{"id":11648,"date":"2024-02-05T02:39:01","date_gmt":"2024-02-04T18:39:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.shehuifa.com\/?p=11648"},"modified":"2025-11-13T13:55:29","modified_gmt":"2025-11-13T05:55:29","slug":"%e7%bb%93%e6%9e%84%e6%9d%83%e5%8f%98%e7%90%86%e8%ae%bastructural-contingency-theory","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/start.shehuifa.com\/?p=11648","title":{"rendered":"\u7ed3\u6784\u6743\u53d8\u7406\u8bba(structural contingency theory)"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u6765\u6e90\uff1a\u77e5\u4e4e<\/a><\/p>\n

\u7ed3\u6784\u6743\u53d8\u7406\u8bba(structural contingency theory)\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u5047\u8bbe\u662f\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u6700\u4f18\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u9002\u7528\u6027\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5f53\u4e0b\u7684\u60c5\u666f\u56e0\u7d20 (Blau, 1970; Burns Stalker, 1961; Chandler, 1962; Child, 1973: Galbraith1973\uff1bRumelt,1974\uff1bThompson,1967\uff1bWoodward,1965)\u3002<\/b>\u8be5\u7406\u8bba\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u82e5\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u80fd\u5c06\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u4e0e\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5f53\u4e0b\u60c5\u5883\u9002\u914d\uff0c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5c06\u662f\u6709\u6548\u7684( Donaldson,2001)\u3002\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u7814\u7a76( Burns& Stalker,196l\uff1bWoodward,195\uff1bLawrence& Lorsch,1967)\u652f\u6301\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u540e\u671f\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u53d1\u5c55\u5e2e\u52a9\u89e3\u91ca\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7814\u7a76\u7ed3\u679c( Thompson,1967\uff1bGalbraith,1977)\u3002<\/p>\n

\u666e\u9002\u4e3b\u4e49\u7406\u8bba\u4e3b\u5f20\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u7ec4\u7ec7\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5373\u6700\u9ad8\u6c34\u5e73\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7ee9\u6548\u53ea\u80fd\u5728\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7ed3\u6784\u53d8\u91cf\u5982\u6b63\u5f0f\u5316\u3001\u4e13\u4e1a\u5316\u7684\u6700\u9ad8\u6c34\u5e73\u65f6\u83b7\u5f97( Taylor\uff0c,1947\uff1bBrech,1957)\u3002\u6743\u53d8\u7406\u8bba\u5728\u666e\u9002\u4e3b\u4e49\u7406\u8bba\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u62d3\u5c55(Tosi& Slocum,1984)\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u6210\u529f\u5e76\u4e0d\u610f\u5473\u7740\u91c7\u7528\u7ed3\u6784\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u6700\u9ad8\u6c34\u5e73\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u5176\u6240\u4f9d\u8d56\u7684\u60c5\u5883\u91c7\u7528\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u53d8\u91cf\u6c34\u5e73( Donaldson,2001)\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6743\u53d8\u7406\u8bba\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u4e4b\u4e00\u662f\u5339\u914d( Drazin&van de ven,1985)\u3002<\/b>\u5339\u914d\u7684\u66ff\u4ee3\u8bcd\u5305\u62ec\u534f\u8c03\u3001\u805a\u5408\u3001\u642d\u914d\u3001\u9075\u5faa\u3001\u4e00\u81f4\u6216\u9002\u5f53( Umanath,2003)\u3002\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e8e\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7279\u5f81\u4e0e\u5176\u6240\u5904\u60c5\u5883\u4e0d\u5339\u914d\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7279\u5f81(\u4f8b\u5982\u9700\u8981\u3001\u9700\u6c42\u3001\u76ee\u7684\u3001\u76ee\u6807\u548c\u7ed3\u6784)\u4e0e\u5176\u6240\u5904\u60c5\u5883\u76f8\u5339\u914d\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4f1a\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u7ee9\u6548( Nadler& Tushman,1980)\u3002\u5339\u914d\u7684\u8861\u91cf\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u53d8\u91cf\u95f4\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u5173\u8054\u6216\u65e0\u6761\u4ef6\u5173\u8054( Umanath,2003\uff1bVenkatraman,1989)<\/p>\n

Umanath(2003)\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5339\u914d\u7684\u4e09\u79cd\u5206\u7c7b\uff1a\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u3001\u6743\u53d8\u6027\u548c\u6574\u4f53\u6784\u578b\u3002<\/b>\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u662f\u6307\u76f4\u63a5\u5c06\u6240\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u5982\u4fe1\u606f\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u4e0e\u7ec4\u7ec7\u56e0\u7d20\u76f8\u5173\u8054\uff0c\u800c\u65e0\u987b\u8bc4\u4f30\u8be5\u53d8\u91cf\u4e0e\u7ec4\u7ec7\u56e0\u7d20\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u662f\u5426\u5f71\u54cd\u7ee9\u6548\u3002\u6743\u53d8\u6027\u8868\u793a\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cfx\u5bf9\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cfy\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cfz\u3002\u5f53z\u5904\u4e8e\u4f4e\u6c34\u5e73\u65f6\uff0cx\u5bf9y\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u4e0d\u540c\u4e8ez\u5728\u9ad8\u6c34\u5e73\u65f6x\u5bf9y\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u800c\u8a00\uff0cx\u5bf9y\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8ez\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u6839\u636e\u7684\u6c34\u5e73\u5177\u6709\u6743\u53d8\u6027\uff0c\u53d8\u91cfz\u8c03\u8282\u53d8\u91cfx\u4e0ey\u7684\u5173\u7cfb( Donaldson,2001)\u3002\u6574\u4f53\u6784\u578b\u662f\u6307\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5185\u90e8\u7279\u5f81\u95f4\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u6307\u53d7\u591a\u4e2a\u60c5\u5883\u56e0\u7d20\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u5171\u5b58\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f9d\u8d56\u6027(Cao\uff0c Wiengarten\uff0c& Humphreys,2011)\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5173\u4e8e\u5339\u914d\u5b58\u5728\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6982\u5ff5( Umanath,2003)\u3002\u4f20\u7edf\u65b9\u6cd5\u4fa7\u91cd\u4e8e\u5c06\u5339\u914d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e8c\u5143\u53d8\u91cf\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u60c5\u5883\u4e0e\u7ed3\u6784\u4e4b\u95f4\u5b58\u5728\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u5171\u53d8\u5173\u7cfb(Fry&Smith,1987)\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8e\u7cfb\u7edf\u8bba\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5219\u66f4\u5177\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u548c\u6574\u4f53\u6027\uff0c\u4fa7\u91cd\u4e8e\u591a\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u4e0e\u6743\u53d8\u56e0\u7d20\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5171\u540c\u4ea4\u4e92\u6027( Miller,1981)\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6743\u53d8\u7406\u8bba\u4e2d\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u60c5\u5883\u56e0\u7d20\uff1a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u89c4\u6a21\u548c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4efb\u52a1\u3002<\/b>\u89c4\u6a21\u901a\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u96c7\u5458\u7684\u603b\u4f53\u6570\u91cf\u8fdb\u884c\u8861\u91cf(Pugh\uff0c Hickson\uff0c Hining\uff0c& Turner,1969\uff1bPugh&Hinings,1976)\u3002\u4f4e\u6c34\u5e73\u7684\u5b98\u50da\u5316\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u89c4\u6a21\u8f83\u5c0f\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u800c\u9ad8\u6c34\u5e73\u7684\u5b98\u50da\u5316\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7(Chid,1975)\u3002\u5176\u4ed6\u60c5\u5883\u56e0\u7d20\u5305\u62ec\u4e13\u4e1a\u5316\u3001\u6b63\u5f0f\u5316\u3001\u5dee\u5f02\u5316\u548c\u5206\u6563\u5316( Donaldson,2001)\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u6743\u53d8\u6027\u5305\u62ec\u4e24\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\uff1a\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u4e0e\u76f8\u4e92\u4f9d\u8d56\u6027\u3002<\/b>\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u4efb\u52a1\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u7531\u4e8e\u4e0d\u65ad\u589e\u52a0\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u6216\u670d\u52a1\u521b\u65b0\u800c\u63d0\u9ad8\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u6b63\u5f0f\u5316\u6c34\u5e73\u4f1a\u4e0b\u964d\u800c\u51b3\u7b56\u5206\u6743\u5316\u7a0b\u5ea6\u5c06\u589e\u52a0( Donaldson,2001)\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u68c0\u9a8c\u4e86\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u4efb\u52a1\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u548c\u73af\u5883\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002Burns\u548c Stalker(1961)\u5c06\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7ed3\u6784\u533a\u5206\u4e3a\u673a\u68b0\u5f0f\u548c\u6709\u673a\u5f0f\u3002\u673a\u68b0\u5f0f\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7ed3\u6784\u5f3a\u8c03\u5c42\u7ea7\u5316\uff0c\u5c06\u4efb\u52a1\u6309\u7167\u4e13\u4e1a\u5316\u89d2\u8272\u548c\u77e5\u8bc6\u8fdb\u884c\u5212\u5206\u3002\u6709\u673a\u5f0f\u7ed3\u6784\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6d41\u52a8\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u5176\u4efb\u52a1\u77e5\u8bc6\u548c\u4fe1\u606f\u4e3a\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u6240\u5171\u4eab\u3002Hage(1965)\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5f53\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7ed3\u6784\u5177\u6709\u96c6\u6743\u51b3\u7b56\u3001\u6b63\u5f0f\u89c4\u5219\u4e14\u4e0d\u590d\u6742\u7b49\u7279\u5f81\u65f6\uff0c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6548\u80fd\u5c06\u8fbe\u5230\u6700\u5927\u5316\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u521b\u65b0\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u4e0e\u6b64\u5bf9\u7acb\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u5f62\u5f0f(\u5206\u6743\u5316\u3001\u975e\u6b63\u5f0f\u5316\u4e14\u590d\u6742)\u3002Lawrence\u548cLorsch(1967)\u5f3a\u8c03\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u6574\u5408\u4e0e\u5dee\u5f02\u5316(\u90e8\u95e8\u5728\u76ee\u6807\u3001\u65f6\u95f4\u6846\u67b6\u3001\u6b63\u5f0f\u5316\u548c\u4eba\u9645\u5bfc\u5411\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u5dee\u5f02)\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u5dee\u5f02\u8d8a\u5927\uff0c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5bf9\u6574\u5408\u673a\u5236(\u5c42\u7ea7\u3001\u89c4\u5219\u3001\u4e2a\u4f53\u3001\u90e8\u95e8)\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u8d8a\u5927\u3002<\/p>\n

Miles\u548cSnow(1978)\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u516c\u53f8\u6218\u7565\u6e90\u4e8e\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5982\u4f55\u89e3\u51b3\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e09\u7c7b\u95ee\u9898\u521b\u4e1a\u5f0f(\u7ba1\u7406\u5e02\u573a\u4efd\u989d)\u3001\u5de5\u7a0b\u5f0f(\u6267\u884c\u521b\u4e1a\u5f0f\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848)\u548c\u884c\u653f\u95ee\u9898(\u516c\u53f8\u5982\u4f55\u6784\u5efa\u81ea\u8eab\u7ed3\u6784\u4ee5\u89e3\u51b3\u524d\u4e24\u7c7b\u95ee\u9898)\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u56db\u79cd\u6218\u7565\u7c7b\u578b\uff1a\u63a2\u7d22\u8005(\u5b9a\u4f4d\u548c\u5f00\u53d1\u65b0\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u4e0e\u5e02\u573a\u673a\u4f1a)\u3001\u9632\u5fa1\u8005(\u4fdd\u6301\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u5e02\u573a\u4efd\u989d)\u3001\u5206\u6790\u8005(\u517c\u4e3a\u63a2\u7d22\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

\u57fa\u4e8e\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f9d\u8d56\u6027\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e09\u4f4d\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u5bf9\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6709\u673a\u5f0f\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u6280\u672f\u7684\u6743\u53d8\u5173\u7cfb\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u68c0\u9a8c\uff1a Perrow(1967)\u3001 Thompson(1967)\u548c Woodward(1958,1965)\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728 Thompson\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\uff0c\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f9d\u8d56\u6027\u662f\u6307\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5404\u9879\u6d3b\u52a8\u5982\u4f55\u5f7c\u6b64\u8854\u63a5\uff0c\u8854\u63a5\u65b9\u5f0f\u6709\uff1a\u5e76\u5217\u5f0f(\u4ec5\u95f4\u63a5\u8fde\u63a5)\u3001\u987a\u5e8f\u5f0f(\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u5355\u5411\u8fde\u63a5)\u548c\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f(\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u53cc\u5411\u8fde\u63a5)\u3002<\/p>\n

Morgan(1989)\u91c7\u7528\u516d\u4e2a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5b50\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7279\u5f81\u8fdb\u884c\u523b\u753b\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5\u6b64\u5224\u65ad\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7279\u5f81\u95f4\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u6216\u975e\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff0c\u8fd9\u516d\u4e2a\u5b50\u7cfb\u7edf\u5206\u522b\u662f\uff1a(1)\u73af\u5883(\u4ece\u7a33\u5b9a\u3001\u786e\u5b9a\u5230\u52a8\u8361\u3001\u4e0d\u53ef\u9884\u6d4b)\uff1b(2)\u6218\u7565(\u4ece\u9632\u5fa1\u6027\u3001\u64cd\u4f5c\u6027\u3001\u76ee\u6807\u8bbe\u5b9a\u5230\u4e3b\u52a8\u5b66\u4e60\u7cfb\u7edf)\uff1b(3)\u6280\u672f(\u4ece\u60ef\u4f8b\u3001\u4f4e\u81ea\u4e3b\u6743\u89d2\u8272\u5230\u590d\u6742\u3001\u9ad8\u81ea\u4e3b\u6743\u89d2\u8272)\uff1b(4)\u4eba\/\u6587\u5316(\u4ece\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u578b\u3001\u5de5\u5177\u53d6\u5411\u5230\u81ea\u6211\u5b9e\u73b0\u53d6\u5411)\uff1b(5)\u7ed3\u6784(\u4ece\u673a<\/p>\n

\u68b0\u5f0f\u3001\u5b98\u50da\u5316\u5230\u6709\u673a\u5f0f)\uff1b(6)\u7ba1\u7406(\u4ece\u5a01\u6743\u3001\u2169\u7406\u8bba\u5230\u6c11\u4e3b\u3001Y\u7406\u8bba)\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8be5\u7406\u8bba\u8fd1\u6765\u5df2\u88ab\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u591a\u7c7b\u60c5\u5f62\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5916\u5305\u3001\u8de8\u56fd\u516c\u53f8\u3001\u4fe1\u606f\u6280\u672f\u7cfb\u7edf(Cao\u7b49,2011)\u3001\u975e\u8425\u5229\u6027\u4f01\u4e1a( Tucker,2010)\u3001\u4f01\u4e1a\u8d44\u6e90\u89c4\u5212( Morton&2008)\u3001\u8de8\u56fd\u6027\u4e13\u4e1a\u670d\u52a1\u516c\u53f8( Greenwood&Mile010)\u4ee5\u53ca\u52a8\u6001\u5e73\u8861( Smith& Lewis,201)\u7b49\u7814\u7a76\u60c5\u666f\u3002 Thompson(1967)\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u9ad8\u5ea6\u76f8\u4e92\u4f9d\u8d56\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6d3b\u52a8\u5e94\u8be5\u5728\u7269\u7406\u3001\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0a\u7d27\u5bc6\u8854\u63a5\uff0c\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u76f8\u5173\u5355\u5143\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u5904\u7406\u80fd\u529b\u8d85\u8d1f\u8377\u3002Hui\u3001 Davis- Blake\u548c Broschak(2008)\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e00\u89c2\u70b9\u5ef6\u4f38\u81f3\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5c42\u9762\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u53d1\u73b0\u5916\u5305\u9879\u76ee\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0a\u7684\u7ec6\u5fae\u5dee\u5f02\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4f1a\u963b\u788d\u5916\u5305\u9884\u671f\u6548\u76ca\u7684\u83b7\u5f97\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u6210\u672c\u8d85\u652f\u4e0e\u63a7\u5236\u95ee\u9898\u3002 Donaldson(2009)\u4e0eQu\u548c Donaldson(2010)\u4e3a\u63a2\u7d22\u8de8\u56fd\u516c\u53f8\u5e7f\u6cdb\u800c\u56fd\u9645\u5316\u7684\u6218\u7565\u4e00\u7ed3\u6784\u5173\u7cfb\u5f00\u53d1\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e09\u7ef4\u6743\u53d8\u6a21\u578b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5bf9\u8be5\u7406\u8bba\u6240\u5305\u542b\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u8fdb\u884c\u6d4b\u91cf<\/h2>\n

1\uff09 \u8fd0\u8425\u7ee9\u6548\u6d4b\u91cf\uff1b<\/p>\n

2\uff09 \u4e2d\u5fc3\u5316\u3001\u6b63\u5f0f\u5316\u4e0e\u516c\u5e73\u6027\u91cf\u8868\uff1b<\/p>\n

3\uff09 \u73af\u5883\u3001\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u6709\u6548\u6027\u6d4b\u91cf\uff1b<\/p>\n

4\uff09 \u5e38\u89c4\u5230\u975e\u5e38\u89c4\u6280\u672f\u91cf\u8868<\/p>\n

\u672a\u6765\u7814\u7a76\u5efa\u8bae<\/h2>\n

(1)\u63a2\u7d22\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u5021\u5bfc\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u590d\u6742\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u800c\u5b9e\u8df5\u8005\u5374\u4ecd\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u4f9d\u8d56\u66f4\u52a0\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0e\u7ed3\u6784\u3002<\/p>\n

(2)\u7814\u7a76\u6280\u672f\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u5982\u4f55\u5bfc\u81f4\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u7684\u5168\u7403\u5316\u6d77\u5916\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7ed3\u6784\u3002<\/p>\n

(3)\u6bd4\u8f83\u5c06\u79c1\u8425\u9886\u57df\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7ed3\u6784\u79fb\u690d\u5230\u975e\u8425\u5229\u9886\u57df\u7684\u6210\u529f\u4e0e\u5931\u8d25\u56e0\u7d20\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5bf9\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u7684\u542f\u793a<\/h2>\n

\u7ed3\u6784\u6743\u53d8\u7406\u8bba\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5728\u7f3a\u4e4f\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u652f\u6301\u65f6\u662f\u65e0\u6cd5\u5145\u5206\u6709\u6548\u7684\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5bfb\u627e\u6700\u4f73\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7ed3\u6784\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u56f0\u96be\u3001\u6301\u7eed\u4e14\u8017\u65f6\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7ed3\u6784\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u7ecf\u7531\u5305\u62ec\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u7684\u8f9b\u82e6\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e0e\u6218\u7565\u51b3\u7b56\u3001\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u4ee5\u53ca\u673a\u4f1a\u5728\u5185\u7684\u4e09\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\u800c\u6784\u5efa\u8d77\u6765\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u5f88\u96be\u521b\u9020\u3002\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u90fd\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u6700\u6709\u6548\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6240\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u5185\u3001\u5916\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6743\u53d8\u6027\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u5bf9\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u6c34\u5e73\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7ed3\u6784\u5bf9\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7ee9\u6548\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u8be5\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6280\u672f\u6c34\u5e73\u7684\u91c7\u7eb3\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3002\u6839\u636e\u6743\u53d8\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7ee9\u6548\u662f\u591a\u79cd\u56e0\u7d20\u76f8\u5339\u914d\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u56e0\u7d20\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u7ed3\u6784\u3001\u4eba\u529b\u3001\u6280\u672f\u3001\u6218\u7565\u53ca\u6587\u5316\u3002\u5339\u914d\u5ea6\u8d8a\u597d\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5c06\u83b7\u5f97\u8d8a\u9ad8\u6c34\u5e73\u7684\u7ee9\u6548\uff1b\u5339\u914d\u5ea6\u8d8a\u5dee\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5c06\u83b7\u5f97\u8d8a\u4f4e\u6c34\u5e73\u7684\u7ee9\u6548\u3002\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u5e94\u63a2\u7d22\u54ea\u4e9b\u53d8\u91cf\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5\u6b64\u4e3a\u4f9d\u636e\u52aa\u529b\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8c\u7f8e\u5339\u914d\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4f7f\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5b9e\u73b0\u6700\u4f73\u7ee9\u6548\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u8981\u4e0e\u5458\u5de5\u8ba8\u8bba\u5f53\u524d\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u6709\u6548\u6027\u3002\u82e5\u5b58\u5728\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5c31\u9f50\u5fc3\u534f\u529b\u6765\u521b\u9020\u4e00\u4e2a\u80fd\u8ba9\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u90fd\u80fd\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u5b9e\u73b0\u7ec4\u7ec7\u613f\u666f\u3001\u4f7f\u547d\u4e0e\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u79ef\u6781\u4e3b\u52a8\u5730\u53bb\u6784\u5efa\u5339\u914d\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u88ab\u52a8\u5730\u4efb\u7531\u73af\u5883\u5851\u9020\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7ed3\u6784\u3002<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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