{"id":12892,"date":"2013-02-04T22:58:08","date_gmt":"2014-12-29T14:48:08","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.chinailr.com\/?p=22"},"modified":"2025-11-13T14:52:20","modified_gmt":"2025-11-13T06:52:20","slug":"%e4%bb%8e%e5%bc%82%e5%8c%96%e5%8a%b3%e5%8a%a8%e5%88%b0%e7%a4%be%e4%bc%9a%e4%ba%a4%e5%be%80","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/start.shehuifa.com\/?p=12892","title":{"rendered":"\u4ece\u201c\u5f02\u5316\u52b3\u52a8\u201d\u5230\u201c\u793e\u4f1a\u4ea4\u5f80\u201d \u2014\u2014\u8bd5\u6790\u671b\u6708\u6e05\u53f8\u5bf9\u300a1844\u5e74\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u54f2\u5b66\u624b\u7a3f\u300b\u7684\u89e3\u8bfb"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>\u5185\u5bb9\u63d0\u8981<\/strong>\uff1a\u671b\u6708\u6e05\u53f8\u662f\u65e5\u672c\u8457\u540d\u7684\u5e02\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u5b66\u6d3e\u7684\u5960\u57fa\u4eba\u3002\u4ed6\u5728\u6df1\u5165\u7ec6\u81f4\u89e3\u8bfb\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u5927\u91cf\u6587\u672c\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4ee5\u5e02\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u7406\u8bba\u4e3a\u57fa\u8f74\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u7406\u8bba\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u89e3\u8bfb\u300a\u5df4\u9ece\u624b \u7a3f\u300b\u4e4b\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u9762\u4e34\u7740\u201c\u5e02\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u201d\u6982\u5ff5\u4e3a\u4f55\u5728\u6b64\u4e66\u4e2d\u660e\u663e\u201c\u7f3a\u5e2d\u201d\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u201c\u5f02\u5316\u52b3\u52a8\u201d\u56db\u91cd\u89c4\u5b9a\u4e2d\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u89c4\u5b9a\u5230\u7b2c\u4e8c\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\u8fc7\u6e21\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u7f3a\u73af\u6240 \u9020\u6210\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u73af\u5e94\u7531\u300a\u7a46\u52d2\u8bc4\u6ce8\u300b\u7684\u201c\u793e\u4f1a\u4ea4\u5f80\u201d\u6765\u8865\u5145\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u6070\u6070\u662f\u5f02\u5316\u7406\u8bba\u5411\u5e02\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u63a8\u8fdb\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u8bc1\u660e\u201c\u5e02\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u201d\u7406\u8bba\u5e76\u672a\u6d88\u5931\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u671b\u6708\u4ee5\u201c\u5b64 \u7acb\u4eba\u201d\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u6765\u628a\u63e1\u5f02\u5316\u52b3\u52a8\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u89e3\u8bfb\u6709\u8fc7\u4e8e\u5f3a\u70c8\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u8bba\u8272\u5f69\uff0c\u5176\u5bf9\u300a\u7a46\u52d2\u8bc4\u6ce8\u300b\u7684\u8bc4\u4ef7\u4e5f\u6709\u8fc7\u9ad8\u4e4b\u5acc\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u601d\u60f3\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u903b\u8f91\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u7684\u906e \u853d\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5173<\/strong> <strong>\u952e<\/strong> <strong>\u8bcd<\/strong>\uff1a\u671b\u6708\u6e05\u53f8\/\u300a\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u5386\u53f2\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u300b\/\u5f02\u5316\u52b3\u52a8\/\u793e\u4f1a\u4ea4\u5f80\/\u300a\u7a46\u52d2\u8bc4\u6ce8\u300b<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u4f5c\u8005\u7b80\u4ecb<\/strong>\uff1a\u738b\u7389\u73cf\uff0c\u5357\u4eac\u5927\u5b66\u54f2\u5b66\u7cfb\u535a\u58eb\u7814\u7a76\u751f\uff0c\u5357\u4eac210093\uff1b\u5218\u6000\u7389\uff0c\u5357\u4eac\u5927\u5b66\u54f2\u5b66\u7cfb\u6559\u6388\uff0c\u5357\u4eac210093<\/p>\n<p>\u6765\u6e90\uff1a\u300a\u5409\u6797\u5927\u5b66\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u5b66\u62a5\u300b(\u957f\u6625)2012\u5e743\u671f<\/p>\n<p>\u671b\u6708\u6e05\u53f8(\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7b80\u79f0\u671b\u6708)\u2460\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u662f\u4ee5\u4ed6\u7684\u5e02\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u7406\u8bba\u4e3a\u57fa\u8f74\u7684\uff0c\u5728\u4ed6\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u7406\u8bba\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\u660e\u201c\u5e02\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u201d\u7684\u4ea7\u751f\u3001\u53d1\u5c55\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u3002\u671b\u6708 \u6e05\u53f8\u5c06\u4eba\u7c7b\u5386\u53f2\u53d1\u5c55\u770b\u6210\u662f\u201c\u672c\u6e90\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u2192\u5e02\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u2192\u672a\u6765\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u201d\u2461\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5728\u8bba\u8bc1\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u9047\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5373\u5728\u4ed6\u770b\u6765\u8d2f\u7a7f\u4e8e\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u53d1\u5c55\u4e2d\u7684 \u201c\u5e02\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u201d\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5230\u4e86\u300a1844\u5e74\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u54f2\u5b66\u624b\u7a3f\u300b(\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7b80\u79f0\u300a\u624b\u7a3f\u300b)\u548c\u300a\u8a79\u59c6\u65af\u00b7\u7a46\u52d2\u3008\u653f\u6cbb\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u539f\u7406\u3009\u4e00\u4e66\u6458\u8981\u300b(\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7b80\u79f0\u300a\u7a46\u52d2\u8bc4\u6ce8\u300b)\u4e4b\u65f6 \u2014\u2014\u201c\u4ee4\u4eba\u96be\u4ee5\u7f6e\u4fe1\u5730\u6d88\u5931\u4e86\u201d[1]34\u3002\u671b\u6708\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u8fd9\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u653e\u5f03\u4e86\u201c\u5e02\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u201d\u7684\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u53cd\u800c\u8868\u660e\u4e86\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u201c\u8981\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u81ea\u5df1\u800c\u8a00\u5168\u65b0\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\uff0c\u5373 \u2018\u56fd\u6c11\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u2019\u2014\u2014\u82f1\u56fd\u653f\u6cbb\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u2014\u2014\u6765\u91cd\u65b0\u83b7\u5f97\u81ea\u5df1\u65e9\u5df2\u5728\u6279\u5224\u9ed1\u683c\u5c14\u65f6\u4e60\u60ef\u4e86\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u2018\u5e02\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u2019\u6982\u5ff5\u201d[1]37\u3002\u800c\u201c\u5e02\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u201d\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u6d88\u5931\uff0c\u662f\u201c\u7531\u4e8e \u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u65af\u5bc6=\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u2018\u5e02\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u2019\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u89c6\u7ebf\u4ece\u9ed1\u683c\u5c14=\u666e\u9c81\u58eb\u5f0f\u2018\u5e02\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u2019\u8f6c\u5411\u4e86\u65af\u5bc6=\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u2018\u5e02\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u2019\u6240\u9020\u6210\u7684\u201d[1]42\u3002\u671b\u6708\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u5728 \u201c\u5f02\u5316\u52b3\u52a8\u8bba\u201d\u4e2d\uff0c\u201c\u5e02\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u201d\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u6d88\u5931\u4e86\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u201c\u2018\u5f02\u5316\u52b3\u52a8\u2019\u662f\u8fde\u63a5\u300a\u5fb7\u6cd5\u5e74\u9274\u300b\u548c\u300a\u5fb7\u610f\u5fd7\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001(\u7b2c\u4e00\u7ae0)\u300b\u5e02\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u793e\u4f1a=\u5386\u53f2\u8ba4\u8bc6\u201d [1]54\u3002\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u671b\u6708\u8bd5\u56fe\u5bf9\u201c\u5f02\u5316\u201d\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u7814\u7a76\u6ce8\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\uff0c\u8981\u201c\u4f7f\u5f02\u5316\u8303\u7574\u4ece\u72ed\u9698\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u6846\u67b6\u4e2d\u89e3\u653e\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u6269\u5c55\u5230\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4f7f\u5b83\u83b7\u5f97 \u65b0\u751f\u201d[1]11\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u4e00\u3001\u96be\u4ee5\u8de8\u8d8a\u7684\u9e3f\u6c9f\uff1a\u5f02\u5316\u52b3\u52a8\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u7f3a\u73af<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u671b\u6708\u5bf9\u5f02\u5316\u52b3\u52a8 \u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u63a8\u8fdb\uff0c\u662f\u5c06\u5176\u4e0e\u300a\u7a46\u52d2\u8bc4\u6ce8\u300b\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u793e\u4f1a\u4ea4\u5f80\u201d\u6982\u5ff5\u7ed3\u5408\u8d77\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u3002\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u671b\u6708\u9996\u5148\u4eae\u51fa\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6587\u732e\u5b66\u4f9d\u636e\uff0c\u5373\u300a\u7a46\u52d2\u8bc4\u6ce8\u300b\u4e0e\u300a\u624b\u7a3f\u300b \u7684\u5199\u4f5c\u987a\u5e8f\u3002\u5173\u4e8e\u4e24\u4e2a\u6587\u732e\u7684\u5199\u4f5c\u987a\u5e8f\uff0c\u5728\u5b66\u754c\u4e2d\u4e89\u8bae\u9887\u591a\u2462\uff0c\u4f7f\u5bf9\u4e24\u4e2a\u6587\u672c\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u628a\u63e1\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u79cd\u89e3\u8bfb\u6210\u679c\u3002\u2463\u671b\u6708\u91c7\u7eb3\u7684\u662f\u82cf\u8054\u62c9\u5bbe\u7684\u8003\u636e\u6210\u679c\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a \u300a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u7b14\u8bb0\u300b\u4e0e\u300a\u624b\u7a3f\u300b\u662f\u4ea4\u9519\u5199\u4f5c\u7684\uff0c\u300a\u7a46\u52d2\u8bc4\u6ce8\u300b\u5199\u4e8e\u300a\u624b\u7a3f\u300b\u7684\u201c\u7b2c\u4e00\u624b\u7a3f\u201d\u548c\u201c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u624b\u7a3f\u201d\u4e4b\u95f4\u3002\u4ee5\u6b64\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u671b\u6708\u501f\u7528\u65e5\u672c\u5b66\u8005\u68ee\u7530\u6850\u90ce\u7684\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00 \u8003\u8bc1\u201c\u5c31\u4f1a\u7ed9\u6211\u4eec\u5e26\u6765\u4e0b\u8ff0\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\uff0c\u5373\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u5bf9\u5e02\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u6279\u5224\u8ba4\u8bc6\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u800c1844\u5e74\u6b63\u662f\u8fd9\u4e00\u89c6\u89d2\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u65f6\u671f\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u80fd\u591f\u6b63\u786e\u5730 \u628a\u63e1\u8fd9\u4e00\u89c6\u89d2\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u81f3\u5c11\u8981\u91c7\u53d6\u300a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u54f2\u5b66\u300b\u2464\u7b2c\u4e00\u624b\u7a3f\u2192\u300a\u7a46\u52d2\u8bc4\u6ce8\u300b\u2192\u300a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u54f2\u5b66\u300b\u7b2c\u4e8c\u3001\u7b2c\u4e09\u624b\u7a3f\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u89e3\u8bfb\u65b9\u5f0f\u201d[1]33\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u671b\u6708\u5728\u4e4b \u540e\u7684\u8bba\u8ff0\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c06\u300a\u624b\u7a3f\u300b\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u5f02\u5316\u7406\u8bba\u201d\u548c\u300a\u7a46\u52d2\u8bc4\u6ce8\u300b\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u793e\u4f1a\u4ea4\u5f80\u201d\u7ed3\u5408\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u8bd5\u56fe\u4ee5\u6b64\u5b8c\u6574\u628a\u63e1\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u7684\u201c\u5e02\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u201d\u7406\u8bba\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u786e\u8bc1\u4e86\u6587\u732e\u5b66\u4e0a\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u671b\u6708\u5f00\u59cb\u5c55\u5f00\u903b\u8f91\u4e0a\u7684\u63a8\u8bba\u3002\u4ed6\u9996\u5148\u9610\u8ff0\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u524d\u63d0\uff0c\u6307\u51fa\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u6240\u9762\u5bf9\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u60c5\u5883\u662f\u201c\u5e02\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u52b3\u52a8\u5f02\u5316\u201d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u5f02\u5316\u52b3\u52a8\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u57df\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u6765\u770b\u5728\u671b\u6708\u7684\u89e3\u8bfb\u4e2d\uff0c\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u662f\u600e\u4e48\u5c55\u5f00\u5386\u53f2\u5206\u6790\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u786e\u5b9a\u4e86\u5f02\u5316\u52b3\u52a8\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u57df\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u671b\u6708\u5206\u6790\u4e86\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u5728\u300a\u624b\u7a3f\u300b\u7b2c\u4e00\u624b\u7a3f\u4e2d\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u5f02\u5316\u52b3\u52a8\u7684\u56db\u4e2a\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u4ed6\u5bf9\u8fd9\u56db\u4e2a\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u548c\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u5224\u5b9a\u662f\u201c\u5728 \u8fd9\u56db\u4e2a\u5f02\u5316\u89c4\u5b9a\u6216\u8005\u8bf4\u5f02\u5316\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff0c\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u5bf9(3)\u548c(4)\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u5c55\u5f00\u8bba\u8ff0\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u6709\u65f6\u5bf9\u5b83\u4eec\u90fd\u4e0d\u505a\u533a\u5206\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u89c4\u5b9a\u4e0e\u7b2c\u4e00\u548c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u89c4\u5b9a\u5e76\u4e0d\u5904\u4e8e\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6c34\u5e73 \u4e0a\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\uff0c\u201c\u76ee\u524d\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u8ba8\u8bba\u5982\u4f55\u4ece\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u5904\u7406\u7b2c\u4e09\u548c\u7b2c\u56db\u4e2a\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u7406\u89e3\u7b2c\u4e00\u79cd\u52b3\u52a8\u4ea7\u54c1\u5f02\u5316\u548c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u79cd\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u81ea\u6211\u5f02\u5316\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u5173\u7cfb\u201d\u3002 [1]54\u671b\u6708\u7684\u8fd9\u4e2a\u63a8\u8bba\u5728\u7b14\u8005\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u662f\u4e0d\u6210\u7acb\u7684\uff0c\u5728\u4e0b\u6587\u5c06\u4f1a\u6709\u6240\u8ba8\u8bba\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u5148\u987a\u7740\u671b\u6708\u7684\u601d\u8def\u5f80\u4e0b\u8d70\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u505a\u51fa\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5224\u65ad\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u671b\u6708\u7684\u5173 \u6ce8\u70b9\u5c31\u805a\u7126\u5728\u5f02\u5316\u52b3\u52a8\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u89c4\u5b9a\u548c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u89c4\u5b9a\u4e0a\u4e86\u3002\u4ed6\u9488\u5bf9\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u96c7\u4f63\u5de5\u4eba\u5f02\u5316\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u5bf9\u7b2c\u4e00\u89c4\u5b9a\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8d28\u7591\u3002\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5982\u679c\u6309\u7167\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u96c7\u4f63\u5de5\u4eba\u5f02\u5316\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u89e3 \u8bfb\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u5728\u5bf9\u7b2c\u4e00\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\u8bba\u8ff0\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f1a\u7ed9\u4eba\u4eec\u7559\u4e0b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7591\u96be\u2014\u2014\u201c\u867d\u7136\u2018\u4e8b\u7269\u7684\u5f02\u5316\u2019\u4ecd\u53ef\u89e3\u91ca\u6210\u2018\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u2019\u96c7\u4f63\u5de5\u4eba\u7684\u2018\u52b3\u52a8\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u5f02\u5316\u2019\uff0c\u4f46\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u5374 \u8bf4\u5b83\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u662f\u2018\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u5f02\u5316\u2019\u3002\u201d\u671b\u6708\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u5c06\u201c\u52b3\u52a8\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u5f02\u5316\u201d\u754c\u5b9a\u4e3a\u201c\u4e8b\u7269\u7684\u5f02\u5316\u201d\u7684\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u53c8\u6307\u51fa\u5f02\u5316\u52b3\u52a8\u201c\u4f7f\u81ea\u7136\u201d\u4e0e\u4eba\u76f8\u5f02\u5316\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6309\u7167\u9636 \u7ea7\u6279\u5224\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u89e3\u8bfb\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u201c\u2018\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u96c7\u4f63\u52b3\u52a8\u2019\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u4ea7\u54c1\u5f02\u5316\u5c31\u8981\u540c\u65f6\u89e3\u91ca\u6210\u611f\u6027\u7684\u5916\u90e8\u4e16\u754c=\u81ea\u7136\u5bf9\u8c61=\u81ea\u7136\u8fd9\u4e00\u8d2f\u7a7f\u6574\u4e2a\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u7684\u5f02\u5316\u201d\u3002[1]58 \u800c\u4ece\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u96c7\u4f63\u52b3\u52a8\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u5386\u53f2\u6027\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u89d2\u5ea6\u770b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u662f\u65e0\u6cd5\u6210\u7acb\u7684\u3002\u4e8e\u662f\uff0c\u671b\u6708\u8ffd\u95ee\uff1a\u201c\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u60f3\u7528\u2018\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u5f02\u5316\u2019\u6765\u8bf4\u660e\u4ec0\u4e48\u5462\uff1f\u201d\u671b\u6708\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u53bb\u6389 \u96c7\u4f63\u5de5\u4eba\u52b3\u52a8\u5f02\u5316\u7684\u201c\u6709\u8272\u773c\u955c\u201d\u7684\u906e\u853d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u5728\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u7684\u6587\u672c\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u201c\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u5f02\u5316\u201d\u5c31\u7b49\u4e8e\u201c\u4e8b\u7269\u7684\u5f02\u5316\u201d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u662f\u4eba\u4ece\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u4e2d\u72ec\u7acb\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u8fc7 \u7a0b\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u671f\u95f4\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u4eba\u7c7b\u52b3\u52a8\u662f\u6c38\u6052\u7684\uff0c\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u5236\u5ea6\u65e0\u5173\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4ed6\u53cd\u5bf9\u96c7\u4f63\u5de5\u4eba\u5f02\u5316\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u89c4\u5b9a\u662f\u4e0d\u80fd\u8bf4\u660e\u793e\u4f1a\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5230\u7b2c\u4e09\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\u201c\u7c7b\u201d\u4e2d \u4e5f\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u89c4\u5b9a\u4e2d\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u201c\u5b64\u7acb\u4eba\u201d\u7684\u903b\u8f91\uff0c\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u5173\u7cfb\u65e0\u5173\u3002\u96c7\u4f63\u5de5\u4eba\u7684\u5f02\u5316\u7406\u8bba\u5c06\u201c\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u201d\u7ffb\u8bd1\u5e76\u4e14\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u201c\u5de5\u4eba\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a \u201c\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u201d\u53ea\u662f\u201c\u4ece\u4e8b\u52b3\u52a8\u7684\u4eba\u201d\uff0c\u4e0e\u4ed6\u662f\u519c\u5974\u8fd8\u662f\u5de5\u4eba\u65e0\u5173\uff0c\u5c06\u5176\u4ec5\u4ec5\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u201c\u5de5\u4eba\u201d\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u8bef\u8bfb\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bef\u8bfb\u906e\u853d\u4e86\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u201c\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4f1a\u4e2d\u65ad\u2018\u7b2c\u4e00 \u624b\u7a3f\u2019\u7684\u5199\u4f5c\u800c\u5411\u300a\u7a46\u52d2\u8bc4\u6ce8\u300b\u4e2d\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u4ea4\u5f80\u5f02\u5316\u8fc2\u56de\uff1f\u5176\u7ed3\u679c\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4f1a\u4f7f\u2018\u7b2c\u4e09\u624b\u7a3f\u2019\u4e2d\u7684\u2018\u793e\u4f1a\u2019\u6982\u5ff5\u5f97\u5230\u5145\u5b9e\u5e76\u4e3a\u300a\u5fb7\u610f\u5fd7\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u300b\u5f00\u521b\u5e02\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u8ba4\u8bc6\u7684\u65b0 \u4e16\u754c\u5960\u5b9a\u57fa\u7840\uff1f\u201d[1]63\u4e0e\u5bf9\u7b2c\u4e00\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\u89e3\u8bfb\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u671b\u6708\u5bf9\u5f02\u5316\u52b3\u52a8\u7b2c\u4e8c\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\u89e3\u8bfb\uff0c\u4e5f\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e86\u4f20\u7edf\u89e3\u8bfb\u65b9\u6cd5\u4ec5\u4ec5\u770b\u5230\u52b3\u52a8\u5f02\u5316\u5bf9\u5de5\u4eba\u7684\u5265\u524a\u4e0e\u538b\u8feb\uff0c\u5bf9\u7406\u89e3 \u201c\u5f02\u5316\u52b3\u52a8\u201d\u9020\u6210\u7684\u906e\u853d\u3002\u671b\u6708\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5728\u5f02\u5316\u52b3\u52a8\u7684\u56db\u4e2a\u89c4\u5b9a\u4e2d\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u89c4\u5b9a\u770b\u4f3c\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u5374\u53ea\u6709\u5b83\u9610\u91ca\u4e86\u5de5\u4eba\u4e0e\u5f02\u5df1\u7684\u201c\u4e00\u4e2a\u522b\u4eba\u201d\u76f8\u5bf9\u7acb\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u201c\u522b\u4eba\u201d\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5 \u662f\u4f20\u7edf\u6240\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7684\u8d44\u672c\u5bb6\u3002\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u4f20\u7edf\u5bf9\u7b2c\u4e8c\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u6ca1\u6709\u770b\u5230\u7b2c\u4e8c\u89c4\u5b9a\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5305\u62ec\u4e86\u4e24\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5373\u201c\u2018\u81ea\u6211\u5f02\u5316\u2019\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u4e0e\u2018\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u5f02\u5316\u2019\u5728\u5185\u5bb9\u4e0a\u662f\u91cd\u5408\u7684\u3002 \u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u89c4\u5b9a\u662f\u7531\u53ef\u4ee5\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\u7b2c\u4e00\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\u2018\u6982\u62ec\u2019\u90e8\u5206\u4e0e\u770b\u4f3c\u5f3a\u8c03\u5de5\u4eba\u88ab\u2018\u4e00\u4e2a\u522b\u4eba\u2019\u5f7b\u5e95\u5974\u5f79\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u7ec4\u6210\u201d[1]70\u3002\u671b\u6708\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u4ece\u7b2c\u4e00\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\u201c\u5b64\u7acb \u4eba\u201d\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u5411\u7b2c\u4e09\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\u201c\u7c7b\u5b58\u5728\u201d\u63a8\u5bfc\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u201c\u5b64\u7acb\u7684\u4eba\u4e0e\u81ea\u7136\u76f8\u5bf9\u7acb\uff0c\u5b64\u7acb\u5730\u52b3\u52a8\u5e76\u5b64\u7acb\u5730\u4eab\u53d7\u201d[1]73\uff0c\u5b64\u7acb\u7684\u4eba\u4e4b\u95f4\u5e76\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u793e\u4f1a\u4ea4\u5f80\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a \u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u662f\u65e0\u6cd5\u4ece\u903b\u8f91\u4e0a\u63a8\u51fa\u7b2c\u4e8c\u89c4\u5b9a\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u5bf9\u5de5\u4eba\u8fdb\u884c\u5f3a\u5236\u52b3\u52a8\u7684\u201c\u4e00\u4e2a\u522b\u4eba\u201d\u4e0e\u5de5\u4eba\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u4ea7\u751f\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u201c\u79c1\u4eba\u6240\u6709\u201d\u4ece\u5916\u90e8\u4ecb\u5165\uff0c \u59a8\u788d\u5de5\u4eba\u626c\u5f03\u5916\u5316\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4f7f\u5916\u5316\u6c38\u6052\u4e86\u3002[1]74\u800c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u201c\u79c1\u4eba\u6240\u6709\u201d\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u89c4\u5b9a\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u9886\u6709\u201d[1]74\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u7531\u7b2c\u4e00\u89c4\u5b9a\u63a8\u8bba\u51fa\u6765\u3002\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u5728\u4e4b\u540e\u63d0\u51fa \u7684\u201c\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u6240\u6709\u201d\uff0c\u751f\u4ea7\u8005\u628a\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u4ea4\u7ed9\u793e\u4f1a\u6240\u6709\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b64\u5916\u5316=\u5f02\u5316\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u5373\u5c06\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u8f6c\u8ba9\u7ed9\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u800c\u6210\u4e3a\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u4e00\u5458\uff0c\u4e5f\u65e0\u6cd5\u89e3\u91ca\u975e\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u548c\u52b3\u52a8\u8005 \u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u5982\u4f55\u6210\u4e86\u7edf\u6cbb\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u7684\u975e\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u548c\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u8fd9\u9020\u6210\u4e86\u201c\u5f02\u5316\u52b3\u52a8\u201d\u7247\u65ad\u4e2d\u79c1\u4eba\u6240\u6709\u548c\u52b3\u52a8\u5f02\u5316\u7684\u5faa\u73af\u8bba\u8bc1\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u770b\u6cd5\u3002\u5f53\u7531\u6b64\u601d\u8def\u8d70\u5230\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e2a\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\u65f6 \u5019\uff0c\u66f4\u65e0\u6cd5\u89e3\u91ca\u5728\u7b2c\u4e09\u79cd\u5f02\u5316\u201c\u7c7b\u751f\u6d3b\u4e0e\u4e2a\u4eba\u751f\u6d3b\u5f02\u5316\u201d\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u201c\u4e2a\u4eba\u751f\u6d3b\u201d\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u4ece\u201c\u7c7b\u751f\u6d3b\u201d\u4e2d\u5265\u79bb\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7531\u6b64\uff0c\u671b\u6708\u53c8\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u4ece\u7b2c\u4e00\u89c4\u5b9a\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u8d70\u5230\u7b2c\u4e8c\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u201c\u4e2a\u4eba\u751f\u6d3b\u201d\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u4ece\u201c\u7c7b\u751f\u6d3b\u201d\u4e2d\u5265\u79bb\u7684\uff1f\u7f3a\u5931\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u73af\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f\u671b\u6708\u7684\u56de\u7b54\u662f\uff1a\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u5728\u300a\u7a46\u52d2\u8bc4\u6ce8\u300b\u4e2d\u89e3\u51b3\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u201c\u51b3\u5b9a\u6027\u7684\u98de\u8dc3\u201d\u3002[1]81<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u4e8c\u3001<\/strong><strong>\u201c<\/strong><strong>\u5929\u5811\u53d8\u901a\u9014<\/strong><strong>\u201d\u2014\u2014<\/strong><strong>\u300a\u7a46\u52d2\u8bc4\u6ce8\u300b\u4e2d\u7684<\/strong><strong>\u201c<\/strong><strong>\u793e\u4f1a\u4ea4\u5f80<\/strong><strong>\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u5728\u63a2\u8ba8\u5f02\u5316\u52b3\u52a8\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u3001\u7b2c\u4e8c\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u671b\u6708\u65e9\u5df2\u5728\u591a\u5904\u4e3a\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u300a\u7a46\u52d2\u8bc4\u6ce8\u300b\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5c55\u5f00\u57cb\u4e0b\u4e86\u4f0f\u7b14\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u5728\u8bd5\u56fe\u5bf9\u5f02\u5316\u52b3\u52a8\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u89c4\u5b9a\u8fdb\u884c\u9610\u8ff0\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u671b\u6708\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7b2c\u4e00\u89c4\u5b9a\u5f53\u4e2d\u201c\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u5f02\u5316\u201d\u4e0e\u4eba\u901a\u8fc7\u52b3\u52a8\u7684\u751f\u6210\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e16\u754c\u7531\u4e4b\u800c\u6765\u7684\u5b9e\u8df5\u751f\u6210\u8fd9\u4e24\u65b9\u9762 \u662f\u5f88\u96be\u6574\u5408\u8d77\u6765\u7684\u3002[1]67\u671b\u6708\u611f\u53f9\uff0c\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u7559\u7ed9\u6211\u4eec\u7406\u89e3\u7b2c\u4e00\u89c4\u5b9a\u6240\u5305\u542b\u7684\u77db\u76fe\u2014\u2014\u201c\u4eba\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u751f\u4ea7\u548c\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5f02\u5df1\u5316\u201d\u2014\u2014\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u4f9d\u636e\u201c\u5b9e\u5728\u662f\u592a\u5355\u8584\u4e86\u201d [1]67\u3002\u671b\u6708\u7684\u89e3\u9898\u79d8\u8bc0\u662f\uff1a\u201c\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u6b63\u662f\u5728\u8fde\u63a5\u81ea\u7136\u2014\u4ea7\u54c1\u2014\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u8fd9\u6761\u7ebf\u7684\u6700\u8106\u5f31\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u8bbe\u5b9a\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u4ea7\u54c1\u88ab\u4ed6\u4eba\u5265\u593a\u3001\u751a\u81f3\u8fde\u52b3\u52a8\u672c\u8eab\u4e5f\u88ab\u4ed6\u4eba\u5360 \u6709\u8fd9\u4e00\u6f5c\u5728\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4e3a\u4ece\u903b\u8f91\u4e0a\u8d70\u5411\u7b2c\u4e8c\u89c4\u5b9a\u7559\u4e0b\u4e86\u4f0f\u7b14\u7684\u3002\u201d[1]67\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u7981\u8981\u95ee\uff0c\u671b\u6708\u6240\u6307\u7684\u201c\u4f0f\u7b14\u201d\u7a76\u7adf\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5c55\u73b0\u7684\u5462\uff1f<\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u4eec \u770b\u5230\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u7531\u8fd9\u4e2a\u903b\u8f91\u4e0a\u201c\u5b64\u7acb\u7684\u4eba\u201d\u4e0e\u7b2c\u4e8c\u89c4\u5b9a\u201c\u81ea\u6211\u7684\u5f02\u5316\u201d\u7684\u4eba\u63a8\u5bfc\u51fa\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e2a\u89c4\u5b9a\u201c\u7c7b\u7684\u5f02\u5316\u201d\u73b0\u5728\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u671b\u6708\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u8bbe\u5b9a\u7684\u5fc5\u4fee\u8bfe\u4e86\u3002\u671b\u6708\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u5173 \u952e\u5728\u4e8e\u63a2\u7a76\u201c\u7b2c\u4e00\u89c4\u5b9a\u4e2d\u7a76\u7adf\u662f\u5426\u6f5c\u85cf\u7740\u4ea7\u751f\u2018\u4e00\u4e2a\u522b\u4eba\u2019\u7684\u5951\u673a\u201d\u3002[1]70\u4ed6\u7684\u56de\u7b54\u662f\u80af\u5b9a\u7684\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8d2f\u7a7f\u4eba\u7c7b\u5386\u53f2\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5e76\u4e3a\u4e4b\u5960\u5b9a\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u5316\u52b3\u52a8\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a \u5305\u542b\u4e86\u52b3\u52a8\u4e3b\u4f53\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u751f\u4ea7\u548c\u52b3\u52a8\u5bf9\u8c61\u5316\u53ca\u5176\u91cd\u65b0\u88ab\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u5360\u6709\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u4f46\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u201c\u79c1\u4eba\u6240\u6709\u201d\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u52b3\u52a8\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5bf9\u4e8e\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u800c\u8a00\u5219\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\u201c\u52b3\u52a8\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u4e27\u5931\u201d\uff0c\u5373\u5728 \u52b3\u52a8\u5916\u5316\u4e0e\u91cd\u65b0\u5360\u6709\u4e4b\u95f4\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u5206\u88c2\uff0c\u201c\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u5916\u5316\u7684\u5706\u73af\u5c06\u5c31\u6b64\u4e2d\u65ad\uff0c\u5bf9\u4ed6(\u52b3\u52a8\u8005)\u800c\u8a00\u2018\u5916\u5316\u7684\u626c\u5f03\u2019\u5c06\u6c38\u65e0\u53ef\u80fd\u201d[1]74\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u79c1\u4eba\u6240\u6709\u7684 \u963b\u9694\uff0c\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u5c06\u65e0\u6cd5\u987a\u5229\u5730\u91cd\u65b0\u5360\u6709\u5916\u5316\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u5e76\u5b8c\u6210\u5bf9\u52b3\u52a8\u5916\u5316\u7684\u626c\u5f03\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u963b\u788d\u4e86\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u5b9e\u73b0\u5916\u5316\u626c\u5f03\u7684\u201c\u79c1\u4eba\u6240\u6709\u201d\u4ece\u4f55\u5904\u6765\u5462\uff1f\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u610f\u5473\u7740\u52b3 \u52a8\u5916\u5316\u5c31\u662f\u79c1\u4eba\u6240\u6709\u7684\u6839\u6e90\u5462\uff1f\u524d\u9762\u7684\u5206\u6790\u5df2\u7ecf\u544a\u8bc9\u6211\u4eec\uff0c\u671b\u6708\u5bf9\u6b64\u662f\u6301\u5426\u5b9a\u6001\u5ea6\u7684\uff0c\u5728\u4ed6\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u52b3\u52a8\u5916\u5316\u53ea\u662f\u79c1\u4eba\u6240\u6709\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u89c4\u5b9a\u5728\u903b\u8f91\u4e0a\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728 \u4ea7\u751f\u201c\u79c1\u4eba\u6240\u6709\u201d\u7684\u5951\u673a\u3002[1]74\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u5728\u671b\u6708\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u6784\u6210\u201c\u79c1\u4eba\u6240\u6709\u201d\u8d56\u4ee5\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u903b\u8f91\u7f3a\u73af\u7a76\u7adf\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u5462\uff1f\u5f88\u663e\u7136\uff0c\u671b\u6708\u6240\u6709\u7684\u4f0f\u7b14\u548c\u6697\u793a\u90fd\u5bfc\u5411\u4e86\u5bf9 \u300a\u7a46\u52d2\u8bc4\u6ce8\u300b\u7684\u5256\u6790\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u671b\u6708\u9996\u5148\u5bf9\u300a\u7a46\u52d2\u8bc4\u6ce8\u300b\u7684\u201c\u7b2c\u4e00\u8bc4\u6ce8\u201d\u2465\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u5f15\u7528\u4e86\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u5728\u201c\u7b2c\u4e00\u8bc4\u6ce8\u201d\u5f00\u5934\u6240\u505a\u7684\u5bf9\u8d27\u5e01\u672c\u8d28\u7684\u8bba \u65ad\uff1a\u201c\u7a46\u52d2\u628a\u8d27\u5e01\u79f0\u4e3a\u4ea4\u6362\u7684\u4e2d\u4ecb(Vermittler)\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u975e\u5e38\u6210\u529f\u5730\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\u8868\u8fbe\u4e86\u4e8b\u60c5\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u3002\u8d27\u5e01\u7684\u672c\u8d28\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u4e0d\u5728\u4e8e\u8d22\u4ea7\u901a\u8fc7\u5b83\u8f6c\u8ba9\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u4e8e\u4eba \u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u8d56\u4ee5\u4e92\u76f8\u8865\u5145\u7684\u4e2d\u4ecb\u6d3b\u52a8\u6216\u4e2d\u4ecb\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u4eba\u7684\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u5f02\u5316\u4e86\u5e76\u6210\u4e3a\u5728\u4eba\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u4e1c\u897f\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u8d27\u5e01\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u3002\u201d[2]164-165\u636e\u6b64\uff0c\u671b\u6708\u8ba4 \u4e3a\uff0c\u5728\u300a\u7a46\u52d2\u8bc4\u6ce8\u300b\u4e2d\uff0c\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u5df2\u7ecf\u5728\u201c\u6240\u6709\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u8d27\u5e01\u201d\u4e4b\u95f4\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u201c\u8d27\u5e01\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u201d\u5728\u4e8e\u4e92\u76f8\u8865\u5145\u8fd9\u4e00\u201c\u4eba\u7684=\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u201d\u7684\u5f02\u5316=\u5916\u5316\u5f62 \u6001\u3002\u8d27\u5e01\u5145\u5f53\u4e86\u4eba\u4e0e\u4eba\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u4ea7\u54c1\u5f97\u4ee5\u4e92\u76f8\u8865\u5145\u7684\u4e2d\u4ecb\uff0c\u800c\u4e2d\u4ecb\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u5bf9\u201c\u6240\u6709\u201d\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u5df2\u7ecf\u8fbe\u5230\u4e86\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u6df1\u5ea6\uff1a\u4e2a\u4f53\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u4e92\u76f8\u8865\u5145\u5c31 \u65e0\u6cd5\u5b8c\u5584\u3002\u8fd9\u5728\u671b\u6708\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e86\u4e0d\u8d77\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u8dc3\u5347\uff1a\u5c31\u5bf9\u5e02\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u300a\u7a46\u52d2\u8bc4\u6ce8\u300b\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u4ece\u300a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u54f2\u5b66\u300b\u7b2c\u4e00\u624b\u7a3f\u4ee5\u201c\u5b64\u7acb\u4eba\u201d\u4e3a\u903b\u8f91\u652f\u70b9\u7684\u201c\u7c7b\u201d \u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5411\u4ee5\u76f8\u4e92\u8865\u5145\u7684\u4eba\u4e3a\u903b\u8f91\u652f\u70b9\u7684\u201c\u793e\u4f1a\u201d\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u98de\u5347\u3002[1]83\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u98de\u5347\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u4e5f\u4e3a\u671b\u6708\u627e\u5230\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7684\u201c\u903b\u8f91\u7f3a\u73af\u201d\u6307\u660e\u4e86\u65b9\u5411\uff0c\u201c\u79c1\u4eba\u6240\u6709\u201d\u7684 \u4ea7\u751f\u4e0e\u8fd9\u79cd\u4eba\u4eec\u4e92\u76f8\u8865\u5145\u7684\u201c\u793e\u4f1a\u201d\u4e4b\u95f4\u53c8\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u6837\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u5462\uff1f\u8fd9\u5fc5\u5c06\u5e26\u6765\u5bf9\u201c\u79c1\u4eba\u6240\u6709\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u76f8\u4e92\u8865\u5145\u201d=\u201c\u4ea4\u6362\u201d\u903b\u8f91\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u8003\u5bdf\u3002\u671b\u6708\u6307\u51fa\uff1a\u201c\u2018\u6240\u6709\u2019\u5e76\u4e0d \u662f\u4e00\u4e0b\u5b50\u5c31\u5916\u5316\u4e3a\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4ef7\u503c\u5757\u7684\u8d27\u5e01\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e92\u76f8\u8865\u5145\u7684\u7c7b\u6d3b\u52a8\u548c\u7c7b\u751f\u6d3b\u2026\u2026\u9996\u5148\u88ab\u5f02\u5316\u3002\u201d[1]83\u662f\u4e92\u76f8\u8865\u5145\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\u88ab\u5f02\u5316\u4e86\uff0c\u624d\u6709\u201c\u79c1\u4eba\u6240\u6709\u201d\u7684\u4ea7\u751f\u3002\u56e0 \u6b64\uff0c\u8981\u5b9e\u73b0\u201c\u4eba\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u4ea7\u54c1\u201d\u7684\u4e92\u76f8\u8865\u5145\uff0c\u79c1\u4eba\u6240\u6709\u4f53\u7cfb\u5c31\u5fc5\u987b\u901a\u8fc7\u8d27\u5e01\u7684\u201c\u4e2d\u4ecb\u201d\u529b\u91cf\u624d\u80fd\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u4e92\u76f8\u8865\u5145\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\u53c8\u662f\u600e\u4e48\u5f02\u5316\u7684 \u5462\uff1f\u671b\u6708\u628a\u201c\u4ea4\u6362\u201d\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u63a8\u5230\u4e86\u903b\u8f91\u7684\u8d77\u70b9\u4e0a\u3002\u4ed6\u8ffd\u95ee\uff0c\u201c\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u79c1\u4eba\u6240\u6709\u7684\u2018\u4eba\u7684\u6240\u6709\u2019\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u91cc\uff0c\u4e92\u76f8\u8865\u5145\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\u53c8\u4f1a\u91c7\u53d6\u4f55\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\u548c\u7ed3\u6784\u5462\uff1f\u201d[1]83 \u671b\u6708\u6ca1\u6709\u7acb\u5373\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u7ed9\u51fa\u7b54\u6848\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bbe\u95ee\u5f15\u51fa\u4ed6\u6700\u4e3a\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u8bba\u65ad\u4e4b\u4e00\uff1a\u201c\u5982\u679c\u628a\u2018\u6240\u6709\u2019\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u5148\u9a8c\u7684\uff0c\u5728\u903b\u8f91\u4e0a\u5c31\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u8d70\u5230\u6240\u6709\u7269\u7684\u2018\u4e92\u76f8\u8865\u5145\u2019= \u2018\u4ea4\u6362\u2019\u8fd9\u4e00\u6b65\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5fc5\u987b\u8981\u9996\u5148\u5c06\u7406\u8bba\u51fa\u53d1\u70b9\u8bbe\u5b9a\u4e3a\u2018\u4ea4\u6362\u2019\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ea4\u6362\u672c\u6765\u5c31\u53cd\u6620\u7740\u591a\u6570\u4eba\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11\u662f\u4e24\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u8054\u7cfb\u3002\u201d\u5f88\u663e\u7136\uff0c\u5728\u671b\u6708\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u4e2d\uff0c\u201c\u793e\u4f1a\u8054 \u7cfb\u201d\u8fdc\u6bd4\u7b2c\u4e00\u624b\u7a3f\u4e2d\u201c\u5b64\u7acb\u4eba\u201d\u7684\u62bd\u8c61\u6765\u5f97\u5177\u4f53\u3001\u6765\u5f97\u6df1\u523b\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\uff0c\u5728\u671b\u6708\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u624b\u7a3f\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u52b3\u52a8\u662f\u4eba\u7684\u751f\u547d\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u7ad9\u5728\u5b64\u7acb\u4eba\u7acb\u573a\u4e0a\u5bf9\u52b3\u52a8\u7684 \u7406\u89e3\u201d[1]85\u3002\u800c\u300a\u7a46\u52d2\u8bc4\u6ce8\u300b\u7684\u201c\u5173\u952e\u601d\u60f3\u201d\u5728\u4e8e\uff0c\u201c\u5728\u88ab\u5916\u5316\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\u548c\u5916\u5316\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5c42\u6b21\u4e0a\uff0c\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u4e24\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u4eba\u548c\u4eba\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u8054\u7cfb=\u4e2d\u4ecb\u201d [1]84\u3002\u5f53\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u628a\u8d27\u5e01\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e2d\u4ecb\u89c6\u4e3a\u79c1\u4eba\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5916\u5316\u5f62\u6001\u65f6\uff0c\u671b\u6708\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u8fd9\u4fbf\u610f\u5473\u7740\uff0c\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u201c\u5c06\u52b3\u52a8\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u63d0\u5347\u4e3a\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u2018\u751f\u4ea7\u2019\u2014\u2014\u5176\u4e2d\u5fc5\u7136\u5305\u62ec\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684 \u4ea4\u6362\u2014\u2014\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u6c34\u5e73\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5\u6b64\u6765\u63ed\u793a\u7c7b\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u201d[1]85\u3002\u8fdb\u800c\uff0c\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u53c8\u5c06\u201c\u7c7b\u6d3b\u52a8\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\u201d\u7b49\u540c\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u5728\u201c\u793e\u4f1a\u201d\u4e2d\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u8d27\u5e01\u7684\u4e2d\u4ecb\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c \u4eba\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u901a\u8fc7\u201c\u4ea4\u6362\u201d\u5f97\u4ee5\u4e92\u76f8\u8865\u5145\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u8865\u5145\uff0c\u5728\u52b3\u52a8\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\u201c\u534f\u4f5c\u201d\uff0c\u5373\u793e\u4f1a\u89c4\u6a21\u4e0a\u7684\u201c\u5206\u5de5\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u201c\u5206\u5de5\u201d\u548c\u201c\u4ea4\u6362\u201d\u90fd\u662f\u5e02\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u8868\u73b0\u3002\u636e\u6b64\uff0c\u671b \u6708\u65ad\u5b9a\uff0c\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u5df2\u7ecf\u7531\u7b2c\u4e00\u624b\u7a3f\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u7c7b\u201d\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u5927\u6b65\u5411\u524d\u8d70\uff0c\u627e\u5230\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u201c\u793e\u4f1a\u201d\u6982\u5ff5\u4e86\u3002[1]85<\/p>\n<p>\u81f3\u6b64\uff0c\u671b\u6708\u4ece\u300a\u7a46\u52d2\u8bc4\u6ce8\u300b\u4e2d\u6316\u6398\u51fa \u4e86\u201c\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u4e92\u76f8\u8865\u5145\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\u201d\u8fd9\u4e00\u5173\u952e\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5c06\u201c\u4ea4\u6362\u201d\u8bbe\u5b9a\u4e3a\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u51fa\u53d1\u70b9\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u4ee5\u201c\u793e\u4f1a\u8054\u7cfb\u201d\u7684\u4eba\u53d6\u4ee3\u4e86\u201c\u5b64\u7acb\u4eba\u201d\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u610f\u56fe\uff0c\u4e3a\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u5f15\u51fa \u201c\u793e\u4f1a\u4ea4\u5f80\u201d\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u505a\u597d\u4e86\u94fa\u57ab\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e0e\u671b\u6708\u5bf9\u5e02\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u606f\u606f\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u3002\u65e5\u672c\u5b66\u8005\u6751\u4e0a\u4fca\u4ecb\u5c31\u6307\u51fa\uff1a\u201c\u671b\u6708\u7684\u5e02\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u8bba\u6240\u5f3a\u8c03\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u8ddf\u7edf\u6cbb\u5f62\u5f0f\u65e0\u5173\uff0c \u4eba\u5728\u5206\u5de5\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\u52b3\u52a8\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u52b3\u52a8\u548c\u4ea4\u6362\u5173\u7cfb\u624d\u662f\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u5e02\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\uff0c\u6240\u8c13\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u4e00\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u5c55\u5f00\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u201d[3]29\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u671b\u6708\u4f1a\u53bb\u300a\u7a46\u52d2\u7b14\u8bb0\u300b \u4e2d\u5bfb\u627e\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u5173\u4e8e\u201c\u5173\u7cfb\u201d\u7684\u8bba\u8ff0\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u671b\u6708\u7528\u6765\u89e3\u7b54\u90a3\u201c\u7f3a\u5931\u7684\u4e00\u73af\u201d\u7684\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u300a\u7a46\u52d2\u8bc4\u6ce8\u300b\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u793e\u4f1a\u4ea4\u5f80\u201d\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u671b\u6708\u662f \u8fd9\u6837\u7406\u89e3\u201c\u4ea4\u5f80\u201d\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u53ca\u5176\u548c\u201c\u4ea4\u6362\u201d\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u2014\u2014\u201c\u6240\u8c13\u2018\u4ea4\u5f80\u2019\u662f\u8d2f\u7a7f\u6574\u4e2a\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u7c7b\u7684\u4e92\u76f8\u8865\u5145\u884c\u4e3a\u548c\u4eba\u7684=\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u79c1\u4eba\u6240\u6709\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff0c\u5b83\u624d\u8868 \u73b0\u4e3a\u5e26\u6709\u4e86\u67d0\u79cd\u7279\u6b8a\u542b\u4e49\u7684\u2018\u4ea4\u6362\u2019\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8bf4\u2018\u52b3\u52a8\u2019\u662f\u4eba\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u7684\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u2018\u4ea4\u5f80\u2019\u5c31\u4e0e\u4eba\u5728\u7c7b\u89c4\u6a21\u4e0a\u7684\u2018\u52b3\u52a8\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5206\u5272\u2019\u3002\u201d[1]91\u4ea4\u5f80\u662f\u4e2a\u522b\u52b3\u52a8\u5bf9 \u603b\u4f53\u7684\u6682\u65f6\u5206\u5272\u548c\u7edf\u5408\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e00\u4e2a\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5206\u5de5(\u52b3\u52a8\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5206\u5272)\u548c\u5206\u914d=\u4ea4\u5f80(\u52b3\u52a8\u7684\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u7ed3\u5408)\u662f\u5fc5\u4e0d\u53ef\u5c11\u7684\u3002[1]96\u4e2a\u4eba\u5c06\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u5148 \u201c\u8f6c\u8ba9\u201d\u7ed9\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u6240\u6709\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u518d\u4ece\u5171\u6709\u8d22\u4ea7\u4e2d\u4eab\u53d7\u4e2a\u4f53\u6240\u9700\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u8d44\u6599\u3002\u5728\u5e02\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff0c\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u4ea4\u5f80\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u5f02\u5316\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u4ea4\u5f80\u7684\u5916\u5316=\u8f6c\u8ba9\u7684\u73af\u8282\u53d1\u751f\u4e86 \u5f02\u5316\uff0c\u5373\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\u5206\u5de5\u548c\u4ea4\u6362\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u7740\u5546\u54c1\u4ea4\u6362\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\uff0c\u79c1\u4eba\u6240\u6709\u624d\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u5236\u4e00\u65e6\u53d8\u6210\u79c1\u4eba\u6240\u6709\u8fd9\u4e00\u65b0\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5236\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u4e2a\u4f53\u5c31\u4f1a\u4ece\u7c7b\u4e2d\u8131\u79bb\u51fa\u53bb\u3002 [1]92\u671b\u6708\u4ee5\u6b64\u8bba\u8bc1\uff0c\u79c1\u4eba\u6240\u6709\u7684\u4ea7\u751f\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u52b3\u52a8\u5916\u5316\uff0c\u66f4\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u201c\u4ea4\u6362\u201d\uff0c\u662f\u5728\u5e02\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\uff0c\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u7684\u5f02\u5316\u5386\u53f2\u7406\u8bba\u4e5f\u662f\u201c\u5e02\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u201d\u4ee5\u53ca \u201c\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u201d\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u7406\u8bba\u3002[1]98\u4e8e\u662f\uff0c\u671b\u6708\u4e5f\u5c31\u89e3\u51b3\u4e86\u672c\u6587\u5f00\u5934\u6240\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5373\u671b\u6708\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5728\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u7406\u8bba\u4e2d\u4e00\u4ee5\u8d2f\u4e4b\u7684\u201c\u5e02\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u201d\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u5728\u300a\u624b\u7a3f\u300b\u4e2d \u7684\u6d88\u5931\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u671b\u6708\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u5f02\u5316\u7406\u8bba\u6070\u6070\u5c31\u662f\u201c\u5e02\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u201d\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u6df1\u5316\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u5b83\u7684\u6d88\u5931\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u4e09\u3001\u5e7b\u8c61\u4e2d\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u4e4b\u821e\uff1a\u5bf9\u671b\u6708\u89e3\u8bfb\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u51e0\u70b9\u7591\u601d<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u671b\u6708\u5bf9\u5f02\u5316\u52b3\u52a8\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u903b\u8f91\u5de5\u6574\uff0c\u5c42\u5c42\u76f8\u6263\uff0c\u8bba\u8ff0\u975e\u5e38\u7684\u7384\u5965\u7cbe\u5f69\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u65e0\u61c8\u53ef\u51fb\u7684\u3002\u672c\u6587\u8bd5\u4ece\u4e09\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u6765\u5206\u6790\u4e00\u4e0b\u671b\u6708\u7684\u7406\u8bba\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e00\uff0c\u6279\u5224\u201c\u5b64\u7acb\u4eba\u201d\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u9884\u8bbe\u53ca\u5bf9\u5f02\u5316\u52b3\u52a8\u7684\u91cd\u6784\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u671b\u6708\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5f02\u5316\u52b3\u52a8\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u201c\u7b2c\u4e00\u89c4\u5b9a\u201d\u662f\u903b\u8f91\u7684\u8d77\u70b9\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u201c\u5b64\u7acb\u4eba\u201d\u7684\u903b\u8f91\uff0c\u5f02\u5316\u662f\u81ea\u6211\u5f02\u5316\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e3b\u4f53\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u7f3a\u4e4f\u793e\u4f1a\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u4ece\u4ed6\u6240\u63d0\u51fa\u7684 \u201c\u52b3\u52a8\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u5f02\u5316=\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u5f02\u5316=\u4e8b\u7269\u7684\u5f02\u5316\u201d\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u89c4\u5b9a\u4e2d\u4f3c\u4e4e\u53ea\u6709\u5b64\u7acb\u4eba\u4e0e\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u4e0e\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u800c\u6ca1\u6709\u201c\u5173\u7cfb\u201d\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u56e0\u800c\u671b\u6708\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u300a\u7a46\u52d2\u8bc4 \u6ce8\u300b\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u793e\u4f1a\u4ea4\u5f80\u201d\u6070\u6070\u662f\u5bf9\u5f02\u5316\u52b3\u52a8\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u8865\u5145\uff0c\u800c\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u5728\u300a\u7a46\u52d2\u8bc4\u6ce8\u300b\u4e2d\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u201c\u4ea4\u5f80\u5f02\u5316\u201d\u56e0\u4e3a\u6bd4\u201c\u52b3\u52a8\u5f02\u5316\u201d\u591a\u4e86\u201c\u5173\u7cfb\u201d\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u514b\u670d\u4e86\u201c\u5b64\u7acb\u4eba\u201d \u7684\u903b\u8f91\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6bd4\u540e\u8005\u66f4\u9ad8\u660e\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u5176\u5c06\u300a\u7a46\u52d2\u8bc4\u6ce8\u300b\u5730\u4f4d\u62ac\u9ad8\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u6b64\u65f6\u771f\u7684\u6ca1\u6709\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u201c\u5173\u7cfb\u201d\u5417\uff1f\u7b14\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u89c2\u70b9 \u662f\u7ad9\u4e0d\u4f4f\u811a\u7684\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u6709\u5b66\u8005\u6307\u51fa\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u663e\u7136\u65e0\u6cd5\u9762\u5bf9\u5982\u4e0b\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u201c\u8fde\u8d39\u5c14\u5df4\u54c8\u90fd\u77e5\u9053\u4ece\u5173\u7cfb\u6001\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u7406\u89e3\u4eba\u7684\u7c7b\u672c\u8d28\uff0c\u5e76\u8fdb\u800c\u628a\u2018\u7c7b\u5b58\u5728\u2019\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u2018\u7c7b\u5173 \u7cfb\u2019\uff0c\u96be\u9053\u53d7\u5176\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u5728\u300a1844\u5e74\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u54f2\u5b66\u624b\u7a3f\u300b\u4e2d\u4f1a\u4ee5\u5b64\u7acb\u4eba\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u800c\u843d\u540e\u4e8e\u8d39\u5c14\u5df4\u54c8\u672c\u4eba\u4e48\uff1f\u201d[4]\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u662f\u5728\u8d85\u8d8a\u4e86\u8d39\u5c14\u5df4\u54c8\u7684\u9759\u6001 \u7684\u611f\u6027\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u5c42\u9762\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u4e86\u8d39\u5c14\u5df4\u54c8\u7684\u5bf9\u4eba\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u7684\u201c\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u6001\u7406\u89e3\u201d\u8fbe\u5230\u81ea\u7531\u81ea\u89c9\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u7684\u5c42\u9762\u6765\u5efa\u6784\u201c\u4e00\u79cd\u6df1\u5c42\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u6001\u7406\u89e3\u6a21\u5f0f\u201d[4]\u3002\u9a6c\u514b \u601d\u6ca1\u6709\u76f4\u63a5\u4ece\u201c\u5173\u7cfb\u201d\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u7b80\u5355\u6307\u8ba4\u793e\u4f1a\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u4eba\u4e0e\u4eba\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u7269\u5316\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u7ad9\u5728\u5de5\u4eba\u9636\u7ea7\u7684\u7acb\u573a\u4e0a\uff0c\u5173\u6ce8\u5de5\u4eba\u4ee5\u53ca\u975e\u5de5\u4eba\u7684\u5f02\u5316\u72b6\u51b5\u3002\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u662f\u7ad9\u5728\u52a8\u6001\u7684\u52b3 \u52a8\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u7acb\u573a\u4e0a\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5b64\u7acb\u7684\u4e2a\u4f53\u4e0e\u4e2a\u4f53\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u4e0a\uff0c\u8003\u5bdf\u5de5\u4eba\u4e0e\u975e\u5de5\u4eba\u5728\u52b3\u52a8\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u5f02\u5316\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6b63\u5982\u53e6\u6709\u5b66\u8005\u6240\u6307\u51fa\u7684\uff0c\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u5f02\u5316\u52b3 \u52a8\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u91cd\u89c4\u5b9a\u662f\uff1a\u201c\u5de5\u4eba\u5bf9\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u5c31\u662f\u5bf9\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f02\u5df1\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u201d[2]52\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u201c\u5de5\u4eba\u201d\u7684\u6307\u79f0\uff0c\u80af\u5b9a\u662f\u6307\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u96c7\u4f63\u52b3\u52a8\u4e0b\u7684\u52b3\u52a8 \u8005\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u600e\u4e48\u4f1a\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u201c\u5de5\u4eba\u201d\u5462\uff1f\u79bb\u5f00\u4e86\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u96c7\u4f63\u52b3\u52a8\u80cc\u666f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u4e0d\u4f1a\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u201c\u5de5\u4eba\u201d\u7684\u3002\u671b\u6708\u628a\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u5173\u4e8e\u201c\u5f02\u5316\u201d\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u89c4\u5b9a\u7b49\u4e8e\u201c\u81ea\u7136\u7684 \u5f02\u5316\u201d\u540e\uff0c\u201c\u5de5\u4eba\u201d\u5c31\u88ab\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u793e\u4f1a\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u201c\u5b64\u7acb\u7684\u4eba\u201d\u4e86\u3002[1]73\u5982\u6b64\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u80fd\u5c06\u7b2c\u4e00\u89c4\u5b9a\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u201c\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u89c4\u5b9a\u201d\uff0c\u671b\u6708\u6e05\u53f8\u7684\u8fd9\u79cd\u7406 \u89e3\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7275\u5f3a\u9644\u4f1a\u3002\u671b\u6708\u6e05\u53f8\u628a\u201c\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u5f02\u5316\u201d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8131\u79bb\u4e86\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u96c7\u4f63\u52b3\u52a8\u80cc\u666f\uff0c\u5f53\u505a\u201c\u624b\u7a3f\u201d\u7684\u201c\u5f02\u5316\u201d\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u89c4\u5b9a\u53bb\u89e3\u91ca\u5728\u5b66\u7406\u4e0a\u662f\u7f3a\u9677\u7684\uff0c\u5b9e\u8d28\u4e0a\uff0c\u201c\u81ea\u7136 \u7684\u5f02\u5316\u201d\u9996\u5148\u5e94\u662f\u6279\u5224\u5c3a\u5ea6\u6240\u5305\u542b\u7684\u8fa9\u8bc1\u903b\u8f91\u6db5\u9879\uff0c\u5728\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\u73b0\u5b9e\u5730\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u201c\u5de5\u4eba\u4e0e\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u4ea7\u54c1\u76f8\u5f02\u5316\u201d\u3002[5]24-26<\/p>\n<p>\u53ef \u89c1\uff0c\u671b\u6708\u4ece\u201c\u5b64\u7acb\u4eba\u201d\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u5fc5\u5c06\u4f7f\u4ed6\u5bf9\u6574\u4e2a\u5f02\u5316\u52b3\u52a8\u7406\u8bba\u8fdb\u884c\u91cd\u6784\u3002\u4ed6\u5c06\u7b2c\u4e00\u89c4\u5b9a\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5f02\u5316\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u91cd\u5fc3\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u89c4\u5b9a\u4e5f\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\u8865\u5145\uff0c\u7b14\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4ed6 \u8d2c\u4f4e\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e8c\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u5728\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u52b3\u52a8\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u5f02\u5316\u6839\u6e90\u4e8e\u52b3\u52a8\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u5f02\u5316\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u89c4\u5b9a\u6839\u6e90\u4e8e\u7b2c\u4e8c\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u76f8\u53cd\u3002\u7b80\u800c\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u201c\u52b3\u52a8\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u5f02\u5316\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u51dd\u7ed3 \u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u5f02\u5316\u3001\u5916\u5316\u800c\u5df2\u201d[6]158\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u671b\u6708\u7684\u91cd\u6784\u8d70\u5230\u5f02\u5316\u52b3\u52a8\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u7b2c\u56db\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5c31\u66f4\u660e\u663e\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0c\u5931\u843d\u7684\u201c\u5f02\u5316\u52b3\u52a8\u201d\u7b2c\u56db\u89c4\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u671b\u6708\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u201c\u5f02\u5316\u52b3\u52a8\u201d\u7684\u56db\u4e2a\u89c4\u5b9a\u4e2d\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u89c4\u5b9a\u662f\u201c\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u5f02\u5316=\u4e8b\u7269\u7684\u5f02\u5316\u201d\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u89c4\u5b9a\u662f\u201c\u81ea\u6211\u5f02\u5316\u201d\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e2a\u89c4\u5b9a\u662f\u201c\u7c7b\u672c\u8d28\u201d\u7684\u5f02\u5316\uff0c\u201c\u5b64\u7acb \u4eba\u201d\u53ea\u80fd\u89e3\u91ca\u7b2c\u4e00\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u89c4\u5b9a\u4e43\u81f3\u7b2c\u4e09\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u524d\u4e09\u9879\u89c4\u5b9a\u90fd\u662f\u4ece\u4eba\u4e0e\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u51fa\u53d1\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u903b\u8f91\uff0c\u671b\u6708\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e0d\u80fd\u89e3\u91ca\u7b2c\u56db\u89c4\u5b9a\u4e86\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8bf4\u201c\u5728\u8fd9 \u56db\u4e2a\u5f02\u5316\u89c4\u5b9a\u6216\u8005\u8bf4\u5f02\u5316\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff0c\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u5bf9(3)\u548c(4)\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u5c55\u5f00\u8bba\u8ff0\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u6709\u65f6\u5bf9\u5b83\u4eec\u90fd\u4e0d\u505a\u533a\u5206\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u89c4\u5b9a\u4e0e\u7b2c\u4e00\u548c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u89c4\u5b9a\u5e76\u4e0d\u5904\u4e8e\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6c34\u5e73\u4e0a\u201d [1]54\uff0c\u7ed5\u5f00\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e09\u3001\u7b2c\u56db\u89c4\u5b9a\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u89e3\u8bfb\uff0c\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u5e26\u7740\u76ee\u7684\u8bba\u8272\u5f69\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6709\u610f\u5730\u5ffd\u7565\uff1f\u56e0\u4e3a\uff0c\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u5728\u5173\u4e8e\u7b2c\u56db\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\u8bba\u8ff0\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u5927\u91cf\u5173\u4e8e\u4eba\u4e0e\u4eba\u7684\u5173 \u7cfb\u7684\u8bba\u8ff0\uff0c\u4ed6\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u505c\u7559\u5728\u4eba\u4e0e\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u6765\u8bba\u8ff0\u5f02\u5316\u52b3\u52a8\u4e86\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u201c\u4eba\u7684\u5f02\u5316\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u5730\u8bf4\uff0c\u4eba\u5bf9\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u901a\u8fc7\u4eba\u5bf9\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u624d\u5f97\u5230\u5b9e\u73b0\u548c\u8868 \u73b0\u201d[2]59\u3002\u8fd8\u6709\uff0c\u201c\u5982\u679c\u52b3\u52a8\u4ea7\u54c1\u4e0d\u5c5e\u4e8e\u5de5\u4eba\uff0c\u5e76\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u5f02\u5df1\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u540c\u5de5\u4eba\u76f8\u5bf9\u7acb\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8fd9\u53ea\u80fd\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u4ea7\u54c1\u5c5e\u4e8e\u5de5\u4eba\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u4ed6\u4eba\u201d\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u8fd8\u63d0\u5230\u4e00 \u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u547d\u9898\uff1a\u201c\u4eba\u5bf9\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u53ea\u6709\u901a\u8fc7\u4ed6\u5bf9\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u624d\u6210\u4e3a\u5bf9\u4ed6\u6765\u8bf4\u662f\u5bf9\u8c61\u6027\u7684\u3001\u73b0\u5b9e\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u201d\u5e76\u4e14\u201c\u4eba\u540c\u81ea\u8eab\u548c\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u81ea\u6211\u5f02\u5316\uff0c\u90fd\u8868\u73b0\u5728\u4ed6\u4f7f \u81ea\u8eab\u548c\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u8ddf\u53e6\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e0e\u4ed6\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4eba\u6240\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u4e0a\u201d\u3002\u5728\u5bf9\u7b2c\u56db\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\u8bba\u8ff0\u4e2d\uff0c\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ece\u5de5\u4eba\u65b9\u9762\u8003\u5bdf\u5f02\u5316\u52b3\u52a8\uff0c\u8fd8\u4ece\u975e\u5de5\u4eba\u7684\u65b9\u9762\u8bba\u8ff0\u4e86\u2014\u2014\u201c\u5de5\u4eba\u5bf9\u52b3\u52a8 \u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u751f\u4ea7\u51fa\u8d44\u672c\u5bb6\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u52b3\u52a8\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u201d[2]60-61\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u7edd\u975e\u6ca1\u6709\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u201c\u5173\u7cfb\u201d\uff0c\u4ed6\u53ea\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u505c\u7559\u5728\u5bf9\u201c\u5173\u7cfb\u201d\u7684\u6307\u8ba4\u4e0a\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5728\u52b3\u52a8\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e4b\u4e2d \u63a2\u5bfb\u5f02\u5316\u7684\u751f\u6210\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u4e3a\u4e4b\u540e\u4ed6\u8d70\u5411\u5bf9\u5f02\u5316\u52b3\u52a8\u7684\u73b0\u5b9e\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u8003\u5bdf\u6253\u4e0b\u4e86\u57fa\u7840\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u671b\u6708\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u7ed5\u5f00\u4e86\u7b2c\u56db\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u4e0e\u4ed6\u5bf9\u300a\u7a46\u52d2\u8bc4\u6ce8\u300b\u7684\u8bc4\u4ef7\u6709\u7740 \u5bc6\u5207\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4ed6\u6ca1\u6709\u770b\u5230\u5f02\u5316\u52b3\u52a8\u7684\u7b2c\u56db\u89c4\u5b9a\u4e2d\u8574\u6db5\u7740\u7684\u5bf9\u201c\u5173\u7cfb\u201d\u7684\u628a\u63e1\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u770b\u5230\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u5df2\u7ecf\u5728\u8bba\u8ff0\u7684\u4eba\u4e0e\u4eba\u5728\u52b3\u52a8\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6025\u4e8e\u5728\u300a\u7a46\u52d2\u8bc4\u6ce8\u300b\u4e2d \u5bfb\u627e\u901a\u8fc7\u201c\u793e\u4f1a\u4ea4\u5f80\u201d\u5c55\u5f00\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4ee5\u8865\u5145\u4ed6\u6240\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7684\u201c\u5f02\u5316\u52b3\u52a8\u201d\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u7f3a\u5931\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u300a\u7a46\u52d2\u8bc4\u6ce8\u300b\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u793e\u4f1a\u4ea4\u5f80\u201d\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u771f\u7684\u662f\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u7ee7\u201c\u5f02\u5316\u52b3\u52a8\u201d\u7406\u8bba\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u4e00\u7247\u201c\u65b0\u5929\u5730\u201d\u5417\uff1f\u6211\u4eec\u56de\u5230\u300a\u7a46\u52d2\u8bc4\u6ce8\u300b\u672c\u8eab\u6765\u770b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e09\uff0c\u300a\u7a46\u52d2\u8bc4\u6ce8\u300b\u7684\u542f\u793a\uff1a\u201c\u793e\u4f1a\u4ea4\u5f80\u201d\u8fd8\u662f\u201c\u8c0b\u751f\u52b3\u52a8\u201d\uff1f<\/p>\n<p>\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u770b\u300a\u7a46\u52d2\u8bc4\u6ce8\u300b\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5f02\u5316\u52b3\u52a8\u7406\u8bba\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5176\u6700\u6709\u4ef7\u503c\u4e4b\u5904\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u671b\u6708\u4e00\u76f4\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u201c\u793e\u4f1a\u4ea4\u5f80\u201d\u3002\u5728\u300a\u7a46\u52d2\u8bc4\u6ce8\u300b\u4e2d\uff0c\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\u5bf9\u8c61\u786e\u5b9e\u7531\u52b3\u52a8\u5f02 \u5316\u8f6c\u5411\u4e86\u4ea4\u6362\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u8f6c\u5411\u4e86\u5bf9\u4ea4\u5f80\u5f02\u5316\u7684\u6279\u5224\u3002\u671b\u6708\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u201c\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u4e24\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u4eba\u548c\u4eba\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u8054\u7cfb=\u4e2d\u4ecb\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u300a\u7a46\u52d2\u8bc4\u6ce8\u300b\u7684\u5173\u952e\u601d\u60f3\u3002\u201d\u4e2d\u4ecb\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c \u671b\u6708\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4ece\u201c\u5173\u7cfb\u201d\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u662f\u300a\u7a46\u52d2\u8bc4\u6ce8\u300b\u8d85\u8d8a\u4e8e\u300a\u624b\u7a3f\u300b\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u8d77\u70b9\u3002\u751a\u81f3\u8bf4\u8981\u201c\u9996\u5148\u5c06\u7406\u8bba\u51fa\u53d1\u70b9\u8bbe\u5b9a\u4e3a\u2018\u4ea4\u6362\u2019\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ea4\u6362\u672c\u6765\u5c31\u53cd\u6620\u7740\u591a\u6570\u4eba\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11 \u662f\u4e24\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u8054\u7cfb\u201d[1]83\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u5728\u300a\u7a46\u52d2\u8bc4\u6ce8\u300b\u4e2d\u4e5f\u8bf4\u5230\u201c\u4ea4\u6362\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u662f\u52b3\u52a8\u6210\u4e3a\u76f4\u63a5\u8c0b\u751f\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u201d[2]174\u2014\u2014\u201c\u8c0b\u751f\u52b3\u52a8\u201d\u800c\u4e0d\u662f \u201c\u4ea4\u6362\u201d\uff0c\u624d\u662f\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u6b64\u65f6\u7684\u51fa\u53d1\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u300a\u624b\u7a3f\u300b\u4e2d\uff0c\u201c\u52b3\u52a8\u201d\u662f\u5177\u6709\u62bd\u8c61\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u7b3c\u7f69\u5728\u4eba\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u6846\u67b6\u4e4b\u4e0b\u7684\uff0c\u5982\u5b59\u4f2f\u9368\u5148\u751f\u6307\u51fa\u7684\uff0c\u5f53 \u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u5728\u300a\u624b\u7a3f\u300b\u4e2d\u201c\u628a\u52b3\u52a8\u770b\u4f5c\u4eba\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u6307\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u79cd\u52b3\u52a8\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u6307\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u5386\u53f2\u9636\u6bb5\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u73b0\u5b9e\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u62bd\u8c61\u5730\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\uff0c\u662f\u52b3 \u52a8\u672c\u8eab\u201d[6]164\u3002\u90a3\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u4eba\u201d\uff0c\u6307\u7684\u662f\u6446\u8131\u4e86\u4e00\u5207\u73b0\u5b9e\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u6700\u7ec8\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u7406\u60f3\u793e\u4f1a\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u300a\u7a46\u52d2\u8bc4\u6ce8\u300b\u4e0e\u300a\u624b\u7a3f\u300b\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u4e4b\u5904\uff0c\u5c31\u5728\u4e8e \u5c06\u8fd9\u79cd\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u3001\u7406\u60f3\u5316\u7684\u201c\u52b3\u52a8\u201d\u5177\u4f53\u5316\u3001\u4e16\u4fd7\u5316\uff0c\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u201c\u8c0b\u751f\u52b3\u52a8\u201d\u3002\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u201c\u52b3\u52a8\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u4ec5\u4ec5\u5f52\u4e8e\u8c0b\u751f\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u5e76\u6210\u4e3a\u5b8c\u5168\u5076\u7136\u7684\u548c\u975e\u672c\u8d28\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u8bba\u751f\u4ea7\u8005 \u540c\u4ed6\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u662f\u5426\u6709\u76f4\u63a5\u6d88\u8d39\u548c\u4e2a\u4eba\u9700\u8981\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u8bba\u4ed6\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\u3001\u52b3\u52a8\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u5bf9\u4ed6\u6765\u8bf4\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u4ed6\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u4eab\u53d7\uff0c\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u4ed6\u7684\u5929\u7136\u7980\u8d4b\u548c\u7cbe\u795e\u76ee\u7684\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u201d\u3002\u6b63 \u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u5bf9\u201c\u8c0b\u751f\u52b3\u52a8\u201d\u7684\u754c\u5b9a\uff0c\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u8fc8\u51fa\u4e86\u201c\u7528\u5386\u53f2\u8bf4\u660e\u5f02\u5316\u201d\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\u3002[7]\u2466<\/p>\n<p>\u53ef\u89c1\uff0c\u628a\u63e1\u300a\u7a46\u52d2\u8bc4\u6ce8\u300b\u7684\u5173\u952e\uff0c\u5e76\u975e\u5982\u671b\u6708\u6240\u8a00\uff0c\u7528\u201c\u793e\u4f1a\u4ea4\u5f80\u201d\u6765\u8865\u5145\u5f02\u5316\u52b3\u52a8\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u7f3a\u5931\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u56de\u5230\u201c\u52b3\u52a8\u201d\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\uff0c\u53bb\u628a\u63e1\u5386\u53f2\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u671b\u6708\u4e00\u518d\u7528\u201c\u793e\u4f1a\u4ea4\u5f80\u201d\u6765\u8bc1\u660e\u4ed6\u7684\u201c\u5e02\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u201d\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u770b\u5230\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u6b63\u5728\u8f6c\u5411\u5bf9\u73b0\u5b9e\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u6279\u5224\u529b\u91cf\u7684\u5bfb\u6c42\uff0c\u65e0\u602a\u4e4e\u5728\u4ed6\u6279\u5224\u96c7\u4f63\u5de5\u4eba\u5f02\u5316\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u540c \u65f6\uff0c\u4e5f\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u4e2d\u6700\u73cd\u8d35\u7684\u4e00\u9762\u2014\u2014\u4ece\u65e0\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u7684\u7acb\u573a\u5bf9\u5386\u53f2\u53d1\u5c55\u4e2d\u7684\u4e0d\u516c\u5e73\u3001\u4e0d\u4eba\u9053\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u6279\u5224\uff0c\u8d70\u8fdb\u5386\u53f2\u6df1\u5904\u63a2\u7a76\u73b0\u8c61\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u6839\u6e90\u53ca\u5176\u6d88\u9664\u7684\u53ef\u80fd \u6027\uff0c\u53bb\u5bfb\u627e\u4eba\u7c7b\u89e3\u653e\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u3002\u8fd9\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e0d\u8bf4\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u9057\u61be\u3002\u671b\u6708\u6e05\u53f8\u4ece\u5bf9\u201c\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u5f02\u5316\u201d\u7684\u626c\u5f03\u8fc7\u6e21\u5230\u201c\u4ea4\u5f80\u5f02\u5316\u201d\u7684\u786e\u7acb\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u89e3\u91ca\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u201c\u62dc\u7269\u6559\u201d\u4ea7\u751f\u673a\u7406\u7684 \u8bba\u8bc1\u662f\u6709\u89c1\u5730\u548c\u8d21\u732e\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u5355\u7eaf\u5730\u5f3a\u8c03\u201c\u4ea4\u5f80\u5f02\u5316\u201d\u5373\u201c\u5e02\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u201d\u7684\u5fc5\u7136\u6027\u548c\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u6de1\u5316\u4e86\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u6279\u5224\u6027\uff0c\u5bf9\u300a1844\u5e74\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u54f2\u5b66\u624b\u7a3f\u300b\u800c\u8a00 \u5c31\u662f\u53d6\u7f14\u4e86\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u5bf9\u201c\u5f02\u5316\u201d\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u6279\u5224\u3002\u7b14\u8005\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u201c\u5e02\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u201d\u7406\u8bba\u670d\u52a1\u7684\uff0c\u6709\u7740\u8fc7\u4e8e\u6d53\u91cd\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u8bba\u8272\u5f69\uff0c\u662f\u201c\u628a\u8fc7\u53bb\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u2018\u5265\u524a\u7279 \u5f81\u2019\u7684\u62ab\u9732\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u89e3\u91ca\u4e00\u822c\u4eba\u7684\u2018\u52b3\u52a8\u5916\u5316\u7684\u5fc5\u7136\u6027\u2019\u548c\u2018\u7c7b\u672c\u8d28\u2019\u7684\u2018\u5e02\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u2019\u89c4\u5b9a\u201d[5]22\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u5426\u8ba4\uff0c\u671b\u6708\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e4b\u5b8c\u6574\uff0c\u8fd0\u7528\u6587\u732e\u5de5\u5177\u4e4b \u719f\u7ec3\u548c\u4e25\u8c28\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4ed6\u5c06\u601d\u60f3\u7814\u7a76\u548c\u6587\u732e\u5206\u6790\u7d27\u5bc6\u7ed3\u5408\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u503c\u5f97\u501f\u9274\u7684\u3002\u2467<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u6ce8\u91ca\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u2460\u671b\u6708\u6e05\u53f8(Mochizuki Seiji)\uff0c1929\u5e74\u751f\u4e8e\u65e5\u672c\u4e1c\u4eac\uff0c1951\u5e74\u65e5\u672c\u4e13\u4fee\u5927\u5b66\u5546\u5b66\u90e8\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u79d1\u5165\u5b66\uff0c1956\u5e74\u5c31\u4efb\u540c\u5927\u5b66\u5546\u5b66\u90e8\u52a9\u624b\uff0c1969\u5e74\u664b\u5347\u4e3a\u8be5\u5927\u5b66\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u90e8\u6559 \u6388\u30021975\u5e74\u83b7\u5f97\u4e13\u4fee\u5927\u5b66\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u535a\u58eb\u5b66\u4f4d\uff0c\u5e76\u4ece1989\u5e74\u5f00\u59cb\u8fde\u4efb\u4e13\u4fee\u5927\u5b66\u6821\u957f9\u5e74\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u4e2d\u9014\u9000\u4f11\u4e3a\u6b62\u3002\u671b\u6708\u662f\u65e5\u672c\u6218\u540e\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u4e49\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u4eba\u7269\uff0c\u5176\u7406 \u8bba\u5728\u65e5\u672c\u4eab\u6709\u201c\u671b\u6708\u53f2\u5b66\u201d\u7684\u7f8e\u8a89\u3002\u300a\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u5386\u53f2\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u300b\u662f\u4ed6\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u4f5c\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u4ed6\u4e00\u751f\u64b0\u5199\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u4e13\u8457\u3002\u8fd9\u90e8\u8457\u4f5c\u7684\u4e2d\u6587\u7248(\u97e9\u7acb\u65b0\u8bd1)\u5df2\u7531\u5317\u4eac\u5e08\u8303\u5927 \u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e2009\u5e7410\u6708\u6b63\u5f0f\u51fa\u7248\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u2461\u4f17\u6240\u5468\u77e5\uff0c\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u5728\u300a\u5927\u7eb2\u300b\u201c\u8d27\u5e01\u7ae0\u201d\u4e2d\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u8457\u540d\u7684\u201c\u4e09\u5927\u793e\u4f1a\u5f62\u5f0f\u201d\u7684\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u5373\u628a\u4eba\u7c7b\u793e\u4f1a\u53d1 \u5c55\u8868\u8ff0\u6210\u4e3a\u5982\u4e0b\u4e09\u79cd\u53d1\u5c55\u5f62\u5f0f\uff1a1)\u201c\u4eba\u683c\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u5173\u7cfb\u201d\uff1b2)\u201c\u4ee5\u7269\u8c61\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u6027\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u4eba\u683c\u7684\u975e\u4f9d\u8d56\u6027\u201d\uff1b3)\u201c\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u5168\u9762\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e2a\u4eba\u5171\u540c\u7684\u3001\u793e \u4f1a\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u80fd\u529b\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u80fd\u529b\u800c\u88ab\u5438\u7eb3\u7684\u8fd9\u4e00\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u4e2a\u4f53\u6027\u201d\u3002\u671b\u6708\u53d7\u6b64\u89c2\u70b9\u542f\u53d1\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e09\u6bb5\u8bba\u5f0f\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u5386\u53f2\u89c2\uff1a1)\u672c\u6e90\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u9636\u6bb5\/\u5f62\u5f0f\uff1a\u672a\u88ab \u5f02\u5316\u3001\u4f46\u53d1\u5c55\u5f88\u53d7\u5c40\u9650\u7684\u4eba\u683c\u4f9d\u8d56\u5173\u7cfb\uff1b2)\u5e02\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u9636\u6bb5\/\u5f62\u5f0f\uff1a\u666e\u904d\u53d1\u5c55\u3001\u4f46\u88ab\u5f02\u5316\u548c\u7269\u8c61\u5316\u4e86\u7684\u4eba\u683c\u4f9d\u8d56\u5173\u7cfb\uff1b3)\u672a\u6765\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u9636\u6bb5\/\u5f62\u5f0f\uff1a\u666e\u904d\u53d1\u5c55\u3001\u4e14\u5265 \u53bb\u4e86\u5f02\u5316=\u7269\u8c61\u5316\u5916\u8863\u7684\u4eba\u683c\u4f9d\u8d56\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u4e8e\u662f\uff0c\u671b\u6708\u7b14\u4e0b\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5386\u53f2\u53d1\u5c55\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u4e0d\u518d\u662f\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u65b9\u5f0f\/\u751f\u4ea7\u5173\u7cfb\u53d8\u8fc1\u53f2\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u201c\u4f9d\u8d56\u5173\u7cfb\u201d\u66f4\u66ff\u53f2\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u2462\u5728\u300a\u7a46\u52d2\u8bc4\u6ce8\u300b\u548c\u300a\u624b\u7a3f\u300b\u7684\u6587\u732e\u5b66\u5173\u7cfb\u4e0a\uff0c\u5b66\u754c\u5148\u540e\u51fa\u73b0\u8fc7\u4e09\u79cd\u770b\u6cd5\uff1a\u4e00\u662f\u300a\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u6069\u683c\u65af\u5168\u96c6\u300b\u4fc4\u6587\u7b2c2\u7248\u7b2c42\u5377\u7f16\u8005\u7684\u201c\u4e4b\u524d\u201d\u8bf4\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u300a\u7a46\u52d2\u8bc4\u6ce8\u300b \u4f5c\u4e3a\u300a\u5df4\u9ece\u7b14\u8bb0\u300b\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u5199\u4f5c\u4e8e\u300a\u624b\u7a3f\u300b\u4e4b\u524d(\u300a\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u6069\u683c\u65af\u5168\u96c6\u300b\u7b2c42\u5377\uff0c\u7b2c485\u9875)\u3002\u4e8c\u662f\u82cf\u8054\u5b66\u8005\u62c9\u5bbe\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u53f2\u56fd\u9645\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u7f57\u6768\u7684\u201c\u4e4b\u95f4\u201d\u8bf4\uff0c\u8ba4 \u4e3a\u300a\u5df4\u9ece\u7b14\u8bb0\u300b\u4e0e\u300a\u624b\u7a3f\u300b\u662f\u4ea4\u9519\u5199\u4f5c\u7684\uff0c\u300a\u7a46\u52d2\u8bc4\u6ce8\u300b\u5199\u4e8e\u300a\u624b\u7a3f\u300b\u7684\u201c\u7b2c\u4e00\u624b\u7a3f\u201d\u548c\u201c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u624b\u7a3f\u201d\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u751a\u81f3\u63d0\u51fa\u300a\u7a46\u52d2\u8bc4\u6ce8\u300b\u5c5e\u4e8e\u201c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u624b\u7a3f\u201d\u7684\u7f3a\u5931\u90e8 \u5206\u3002\u4e09\u662fMEGA2\u7b2c1\u90e8\u5206\u7b2c2\u5377\u7f16\u8005\u82f1\u683c\u00b7\u9676\u4f2f\u7279\u7684\u201c\u4e4b\u540e\u201d\u8bf4\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u662f\u5728\u5199\u5b8c\u201c\u7b2c\u4e09\u624b\u7a3f\u201d\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u6574\u90e8\u300a\u5df4\u9ece\u624b\u7a3f\u300b\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u624d\u5f00\u59cb\u52a8\u624b\u5bf9\u674e\u5609\u56fe\u7684 \u300a\u653f\u6cbb\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u548c\u8d4b\u7a0e\u539f\u7406\u300b\u548c\u7a46\u52d2\u7684\u300a\u653f\u6cbb\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u539f\u7406\u300b\u7684\u6cd5\u8bd1\u672c\u8fdb\u884c\u6458\u5f55\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u2463\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u5f20\u4e00\u5175\u6559\u6388\u91c7\u53d6\u7684\u662f\u201c\u4e4b\u524d\u201d\u8bf4\uff0c\u59da\u987a\u826f\u6559\u6388\u91c7\u53d6\u7684\u662f \u201c\u4e4b\u540e\u201d\u8bf4\uff0c\u800c\u97e9\u7acb\u65b0\u6559\u6388\u91c7\u53d6\u7684\u662f\u201c\u4e4b\u95f4\u201d\u8bf4\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bf9\u300a\u7a46\u52d2\u8bc4\u6ce8\u300b\u4e0e\u300a\u624b\u7a3f\u300b\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u95ee\u9898\u4e5f\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u53c2\u89c1\u5f20\u4e00\u5175\uff1a\u300a\u56de\u5230\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u300b(\u6c5f\u82cf\u4eba\u6c11\u51fa\u7248\u793e 1999\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c188-208\u9875)\uff1b\u59da\u987a\u826f\uff1a\u300a\u4ece\u201c\u5f02\u5316\u52b3\u52a8\u201d\u5230\u201c\u8c0b\u751f\u52b3\u52a8\u201d\uff1a\u9752\u5e74\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u4eba\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u8303\u5f0f\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u5f00\u59cb\u300b[\u8f7d\u300a2097\u5e74\u6c5f\u82cf\u7701\u54f2\u5b66\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66 \u754c\u5b66\u672f\u5927\u4f1a\u8bba\u6587\u96c6\u300b(\u672a\u520a\u7a3f))]\uff1b\u97e9\u7acb\u65b0\uff1a\u201c\u300a\u7a46\u52d2\u8bc4\u6ce8\u300b\u4e2d\u7684\u4ea4\u5f80\u5f02\u5316\uff1a\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u7684\u8f6c\u6298\u70b9\u2014\u2014\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u300a\u8a79\u59c6\u65af\u00b7\u7a46\u52d2\u3008\u653f\u6cbb\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u539f\u7406\u3009\u4e00\u4e66\u6458\u8981\u300b\u7814\u7a76\u201d (\u8f7d\u300a\u73b0\u4ee3\u54f2\u5b66\u300b2007\u5e74\u7b2c5\u671f)\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u2464\u671b\u6708\u8bf4\u7684\u300a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u54f2\u5b66\u300b\u5373\u662f\u300a1844\u5e74\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u54f2\u5b66\u624b\u7a3f\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u2465\u671b\u6708\u53c2\u7167 \u65e5\u672c\u5b66\u8005\u68ee\u7530\u6850\u90ce\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u628a\u7a46\u52d2\u7b14\u8bb0\u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u201c\u7b2c\u4e00\u8bc4\u6ce8\u201d\u548c\u201c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u8bc4\u6ce8\u201d\uff1a\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u5bf9\u8a79\u59c6\u65af\u00b7\u7a46\u52d2\u300a\u653f\u6cbb\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u539f\u7406\u300b\u6240\u505a\u7684\u8bc4\u6ce8\u53ef\u5206\u51e0\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\uff1a\u9996\u5148\u662f\u4ece\u8be5\u4e66\u7684\u7b2c 3\u7ae0\u201c\u4ea4\u6362\u201d\u7b2c8\u8282\u201c\u9650\u5236\u8d27\u5e01\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u201d\u505a\u6458\u5f55\u4ee5\u53ca\u8bc4\u6ce8\uff0c\u4e2d\u95f4\u53c8\u5bf9\u7b2c\u4e5d\u7ae0\u7684\u7b2c9\u201413\u8282\u4ee5\u53ca\u7b2c16\u8282\u505a\u4e86\u6458\u5f55\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5bf9\u7b2c4\u7ae0\u201c\u6d88\u8d39\u201d\u7b2c2\u8282\u201c\u5e74\u5e74\u751f\u4ea7\u5e74\u5e74\u6d88 \u8d39\u201d\u505a\u6458\u5f55\u548c\u8bc4\u6ce8(\u5728\u300a\u7a46\u52d2\u8bc4\u6ce8\u300b\u7684\u7ed3\u5c3e\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u8fd8\u5199\u4e0b\u4e86\u6709\u5173\u5730\u79df\u7a0e\u7684\u7b80\u77ed\u8bc4\u6ce8\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u90e8\u5206\u548c\u73b0\u5728\u8981\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u65e0\u5173)\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u6309\u7167\u68ee\u7530\u6850\u90ce\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\u628a\u524d\u8005\u79f0\u4f5c\u201c\u7b2c \u4e00\u8bc4\u6ce8\u201d\uff0c\u628a\u540e\u8005\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u8bc4\u6ce8\u201d\u3002\u53c2\u89c1\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e[1]\u7b2c82\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u2466\u5173\u4e8e\u5f02\u5316\u52b3\u52a8\u4eba\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u903b\u8f91\u7684\u89e3\u6784\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5f20\u4e00\u5175\u6559\u6388\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6700\u65e9\u5f00\u59cb\u4e8e \u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u7684\u300a\u8bc4\u5f17\u91cc\u5fb7\u91cc\u5e0c\u00b7\u674e\u65af\u7279\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u3008\u653f\u6cbb\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u7684\u56fd\u6c11\u4f53\u7cfb\u3009\u300b\uff0c\u8be6\u7ec6\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u53c2\u89c1\u5f20\u4e00\u5175\uff1a\u300a\u56de\u5230\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u300b(\u6c5f\u82cf\u4eba\u6c11\u51fa\u7248\u793e1999\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c330\u2014 339\u9875)\u3002\u56f4\u7ed5\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5357\u4eac\u5927\u5b66\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u4e49\u793e\u4f1a\u7406\u8bba\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5c55\u5f00\u4e86\u4e00\u6b21\u7cbe\u5f69\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u5bf9\u8bdd\uff0c\u53c2\u89c1\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e[8]\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u2467\u5bf9\u671b\u6708\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u7279\u8272\u7684\u603b\u7ed3\uff0c\u53c2\u89c1\u738b\u4ee3\u6708\uff1a\u300a\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u5e02\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u53d1\u73b0\u2014\u2014\u671b\u6708\u6e05\u53f8\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u5e02\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u7406\u8bba\u7814\u7a76\u300b(\u8f7d\u300a\u56fd\u5916\u7406\u8bba\u52a8\u6001\u300b2010\u5e74\u7b2c4\u671f\uff0c\u7b2c72\u201477\u9875)\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3010<strong>\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e<\/strong>\u3011<\/p>\n<p>[1]\u671b\u6708\u6e05\u53f8\uff1a\u300a\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u5386\u53f2\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u300b\uff0c\u97e9\u7acb\u65b0\u8bd1\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u5317\u4eac\u5e08\u8303\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2009\u5e74\u3002<\/p>\n<p>[2]\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\uff1a\u300a1844\u5e74\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u54f2\u5b66\u624b\u7a3f\u300b\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u4eba\u6c11\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2000\u5e74\u3002<\/p>\n<p>[3]\u6751\u4e0a\u4fca\u4ecb\uff1a\u300a\u671b\u6708\u6e05\u53f8\u5e02\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u8fc7\u7a0b\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u54f2\u5b66\u52a8\u6001\u300b\uff0c2011\u5e749\u671f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>[4]\u5510\u6b63\u4e1c\uff1a\u300a\u3008\u7a46\u52d2\u8bc4\u6ce8\u3009\u4e2d\u201c\u4ea4\u5f80\u5f02\u5316\u201d\u7684\u51c6\u786e\u5185\u5bb9\u53ca\u5176\u601d\u60f3\u53f2\u5730\u4f4d\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u73b0\u4ee3\u54f2\u5b66\u300b\uff0c2008\u5e744\u671f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>[5]\u5218\u5b97\u78a7\uff1a\u300a\u5bf9\u671b\u6708\u6e05\u53f8\u5173\u4e8e\u201c\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u5f02\u5316\u201d\u89c2\u70b9\u7684\u5206\u6790\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u54f2\u5b66\u52a8\u6001\u300b\uff0c2011\u5e749\u671f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>[6]\u5b59\u4f2f\u9368\uff1a\u300a\u63a2\u7d22\u8005\u9053\u8def\u7684\u63a2\u7d22\u300b\uff0c\u5357\u4eac\uff1a\u5357\u4eac\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2002\u5e74\u3002<\/p>\n<p>[7]\u59da\u987a\u826f\uff1a\u300a\u4ece\u201c\u5f02\u5316\u52b3\u52a8\u201d\u5230\u201c\u8c0b\u751f\u52b3\u52a8\u201d\uff1a\u9752\u5e74\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u4eba\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u8303\u5f0f\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u5f00\u59cb\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u4e49\u7814\u7a76\u300b\uff0c2010\u5e747\u671f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>[8]\u5f20\u4e00\u5175\u3001\u59da\u987a\u826f\uff1a\u300a\u4e24\u6761\u903b\u8f91\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u6d88\u957f\u8fd8\u662f\u5171\u540c\u6d88\u89e3\uff1f\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u7406\u8bba\u63a2\u8ba8\u300b\uff0c2006\u5e743\u671f\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span id=\"articlecontent\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u5185\u5bb9\u63d0\u8981\uff1a\u671b\u6708\u6e05\u53f8\u662f\u65e5\u672c\u8457\u540d\u7684\u5e02\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u5b66\u6d3e\u7684\u5960\u57fa\u4eba\u3002\u4ed6\u5728\u6df1\u5165\u7ec6\u81f4\u89e3\u8bfb\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u5927\u91cf\u6587\u672c\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4ee5\u5e02\u6c11\u793e [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":12624,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[28],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-12892","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-wiki"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/start.shehuifa.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12892","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/start.shehuifa.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/start.shehuifa.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/start.shehuifa.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/start.shehuifa.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=12892"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/start.shehuifa.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12892\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/start.shehuifa.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/12135"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/start.shehuifa.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=12892"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/start.shehuifa.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=12892"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/start.shehuifa.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=12892"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}