a\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8005\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u4ed6\u4ece2016\u5e749\u6708\u5f00\u59cb\u53c2\u4e0e\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5de5\u4f1a\u3001\u52a8\u5458\u540c\u5b66\uff0c\u7ec8\u4e8e\u5728\u4eca\u5e744\u670820\u65e5\u7684\u6295\u7968\u4e2d\uff0c\u6210\u529f\u4ee51931\u7968\u6bd41523\u7968\uff0856%\uff09\u7684\u591a\u6570\u4f18\u52bf\u6210\u7acb\u4e86\u5de5\u4f1a\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"one-p\">\u3000\u3000\u5728\u6295\u7968\u901a\u8fc7\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u4e00\u76f4\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5168\u6821\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u5de5\u4f1a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u524d\u671f\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u5185\u90e8\u6ca1\u6709\u7ea7\u522b\uff0c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8005\u4e00\u5f8b\u5e73\u7b49\u3002\u5f20\u8dc3\u7136\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5168\u6821\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u7684\u4e00\u5458\uff0c\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u4ed6\u8fd8\u8d1f\u8d23\u672c\u7cfb\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u7cfb\u548c\u56fd\u9645\u5b66\u751f\u3001\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u7559\u5b66\u751f\u7684\u52a8\u5458\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"one-p\">\u3000\u3000\u9664\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5de5\u4f1a\u5360\u636e\u4e86\u4ed6\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u4e1a\u4f59\u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u5728\u5f88\u957f\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u91cc\uff0c\u5f20\u8dc3\u7136\u90fd\u6ca1\u7761\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e2a\u597d\u89c9\u3002\u201c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5f88\u7126\u8651\u554a\uff0c\u201d\u4ed6\u5bf9\u754c\u9762\u65b0\u95fb\u8bf4\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"one-p\">\u3000\u3000\u5f20\u8dc3\u7136\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3001\u52a8\u5458\u6821\u56ed\u8fd0\u52a8\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u8fd0\u52a8\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u8ba9\u4eba\u5f88\u6709\u7126\u8651\u611f\u3002\u201c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u56f0\u96be\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u975e\u5e38\u53ef\u89c1\u7684\uff0c\u201d\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff0c\u201c\u4f60\u4eca\u5929\u662f\u8bf4\u670d\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u8fd8\u662f\u4e24\u4e2a\u4eba\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u8bf4\u670d\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u4eceyes\u53d8\u6210no\u4e86\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e8b\u60c5\u90fd\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u660e\u660e\u767d\u767d\u7684\u6446\u5728\u90a3\u513f\u7684\uff0c\u5f53\u7136\u8ba9\u4f60\u5f88\u7126\u8651\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"one-p\">\u3000\u3000\u4f46\u4ee4\u4eba\u6b23\u6170\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u54e5\u5927\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u54c8\u4f5b\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7814\u7a76\u751f\u5de5\u4f1a\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u6e29\u548c\u4e0d\u5c11\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"one-p\">\u3000\u3000\u5728\u5de5\u4f1a\u6210\u7acb\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u54c8\u4f5b\u5927\u5b66\u53d1\u8a00\u4ebaAnna G. Cowenhove\u53d1\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u5c01\u81f4\u8d3a\u90ae\u4ef6\uff0c\u79f0\u5b66\u6821\u201c\u6b23\u8d4f\u5b66\u751f\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e00\u91cd\u8981\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u79ef\u6781\u53c2\u4e0e\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"one-p\">\u3000\u3000\u5f20\u8dc3\u7136\u628a\u5b66\u6821\u7684\u6e29\u548c\u6001\u5ea6\u5f52\u7ed3\u4e8e2016\u5e7410\u6708\u7684\u98df\u5802\u5de5\u4eba\u7f62\u5de5\u4e09\u5468\u5bf9\u5b66\u6821\u9020\u6210\u7684\u51b2\u51fb\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u54c8\u4f5b\u5373\u5c06\u57287\u6708\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u6821\u957f\u6362\u5c4a\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"one-p\">\u3000\u3000\u201c\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u54c8\u4f5b\u62d2\u7edd\u548c\u5de5\u4f1a\u8c08\u5224\u662f\u8fdd\u6cd5\u7684\uff0c\u201d\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff0c\u201c\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u54c8\u4f5b\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u9009\u62e9\u8fdd\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u6821\u957f\u6362\u5c4a\u7684\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6863\u53e3\uff0c\u4f60\u9009\u62e9\u8fdd\u6cd5\u8fd9\u4e48\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u4e89\u8bae\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4e5f\u4e0d\u592a\u597d\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u54c8\u4f5b\u6821\u65b9\u5c31\u60f3\u5230\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u5b89\u5168\u3001\u7a33\u59a5\u7684\u8def\u7ebf\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u548c\u6211\u4eec\u8c08\u5224\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"one-p\">\u3000\u3000\u76ee\u524d\uff0c\u521d\u6210\u7acb\u7684\u54c8\u4f5b\u7814\u7a76\u751f\u5de5\u4f1a\u8fd8\u5728\u8fc7\u6e21\u671f\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u6b63\u7b79\u5907\u9009\u4e3e\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u7531\u5b66\u751f\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u96c6\u4f53\u8c08\u5224\u4ee3\u8868\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\uff0c\u548c\u6821\u65b9\u8c08\u5224\u7edf\u4e00\u52b3\u5de5\u5408\u540c\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u4e8b\u5b9c\u3002\u5728\u672a\u6765\uff0c\u5de5\u4f1a\u5c06\u80fd\u591f\u4ee3\u8868\u6240\u6709\u5728\u54c8\u4f5b\u6709\u52a9\u7814\u52a9\u6559\u804c\u4f4d\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u751f\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"one-p\">\u3000\u3000\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u5b9e\u8df5\uff1f<\/p>\n<p class=\"one-p\">\u3000\u3000\u867d\u7136\u54e5\u4f26\u6bd4\u4e9a\u5927\u5b66\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5b66\u6821\u548c\u7814\u7a76\u751f\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u5e94\u8be5\u6b62\u6b65\u4e8e\u5e08\u751f\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4f46\u5f20\u8dc3\u7136\u5e76\u4e0d\u8fd9\u4e48\u8ba4\u4e3a\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"one-p\">\u3000\u3000\u201c\u5982\u679c\u5b66\u751f\u662f\u4ed8\u51fa\u52b3\u52a8\uff0c\u83b7\u5f97\u85aa\u6c34\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u90a3\u5f53\u7136\u6700\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u52b3\u52a8\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u663e\u7136\u662f\u96c7\u5458\u548c\u96c7\u4e3b\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u201d\u4ed6\u8bf4\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"one-p\">\u3000\u3000\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u4e49\u7406\u8bba\u4e2d\u6700\u7ecf\u5178\u7684\u8bba\u8ff0\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u903b\u8f91\u4e2d\uff0c\u5de5\u4eba\u6216\u65e0\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u53d7\u96c7\u4e8e\u62e5\u6709\u751f\u4ea7\u8d44\u6599\u7684\u8d44\u672c\u5bb6\uff0c\u5e76\u88ab\u8d44\u672c\u5265\u524a\u548c\u538b\u8feb\u3002\u5de5\u4f1a\u5c31\u662f\u7ed9\u4e88\u5de5\u4eba\u529b\u91cf\u3001\u5e76\u56e2\u7ed3\u5de5\u4eba\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"one-p\">\u3000\u3000\u201c\u5de5\u4f1a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u521d\u8877\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u8ba9\u5de5\u4eba\u4eec\u4eab\u6709\u67d0\u79cd\u6743\u5229\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8ba9\u5de5\u4eba\u4eec\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6743\u529b\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\u7684\u52b3\u5de5\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\u83b7\u5f97\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u8c08\u5224\u529b\u91cf(Negotiating power)\u201d\uff0c\u674e\u4e00\u5e06\u8bf4\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"one-p\">\u3000\u3000\u201c\u5f20\u8dc3\u7136\u5bf9\u8fd9\u53e5\u8bdd\u8868\u793a\u8d5e\u540c\uff0c\u4ed6\u8bf4:\u201c\u5de5\u4f1a\u5c31\u662f\u5de5\u4eba\u4eec\u56e2\u7ed3\u8d77\u6765\u4e89\u53d6\u6743\u76ca\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u4e89\u53d6\u4ec0\u4e48\u6743\u76ca\u5f53\u7136\u662f\u6b21\u8981\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u5c31\u662f\u56e2\u7ed3\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u6709\u53e5\u8001\u8bdd\u53eb\u2019\u56e2\u7ed3\u5c31\u662f\u529b\u91cf\u2019\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4f60\u4eec\u56e2\u7ed3\u4e86\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u4f60\u4eec\u6709\u529b\u91cf\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"one-p\">\u3000\u3000\u867d\u7136\u90fd\u957f\u671f\u53c2\u4e0e\u5de5\u4f1a\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5f20\u8dc3\u7136\u548c\u674e\u4e00\u5e06\u5bf9\u4e8e\u80fd\u5426\u628a\u5de5\u4f1a\u770b\u4f5c\u4e00\u79cd\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u5b9e\u8df5\u770b\u6cd5\u4e0d\u4e00\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"one-p\">\u3000\u3000\u201c\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u4e49\u6d89\u53ca\u5f88\u591a\u79cd\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5173\u4e8e\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u8c08\u8bba\u4eba\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u54f2\u5b66\u6211\u662f\u7279\u522b\u540c\u60c5\u7684\uff0c\u201d\u674e\u4e00\u5e06\u8bf4\uff0c\u201c\u4ed6\u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u6fc0\u52b1\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u53bb\u53c2\u4e0e\u5de5\u4eba\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u7684\u786e\u4e5f\u6709\u6307\u5bfc\u5de5\u4eba\u8fd0\u52a8\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"one-p\">\u3000\u3000\u4f46\u5f20\u8dc3\u7136\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5de5\u4f1a\u53ea\u662f\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u4e49\u5b9e\u8df5\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u90fd\u672a\u5fc5\u548c\u7406\u8bba\u7ed3\u5408\u5f97\u591a\u4e48\u7d27\u5bc6\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"one-p\">\u3000\u3000\u201c\u5de5\u4f1a\u8fd0\u52a8\u8bf4\u548c\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u4e49\u6709\u5173\u4e5f\u6709\u5173\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8bf4\u5b83\u6ca1\u5173\u4e5f\u6ca1\u5173\u3002\u6709\u5173\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u52b3\u5de5\u8981\u56e2\u7ed3\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u52b3\u5de5\u6709\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u6574\u4e2a\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u4e49\u7406\u8bba\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u57fa\u672c\u3001\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u70b9\uff0c\u201d\u5f20\u8dc3\u7136\u8bf4\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"one-p\">\u3000\u3000\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u6700\u7ec8\u5e0c\u671b\u8fbe\u5230\u7684\u65e0\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u9769\u547d\uff0c\u5f20\u8dc3\u7136\u8ba4\u4e3a\u9ad8\u6821\u7684\u5de5\u4f1a\u8fd0\u52a8\u8fdc\u8fdc\u6ca1\u6709\u6fc0\u8fdb\u5230\u5982\u6b64\u5730\u6b65\uff0c\u4e5f\u548c\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u613f\u666f\u5e76\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5168\u76f8\u7b26\u3002\u201c\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u76ee\u524d\u8bed\u5883\u4e0b\uff0c\u5de5\u4f1a\u786e\u5b9e\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u9769\u547d\u6027\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u6539\u826f\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u201d\u4ed6\u8bf4\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"one-p\">\u3000\u3000\u5728\u5927\u5b66\u4e2d\u5b66\u4e60\u8fc7\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u4e49\u8bfe\u7a0b\u3001\u4e5f\u719f\u6089\u5b66\u751f\u5de6\u7ffc\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u5f20\u8dc3\u7136\u5fc3\u76ee\u4e2d\uff0c\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u4e49\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u50cf\u7f16\u7a0b\u4e00\u6837\u88ab\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd0\u7528\u5230\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\u3002\u5b83\u66f4\u50cf\u4e00\u79cd\u5851\u9020\u601d\u60f3\u89c2\u5ff5\u7684\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u529b\u91cf\u7684\u6307\u5bfc\u4e0b\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u6295\u8eab\u6821\u56ed\u653f\u6cbb\u3001\u5e73\u6743\u8fd0\u52a8\u7b49\u5b9e\u8df5\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"one-p\">\u3000\u3000\u590d\u5174\u7f8e\u56fd\u52b3\u5de5\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u8df3\u677f\uff1f<\/p>\n<p 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