{"id":12018,"date":"2024-04-08T10:52:42","date_gmt":"2024-04-08T02:52:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.shehuifa.com\/?p=12018"},"modified":"2025-11-13T13:55:29","modified_gmt":"2025-11-13T05:55:29","slug":"%e7%ac%94%e8%ae%b0%e4%b8%80%ef%bc%9a%e7%a4%be%e4%bc%9a%e6%95%99%e8%82%b2%e5%ad%a6%e7%90%86%e8%ae%ba%e5%92%8c%e6%b2%bf%e9%9d%a9","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/start.shehuifa.com\/?p=12018","title":{"rendered":"\u7b14\u8bb0\u4e00\uff1a\u793e\u4f1a\u6559\u80b2\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\u548c\u6cbf\u9769"},"content":{"rendered":"

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\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u6559\u80b2\u5b66\uff1f<\/b><\/p>\n

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\u51e0\u4e4e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6709\u540d\u7684\u4eba\u5230\u5927\u5b66\u6f14\u8bb2\u90fd\u4f1a\u9610\u8ff0\u4e00\u4e0b\u5173\u4e8e\u81ea\u5df1\u5bf9\u6559\u80b2\u76ee\u7684\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\uff0c\u5f53\u7136\u591a\u6570\u4eba\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8bf4\u8fd9\u662f\u4e2a\u4eba\u89c1\u89e3\uff0c\u597d\u50cf\u81ea\u5df1\u8bf4\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u822c\u3002\u5728\u300a\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u300b\u7684\u4e00\u4e66\u4e2d\u8bb2\u5230\u6559\u80b2\u662f\u53d1\u5c55\u513f\u7ae5\u72ec\u6709\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u548c\u6f5c\u80fd\uff0c \u7ecf\u5e38\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u6700\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u4e30\u5bcc\u548c\u6fc0\u53d1\u4eba\u7c7b\u5148\u5929\u624d\u80fd\u7684\u4f18\u5316\u5de5\u5177(Schofield,1999)\u3002\u6559\u80b2\u5b66\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u6559\u80b2\u5b66\u6700\u5927\u7684\u533a\u522b\u662f\u6559\u80b2\u5b66\u66f4\u52a0\u5173\u6ce8\u4e8e\u4e2a\u4f53\uff0c\u800c\u793e\u4f1a\u6559\u80b2\u5b66\u5219\u628a\u6559\u80b2\u95ee\u9898\u653e\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u6846\u67b6\u4e0a\u4ece\u4e0d\u540c\u89d2\u5ea6\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u6559\u80b2\u5b66\u5bb6\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u95ee\u5728\u901a\u8fc7\u67d0\u79cd\u6559\u80b2\uff0c\u5b69\u5b50\u6709\u6ca1\u6709\u53d1\u6325\u6700\u5927\u6f5c\u80fd\uff1b\u793e\u4f1a\u6559\u80b2\u5b66\u5bb6\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u8003\u8651\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u53d1\u6325\u4e86\u6700\u5927\u7684\u6f5c\u80fd\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u6f5c\u80fd\u80fd\u591f\u5e2e\u52a9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b69\u5b50\u5728\u672a\u6765\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u627e\u5230\u4e00\u5e2d\u4e4b\u5730\u5417\uff1f\u6559\u80b2\u5b66\u5bb6\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u95ee\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u6559\u80b2\uff0c\u4eba\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u4ee5\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u52a0\u5b8c\u5584\u5065\u5eb7\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u793e\u4f1a\u6559\u80b2\u5b66\u5bb6\u4f1a\u5bf9\u4e0d\u540c\u793e\u4f1a\u5bf9\u5065\u5eb7\u548c\u5b8c\u5584\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u8fdb\u884c\u8d28\u7591\uff0c\u5bf9\u5c06\u6559\u80b2\u548c\u9053\u5fb7\u8054\u7cfb\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u6027\u8fdb\u884c\u8d28\u7591\u3002\u5728\u8fdb\u5165\u66f4\u4e3a\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u9605\u8bfb\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u6211\u5148\u8bb2\u7814\u7a76\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u7684\u4e09\u5927\u5b66\u8bf4\u8fdb\u884c\u7b80\u4ecb\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e09\u5927\u5b66\u8bf4\u662f\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u6709\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u51fa\u53d1\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7ed3\u6784\u529f\u80fd\u4e3b\u4e49\uff08Structural functionalism\uff09 \u4ece\u5b8f\u89c2\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u793e\u4f1a\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u590d\u6742\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u793e\u4f1a\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\u90fd\u6709\u5176\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\uff0c\u5404\u4e2a\u793e\u4f1a\u5355\u5143\u50cf\u5668\u5b98\u4e00\u6837\u4e00\u8d77\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u5171\u540c\u8ba9\u793e\u4f1a\u8fd0\u8f6c\u8d77\u6765\u3002Spencer \u9996\u5148\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c Durkheim\u53d1\u626c\u5149\u5927\u3002\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u63d0\u7684\u4f1f\u5927\u540d\u5b57\u662fComte\uff0c \u5b9e\u8bc1\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u4e4b\u7236\uff08\u65e9\u671f\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u662f\u6cd5\u56fd\u4eba\u548c\u82f1\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u5929\u4e0b\uff09\u3002\u7ed3\u6784\u529f\u80fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u662f\u5178\u578b\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u4e3b\u4e49\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5b58\u5728\u5373\u5408\u7406\uff0c \u6bd4\u5982\u72af\u7f6a\u8fd9\u4ef6\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u5728\u7ed3\u6784\u529f\u80fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u770b\u6765\u4e5f\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u5fc5\u4e0d\u53ef\u5c11\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba9\u4eba\u4eec\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u8fb9\u754c\u5728\u54ea\u91cc. \u4e2a\u4eba\u89c9\u5f97\u7ed3\u6784\u529f\u80fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u5f88\u6709\u9053\u5bb6\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u3002<\/p>\n

\u51b2\u7a81\u7406\u8bba(Conflict theories)\uff1a<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \u53e4\u5178\u7406\u8bba\uff1a\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u5f3a\u8c03\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u4e0d\u540c\u793e\u4f1a\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u4eba\u7531\u4e8e\u8d22\u5bcc\uff0c\u653f\u6cbb\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u6743\u529b\u7b49\u7b49\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u50cf\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u9636\u7ea7\uff0c\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u9769\u547d\u6216\u6539\u9769\uff0c \u4e0e\u5668\u5b98\u7ed3\u6784\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u51b2\u7a81\u7406\u8bba\u8ba4\u4e3a\u73b0\u5b58\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u79e9\u5e8f\u662f\u4e0d\u5408\u7406\u7684\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u4eba\u7269\u5f53\u7136\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u719f\u6089\u7684Karl Marx \u51b2\u7a81\u7406\u8bba\u4e4b\u7236\u3002\u5728\u53e4\u5178\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u4e2d\uff0cMarx \u62d2\u7edd\u9519\u8bef\u610f\u8bc6\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u793e\u4f1a\u95ee\u9898\u5e76\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u7f3a\u70b9\u9020\u6210\uff08\u6bd4\u5982\u7a77\u4eba\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u7a77\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u61d2\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u7406\u8bba\uff09\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\u624d\u662f\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff0c \u6069\u683c\u65af\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u9636\u7ea7\u610f\u8bc6\u3002Marx \u66f4\u591a\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\u662f\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c Gumplowiz \u5219\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u6982\u8981\uff081884\uff09\u4e2d\u63d0\u51fa\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u6587\u660e\u8fc7\u7a0b\u662f\u7531\u6587\u5316\u79cd\u65cf\u51b2\u7a81\u6784\u6210\uff0c \u6574\u4e2a\u590d\u6742\u7684\u4eba\u7c7b\u793e\u4f1a\u7cfb\u7edf\u662f\u7531\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\u6784\u6210\uff0c\u80dc\u5229\u8005\u5974\u5f79\u5931\u8d25\u8005\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u51b2\u7a81\u5305\u62ec\u201d\u9636\u7ea7\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u79cd\u65cf\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u6c11\u65cf\u51b2\u7a81\u201c\u3002<\/li>\n
  2. \u73b0\u4ee3\u7406\u8bba\uff1aMills\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u73b0\u4ee3\u51b2\u7a81\u7406\u8bba\u4e4b\u7236\uff0c\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u793e\u4f1a\u7ed3\u6784\u662f\u7531\u4e0d\u540c\u5174\u8da3\u548c\u62e5\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u4eba\u6784\u6210\u3002\u4e3b\u8981\u5173\u6ce8\u7cbe\u82f1\u548c\u5927\u4f17\u7684\u51b2\u7a81\u3002\u4e4b\u540e\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u5bb6\u66f4\u52a0\u5173\u6ce8\u5404\u7c7b\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\uff08\u6bd4\u5982\u79cd\u65cf\uff0c\u7537\u5973\uff0c \u79fb\u6c11\uff0c LGBT\u7b49\u7b49\uff09\u3002\u662f\u5404\u7c7b\u7684movement\uff08\u5973\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0cLGBTQ\uff09\u7b49\u7b49\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u57fa\u7840\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \u7ed3\u6784\u529f\u80fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u51b2\u7a81\u7406\u8bba\u90fd\u662f\u5b8f\u89c2\u89c6\u91ce\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2asymbolic interactionism \u5219\u662f\u5fae\u89c2\u7406\u8bba\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u8c61\u5f81\u4e92\u52a8\u8bba\/\u7b26\u53f7\u4e92\u52a8\u8bba\uff08symbolic interactionism\uff09:\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u8bb2\u662f\u89e3\u91ca\u4eba\u4eec\u600e\u6837\u901a\u8fc7\u548c\u4ed6\u4eba\u4ea4\u6d41\u6765\u521b\u9020\u8c61\u5f81\u6027\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8c61\u5f81\u6027\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u53c8\u600e\u6837\u5f71\u54cd\u4e2a\u4eba\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\uff08\u6211\u603b\u89c9\u5f97\u7528\u5f71\u54cd\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bcd\u4e0d\u592a\u51c6\u786e\uff0c\u4e00\u65f6\u4e5f\u60f3\u4e0d\u8d77\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u8bcd\u8bed\uff0c\u82f1\u6587\u662fshape\uff09\u3002\u4ee3\u8868\u4eba\u7269\u662fMead (\u8c61\u5f81\u4e92\u52a8\u8bba\u4e4b\u7236)\u548cCooley\uff0cDeway.<\/p>\n

    Blumer \u662fMead \u7684\u5b66\u751f\uff0c\u4ed6\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u5efa\u6784\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u5728\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u73b0\u5b9e\u662f\u7531\u6211\u4eec\u81ea\u5df1\u5236\u9020\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\u4eba\u7c7b\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65cf\u7fa4\u662f\u7531\u6211\u4eec\u81ea\u5df1\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u6211\u4eec\u628a\u76f8\u4e92\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4e92\u52a8\u79f0\u4e3a\u793e\u4f1a\u3002\u603b\u4e4b\u8fd9\u4e2a\u89d2\u5ea6\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u4eba\u548c\u4eba\u4e4b\u95f4\u600e\u6837\u901a\u8fc7\u4e92\u52a8\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u201c\u73b0\u5b9e\u201d\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u6700\u4e3a\u524d\u6cbf\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7a76\u7adf\u80fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u6709\u793e\u4f1a\u5316\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u201cChinese Room\u201d\u5927\u8ba8\u8bba\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b66\u8bf4\u6bd4\u8f83\u6709\u4f5b\u6559\u7684\u98ce\u683c\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u4e71\u5f39\u5b8c\u57fa\u672c\u7406\u8bba\u540e\u56de\u5230\u793e\u4f1a\u6559\u80b2\u5b66\u6b63\u9898\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u7c97\u7565\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e00\u4e0b\u793e\u4f1a\u6559\u80b2\u5b66\u53d1\u5c55\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u65e9\u8d77\u7406\u8bba\u7814\u7a76\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u6700\u65e9\u7684\u5960\u57fa\u4eba\u662fDurkheim \u548c Webber<\/b><\/p>\n

    Durkheim \u662f\u673a\u6784\u529f\u80fd\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u6b64\u541b\u91cd\u5728\u8ba8\u8bba\u6559\u80b2\u5bf9\u513f\u7ae5\u8fdb\u5165\u6210\u4eba\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u6240\u8d77\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u57fa\u672c\u601d\u60f3\u6536\u5f55\u5728\u300aMoral Education\u300b(1973) \u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e86\u5b66\u6821\u5728\u6559\u80b2\u4e2d\u7684\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u6559\u80b2\u548c\u4e00\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u4ee5\u53ca\u53d8\u52a8\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5b66\u6821\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e2d\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n

    Weber \u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u51b2\u7a81\u4e3b\u4e49\u7406\u8bba\u5bb6\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u5173\u6ce8\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u5904\u5728\u638c\u63a7\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u4eba\u7ec4\uff08group\uff09\u5bf9\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u6743\u529b\u600e\u6837\u5728\u5b66\u6821\u5185\u548c\u6821\u5916\u5236\u9020\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u5f53\u7136\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\u4ed6\u7684\u5b98\u50da\u673a\u6784\uff08bureaucratic model\uff09\u6a21\u578b\u5bf9\u5b66\u6821\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u600e\u6837\u7684\u673a\u6784\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\uff08Webber \u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u5b98\u50da\u673a\u6784\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6cd5\u5b9a\u7406\u6027\u673a\u6784\uff0c\u662f\u7406\u60f3\u673a\u6784\u7684\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u6ce8\u610f\u548c\u4f20\u7edf\u5b98\u50da\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u533a\u522b\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u65e9\u671f\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8fd8\u6709Parsons(1959) \u7814\u7a76\u5b66\u6821\u600e\u6837\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9\u5b66\u751f\uff0c\u5b66\u6821\u5728\u7ef4\u6301\u793e\u4f1a\u79e9\u5e8f\u4e2d\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002 \u8001\u670b\u53cbMarx(1977)\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6559\u80b2\u662f\u7ef4\u62a4\u73b0\u6709\u7684\u9636\u7ea7\u7ed3\u6784\u3002Bowlers and Gintis(1976)\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5b66\u6821\u662f\u638c\u6743\u9636\u7ea7\u7ef4\u62a4\u81ea\u5df1\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u8ba9\u81ea\u5df1\u5728\u975e\u4f18\u52bf\u9636\u7ea7\u94b1\u4fdd\u6301\u6743\u5a01\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u3002Waller(1932)\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5b66\u6821\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u4f53\u7cfb\uff0c\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u6267\u653f\u8005\uff0c\u8001\u5e08\uff0c\u5b66\u6821\uff0c\u5b66\u751f\u4e3a\u593a\u5f97\u6743\u529b\u548c\u6743\u5a01\u76f8\u4e92\u7ade\u4e89\u3002<\/p>\n

    \u65e9\u671f\u7684\u5b9e\u8bc1\u7814\u7a76<\/b><\/p>\n

    \u5927\u540d\u9f0e\u9f0e\u7684Coleman Report(1966) \u7528\u751f\u4ea7\u6a21\u578b\u6765\u5206\u6790\u5b66\u6821\u548c\u5bb6\u5ead\u6295\u5165\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u548c\u5b66\u751f\u7684\u6210\u5c31\uff08\u4ea7\u51fa\uff09\uff0c\u6b64\u62a5\u544a\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u6307\u51fa\u9ed1\u4eba\u5b66\u751f\u6210\u7ee9\u504f\u4f4e\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u9ed1\u4eba\u5b66\u751f\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u5728\u8d2b\u56f0\u7684\u5bb6\u5ead\u91cc\uff0c\u7236\u6bcd\u548c\u793e\u533a\u6ca1\u6709\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u6765\u652f\u6301\u5b69\u5b50\u554a\u5b66\u4e60\uff0cColeman \u6307\u51fa\u793e\u4f1a\u8d44\u672c\u548c\u6587\u5316\u8d44\u672c\u5bf9\u5b69\u5b50\u6559\u80b2\u6210\u679c\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3002\uff08\u672a\u6765\u4f1a\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e13\u9898\u6765\u5199Coleman\uff09,\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u66f4\u52a0\u6ce8\u91cd\u7528\u8c03\u67e5\u6570\u636e\u548c\u8fdb\u884c\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u7528\u5168\u56fd\u6027\u7684\u9762\u677f\u6570\u636e\u6216\u4ea4\u53c9\u6570\u636e\uff08longitude data and cross sectional data\uff09\u6765\u5bf9\u5b66\u751f\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff0c\u5b66\u6821\u5bf9\u5b66\u751f\u73b0\u5728\u548c\u5c06\u6765\u4e8b\u4e1a\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/p>\n

    Reference<\/b><\/p>\n

    Dewey, John 1916 Democracy and Education. The Free Press. pp. 1\u20134<\/p>\n

    Schofield, K. ,1999. The Purposes of Education, Queensland State Education: 2010<\/p>\n

    Maureen T.Hallinan Handbook of sociology and Education ,Springer Science & Bussiness Media,2006<\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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