{"id":11583,"date":"2023-08-15T08:13:37","date_gmt":"2023-08-15T00:13:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.shehuifa.com\/?p=11583"},"modified":"2025-11-13T13:55:29","modified_gmt":"2025-11-13T05:55:29","slug":"%e8%8d%86%e7%91%9e%ef%bc%9a%e4%bb%8e%e7%bd%97%e8%83%96%e5%88%b0%e5%8a%b3%e5%8a%a8%e6%b3%95-%e5%b8%a6%e4%bd%a0%e4%bd%93%e9%aa%8c%e4%b8%80%e5%a0%82%e7%9c%9f%e6%ad%a3%e7%9a%84%e6%a1%88%e4%be%8b","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/start.shehuifa.com\/?p=11583","title":{"rendered":"[\u8346\u745e]\uff1a\u4ece\u7f57\u80d6\u5230\u52b3\u52a8\u6cd5\u2014\u5e26\u4f60\u4f53\u9a8c\u4e00\u5802\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u6848\u4f8b\u6559\u5b66\u8bfe"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: right;\">\u4f5c\u8005\uff1a\u8346\u745e\uff0c\u5b89\u8fea\u66fc\u9ad8\u7ea7\u987e\u95ee\u300a\u5b66\u4e60\u9879\u76ee\u8bbe\u8ba1\u300b\u3001\u300a\u6848\u4f8b\u5f00\u53d1\u4e0e\u6559\u5b66\u8bbe\u8ba1\u300b\u3001\u300a\u5b8c\u7f8e\u6388\u8bfe\u300b\u8ba4\u8bc1\u8bb2\u5e08 \/<br 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decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-11584\" src=\"https:\/\/start.shehuifa.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/d50924f8d2aa4e0bb4824aa3ba5242eb.jpeg\" width=\"324\" height=\"318\" alt=\"\u81ea\u52a8\u8349\u7a3f\" title=\"\u81ea\u52a8\u8349\u7a3f\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u5730\u94c1\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ad9\u70b9\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u8fd9\u6761\u670b\u53cb\u5708\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u8bc4\u8bba\u5c31\u94fa\u6ee1\u4e86\u5c4f\u5e55\uff0c\u66f4\u751a\u6709\u5c0f\u4f19\u4f34\u4eec\u5728\u8bc4\u8bba\u533a\u7684\u4e00\u5531\u4e00\u548c\uff0c\u5404\u6292\u5df1\u89c1\u4e86\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u573a\u9762\u53ef\u8c13\u662f\u70ed\u95f9\u975e\u51e1Skr\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"ql-align-center\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-11585\" src=\"https:\/\/start.shehuifa.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/44faeee74e7a4a6397a25aef6330b049.jpeg\" width=\"324\" height=\"252\" alt=\"\u81ea\u52a8\u8349\u7a3f\" title=\"\u81ea\u52a8\u8349\u7a3f\" 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learning\uff09\u3002<\/strong>\u8fd9\u4e00\u7406\u8bba\u662f\u7531\u7f8e\u56fd\u52a0\u5229\u798f\u5c3c\u4e9a\u5927\u5b66\u4f2f\u514b\u5229\u5206\u6821\u7684\u8ba9\u00b7\u83b1\u592b\uff08Jean Lave\uff09\u6559\u6388\u548c\u7231\u4e01\u7eb3\u00b7\u6e29\u683c\uff08Etienne Wenger\uff09\u4e8e1990\u5e74\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u5b66\u4e60\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<strong>\u60c5\u5883\u5b66\u4e60\u7406\u8bba\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5b66\u4e60\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e2a\u4f53\u6027\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u5efa\u6784\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u800c\u66f4\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u7684\u3001\u5b9e\u8df5\u6027\u7684\u3001\u4ee5\u5dee\u5f02\u8d44\u6e90\u4e3a\u4e2d\u4ecb\u7684\u53c2\u4e0e\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u5b66\u4e60\u8005\u5bf9\u4e8e\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u83b7\u5f97\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u81ea\u6211\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u90fd\u662f\u5728\u5b66\u4e60\u8005\u672c\u8eab\u548c\u5b66\u4e60\u60c5\u5883\u7684\u4e92\u52a8\u3001\u5b66\u4e60\u8005\u4e0e\u5b66\u4e60\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4e92\u52a8\u8fc7\u7a0b\u751f\u6210\u7684\u3002<\/strong> 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<strong>\u6559\u6388\u9996\u5148\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6848\u4f8b\uff1a\u300a<\/strong> <strong>\u5192\u540d\u9876\u66ff\u4e0a\u73ed\u7b97\u4e0d\u7b97\u4f01\u4e1a\u804c\u5de5<\/strong> <strong>\u300b<\/strong> 2013\u5e74\u5e95\uff0c\u67d0\u73bb\u7483\u5382\u8d3a\u5c0f\u9f99\u56e0\u75c5\u8bf7\u5047\uff0c\u5176\u5144\u8d3a\u5927\u9f99\u5931\u4e1a\uff0c\u8d3a\u5c0f\u9f99\u60f3\u8ba9\u54e5\u54e5\u9876\u66ff\u81ea\u5df1\u4e0a\u73ed\uff0c\u5c31\u627e\u5230\u8f66\u95f4\u4e3b\u4efb\u5546\u91cf\uff0c\u8f66\u95f4\u4e3b\u4efb\u4e00\u53e3\u7b54\u5e94\u3002\u5927\u9f99\u611f\u5230\u5192\u540d\u9876\u66ff\u5fc3\u7406\u603b\u4e0d\u8e0f\u5b9e\uff0c\u66fe\u5411\u8f66\u95f4\u4e3b\u4efb\u63d0\u51fa\u7b7e\u5408\u540c\u4f46\u906d\u5230\u62d2\u7edd\uff0c\u5927\u9f99\u4ecd\u4ee5\u5f1f\u5f1f\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u5e72\u6d3b\uff0c\u62ff\u8ba1\u4ef6\u5de5\u8d44\u3002<\/p>\n<p>2015\u5e7410\u6708\uff0c\u8d3a\u5927\u9f99\u5728\u5207\u73bb\u7483\u65f6\u88ab\u4e00\u5757\u7206\u88c2\u7684\u73bb\u7483\u624e\u4f24\u53f3\u773c\u3002\u8f66\u95f4\u4e3b\u4efb\u9690\u7792\u4e0d\u62a5\u3002\u5927\u9f99\u773c\u775b\u4f24\u52bf\u4e25\u91cd\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u6458\u9664\u53f3\u773c\u7403\u3002\u8d3a\u5927\u9f99\u8981\u6c42\u73bb\u7483\u5382\u8d54\u507f\uff0c\u5382\u65b9\u63d0\u51fa\u672a\u4e0e\u5927\u9f99\u7b7e\u8ba2\u52b3\u52a8\u5408\u540c\uff0c\u5c5e\u4e8e\u5192\u540d\u9876\u66ff\uff0c\u8f66\u95f4\u4e3b\u4efb\u65e0\u6743\u96c7\u5de5\uff0c\u6545\u8d3a\u5927\u9f99\u4e0d\u5c5e\u4e8e\u5382\u65b9\u96c7\u7528\u7684\u4eba\u5458\u3002\u8d3a\u5927\u9f99\u79f0\uff0c\u4ed6\u6765\u5382\u5de5\u4f5c\u7ecf\u8fc7\u8f66\u95f4\u4e3b\u4efb\u540c\u610f\uff0c\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e00\u5e74\u591a\u5382\u65b9\u5e76\u672a\u63d0\u51fa\u5f02\u8bae\uff0c\u5e94\u5c5e\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8be5\u5382\u5de5\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u600e\u4e48\u6837\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6848\u4f8b\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u5c31\u50cf\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u5404\u79cd\u65b0\u95fb\u9891\u9053\u91cc\u7684\u62a5\u9053\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u8ba9\u4f60\u4e5f\u611f\u540c\u6df1\u53d7\uff0c\u60f3\u8981\u7acb\u523b\u8868\u53d1\u4e00\u756a\u8bc4\u8bba\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6b63\u5728\u5927\u5bb6\u90fd\u5b89\u5948\u4e0d\u4f4f\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c<strong>\u6559\u6388\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u5806\u7684\u601d\u8003\u9898\uff0c\u8ba9\u5927\u5bb6\u5206\u5c0f\u7ec4\u8ba8\u8bba\uff0c\u5e76\u6d3e\u4ee3\u8868\u5206\u4eab\u8ba8\u8bba\u7ed3\u679c\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>1.\u8d3a\u5c0f\u9f99\u751f\u75c5\u8bf7\u5047\u5176\u5de5\u4f5c\u80fd\u5426\u6709\u5176\u5144\u4ee3\u7406\u8fdb\u884c\uff1f<\/p>\n<p>2.\u8f66\u95f4\u4e3b\u4efb\u662f\u5426\u6709\u6743\u529b\u96c7\u5de5\uff1f\u96c7\u4f63\u884c\u4e3a\u662f\u5426\u6709\u6548\uff1f<\/p>\n<p>3.\u548c\u5927\u9f99\u9876\u66ff\u5176\u5f1f\u4e00\u5e74\u5355\u4f4d\u65e0\u5f02\u8bae\u662f\u5426\u63a8\u5b9a\u5df2\u9ed8\u8ba4\uff1f<\/p>\n<p>4.\u82e5\u8d3a\u5927\u9f99\u5077\u5077\u9876\u66ff\u5176\u5f1f\u662f\u5426\u5f62\u6210\u4e8b\u5b9e\u52b3\u52a8\u5173\u7cfb\uff1f<\/p>\n<p>5.\u5982\u4f55\u5224\u65ad\u8d3a\u5927\u9f99\u4e0e\u73bb\u7483\u5382\u6709\u65e0\u52b3\u52a8\u5173\u7cfb\uff1f<\/p>\n<p>6.\u82e5\u8d3a\u5c0f\u9f99\u79c1\u81ea\u8ba9\u5176\u5144\u9876\u5c97\u627f\u62c5\u4ec0\u4e48\u6cd5\u5f8b\u8d23\u4efb\uff1f<\/p>\n<p>7.\u5458\u5de5\u627e\u4eba\u9876\u5c97\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u53ef\u5426\u89c6\u4e3a\u88ab\u66ff\u8005\u65e0\u6548\u65f7\u5de5\uff1f<\/p>\n<p>8.\u53ef\u5426\u56e0\u4e3a\u8d3a\u5c0f\u9f99\u8ba9\u5176\u5144\u66ff\u5c97\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u89e3\u9664\u52b3\u52a8\u5408\u540c\uff1f<\/p>\n<p>9.\u5728\u9876\u5c97\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u53d1\u751f\u4f24\u4ea1\u7684\u80fd\u5426\u8ba4\u5b9a\u4e3a\u5de5\u4f24\uff08\u4ea1\uff09\uff1f<\/p>\n<p>10.\u8be5\u6848\u4e2d\u9020\u6210\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u7ea0\u7eb7\uff0c\u5404\u65b9\u6309\u591a\u5927\u6bd4\u4f8b\u627f\u62c5\uff1f<\/p>\n<p>\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u5728\u8bfe\u5802\u4e0a\u5c31\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u6bd4\u8346\u745e\u8001\u5e08\u670b\u53cb\u5708\u66f4\u52a0\u70ed\u95f9\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u9762\u7ea2\u8033\u8d64\u4e89\u8bba\u7684\u706b\u7206\u573a\u666f\u3002\u8fd9\u53ef\u662f\u5176\u5b83\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u95e8\u8bfe\u7a0b\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u5176\u5b83\u7684\u8bfe\u5802\u4e0a\uff0c\u5b66\u751f\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u8981\u4e48\u4ee5\u5d07\u62dc\u7684\u773c\u795e\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u4ee5\u660f\u660f\u6b32\u7761\u7684\u8868\u60c5\u770b\u7740\u6559\u6388\u53e3\u82e5\u60ac\u6cb3\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img 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