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\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e00\u7c7b\u662f\u4fa7\u91cd\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u52b3\u8d44\u5173\u7cfb\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u5206\u6790\u7684\u8bba\u8bf4\u3002\u5305\u62ec\u7f8e\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u5b66\u8005\u534e\u5c14\u5fb7\uff08Andrew Walder \uff09\u7684\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u65b0\u4f20\u7edf\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u8bba\u8bf4\u3001\u82f1\u56fd\u7ba1\u7406\u5b66\u5b66\u8005Malcolm Warner\u548c\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u7ba1\u7406\u5b66\u5b66\u8005\u6731\u8fce\uff08Ying Zhu\uff09\u7684\u5177\u6709\u201c\u6df7\u5408\u4f53\u201d\u7279\u5f81\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u52b3\u52a8\u5173\u7cfb\u8bf4\uff1b\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u5b66\u8005\u9648\u4f69\u534e\uff08Anita Chan\uff09\u7684\u5411\u793e\u4f1a\u5408\u4f5c\u4e3b\u4e49\u6f14\u8fdb\u8bf4\uff1b\u82f1\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u53d1\u5c55\u7814\u7a76\u5b66\u8005Gordon White\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u201c\u4e09\u65b9\u5408\u4f5c\u4e3b\u4e49\u201d\u8bf4\uff1b\u9999\u6e2f\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5b66\u5b66\u8005\u9648\u5cf0\uff08Feng Chen \uff09\u7684\u751f\u5b58\u4f26\u7406\u9700\u8981\u4f53\u5236\u5316\u7684\u5de5\u4eba\u96c6\u4f53\u6743\u5229\u8bf4\uff1b\u7f8e\u56fd\u653f\u6cbb\u5b66\u5b66\u8005\u5510\u6587\u65b9\uff08Wenfang Tang\uff09\u7684\u52a8\u5458\u6027\u53c2\u4e0e\u80dc\u4e8e\u5229\u76ca\u6027\u53c2\u4e0e\u8bf4\uff1b\u82f1\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u5b66\u8005\u8d75\u660e\u534e\uff08Minghua Zhao\uff09\u7684\u5e94\u8be5\u5c0a\u91cd\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u6743\u5229\u8bf4\uff1b\u97e9\u56fd\u653f\u6cbb\u5b66\u5b66\u8005\u5f20\u5141\u7f8e\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u5b66\u8005\u5f20\u668e\u7855\u7684\u53e4\u5178\u53cc\u91cd\u4e3b\u4e49\u5411\u529f\u80fd\u6027\u53cc\u91cd\u4e3b\u4e49\u6f14\u53d8\u8bf4\uff1b\u5728\u9999\u6e2f\u4ece\u4e8b\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u8005\u674e\u742a\u7684 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\u77e5\u884c\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u98ce\u8303\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e<\/p>\n<p>[1]\u3014\u82f1\u3015\u57fa\u601d\u3002\u6000\u7279\u83f2\u5c14\u5fb7\uff0c\u3014\u7f8e\u3015\u4e54\u6cbb\u3002\u65bd\u7279\u52b3\u65af\uff0c\u3014\u6fb3\u3015\u7f57\u7eb3\u3002\u51ef\u52d2\u65af\u7f16\uff1a\u300a\u4ea7\u4e1a\u5173\u7cfb\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u6cd5\u300b\uff0c\u7a0b\u5ef6\u56ed\u7b49\u8bd1\uff0c\u3014\u5317\u4eac\u3015\u52b3\u52a8\u793e\u4f1a\u4fdd\u969c\u51fa\u7248\u793e2005\u5e74\u7248\u3002<\/p>\n<p>[2]Sidney Webb and Beatrice Potter Webb \uff0c1920\uff0cIndustrial Democracy\uff0cLondon\uff1aLongman.<\/p>\n<p>[3]John.T.Dunlop\uff0c1993\uff0cIndustrial Relations Systems \uff081958\uff09\u3002Revised Edition.Harvard Business School Press.<\/p>\n<p>[4]Richard Hyman\uff0c1989\uff0cThe Political Economy of Industrial Relations\uff0cThe Macmillan press ltd.London.<\/p>\n<p>[5]John \uff0cKelly.1998\uff0cRethinking Industrial Relations \uff1aMobilization\uff0cCollectivism and Long Wave.London\uff0cRoutladge.<\/p>\n<p>[6]Michael Salamon.2000\uff0cIndustrial Relations\uff1aTheory and Practice\uff08Fourth edition\uff09\uff0cEssex\uff0cPearson Education Limited.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u3010\u6458\u8981\u3011\uff1a\u52b3\u8d44\u5173\u7cfb\u5728\u5f53\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u5f53\u4e2d\u66fe\u7ecf\u662f\u9636\u7ea7\u5bf9\u7acb\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u6539\u9769\u5f00\u653e\u540e\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u9010\u6b65\u4e0e\u5404\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u52b3\u8d44\u5173\u7cfb\u76f8\u9047\u3002 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