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 <\/p>\n

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\u3000\u3000\u4e2d\u56fd\u4f20\u7edf\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u79e9\u5e8f\u539f\u7406\u4e00\u76f4\u5f3a\u8c03\u4fe1\u4efb\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8981\u7d20\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u5bf9\u4fe1\u4efb\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u5112\u5bb6\u4e0e\u6cd5\u5bb6\u4e4b\u95f4\u5dee\u5f02\u5f88\u5927\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5112\u5bb6\u5f3a\u8c03\u7684\u662f\u670b\u53cb\uff08\u4e5f\u542b\u6709\u5e08\u751f\u3001\u957f\u5e7c\u7684\u7b49\u7ea7\u95f4\u4e92\u52a8\u6210\u5206\u5728\u5185\uff09\u76f8\u5904\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u5c3a\u5ea6 [8]\uff0c\u5373\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e0e\u4e2a\u4eba\uff08\u7279\u522b\u662f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6709\u6559\u517b\u9636\u5c42\u7684\u201c\u541b\u5b50\u201d[9]\uff09\u5173\u7cfb\u4e0a\u7684\u4fe1\u4efb\uff0c\u6784\u6210\u793e\u4f1a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u548c\u79e9\u5e8f\u8d56\u4ee5\u6210\u7acb\u7684\u652f\u67f1 [10]\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u670b\u53cb\u7684\u201c\u4fe1\u201d\u4e0d\u59a8\u5206\u4e3a\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e24\u4e2a\u4fa7\u9762\u6765\u8003\u5bdf\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e00\u3001\u56e0\u4eba\u683c\u3001\u4e2a\u6027\u3001\u5fd7\u540c\u9053\u5408\u4ee5\u53ca\u7fa4\u4f53\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u60c5\u8c0a\u800c\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u611f\uff08personal security\uff09\u6216\u8005\u653e\u5fc3\uff08assurance\uff09\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e8c\u3001\u56e0\u4e92\u60e0\u3001\u4e24\u5229\u3001\u63d0\u643a\u3001\u6276\u52a9\u800c\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u76f8\u4fe1\uff08reciprocal confidence\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u76f8\u4e92\u4fe1\u8d56\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u5316\u5f62\u6001\u5c31\u662f\u793c\u4eea [11]\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u53ef\u4ee5\u9488\u5bf9\u5177\u4f53\u60c5\u5f62\u8fdb\u884c\u5224\u65ad\u548c\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4fe1\u4efb\u4e0e\u79e9\u5e8f\u4e4b\u95f4\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u5bc6\u5207\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\u3002\u56e0\u800c\u5b54\u5b50\u8bf4\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u8bae\u7a0b\u4e0a\u7684\u4f18\u5148\u5e8f\u5217\u662f\uff1a\u201c\u6c11\u4fe1\u201d\uff0d\u201c\u8db3\u98df\u201d\uff0d\u201c\u8db3\u5175\u201d[12]\uff0c\u4f46\u5bf9\u201c\u6c11\u4fe1\u4e4b\u201d\u7684\u6db5\u610f\u5b58\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u8be0\u91ca\u3002\u6709\u7684\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u8981\u6c42\u4eba\u6c11\u5b81\u6b7b\u4e0d\u5931\u4fe1\u4e49\u7684\u5fb7\u6027\u54c1\u4f4d\uff0c\u4e0e\u201c\u671d\u95fb\u9053\uff0c\u5915\u6b7b\u53ef\u77e3\u201d\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\u76f8\u901a\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u7684\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u9488\u5bf9\u7edf\u6cbb\u8005\u4e0d\u80fd\u5931\u4fe1\u4e8e\u6c11\uff0c\u4e0e\u201c\u4fe1\u800c\u540e\u52b3\u5176\u6c11\u201d\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\u76f8\u901a [13]\u3002\u6211\u5012\u662f\u540c\u610f\u94b1\u7a46\u4ece\u6b63\u540d\u590d\u793c\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u628a\u63e1\u201c\u6c11\u4fe1\u201d\u6982\u5ff5 [14]\uff0c\u89c9\u5f97\u201c\u6c11\u65e0\u4fe1\u4e0d\u7acb\u201d\u7684\u547d\u9898\u4e0e\u201c\u65e0\u793c\u65e0\u4ee5\u7acb\u201d\u7684\u547d\u9898\u7684\u786e\u4e00\u8109\u76f8\u627f\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u53d6\u524d\u4e00\u79cd\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u5373\u5b54\u5b50\u628a\u6559\u5316\u4eba\u6c11\u5b88\u793c\u4fe1\u4e49\u89c6\u4e3a\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u5934\u7b49\u5927\u4e8b\uff0c\u91cd\u5fc3\u843d\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u8bda\u4fe1\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u5112\u5bb6\u5728\u603b\u4f53\u4e0a\u5e76\u4e0d\u592a\u5728\u610f\u56fd\u5bb6\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u51b3\u7b56\u3001\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u8bba\u8bc1\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\u53d6\u4fe1\u4e8e\u6c11\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u5f62\u6210\u5bf9\u7167\u7684\u662f\u6cd5\u5bb6\u7684\u4fe1\u4efb\u89c2\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u7531\u4e8e\u5112\u5bb6\u548c\u6cd5\u5bb6\u5728\u4fe1\u4efb\u89c2\u4e0a\u5404\u6267\u4e00\u8bcd\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u4e4b\u95f4\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u666e\u904d\u4e3b\u4e49\u4fe1\u4efb\u5171\u540c\u4f53\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u6cbb\u548c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7684\u5b9e\u8df5\u7279\u522b\u91cd\u89c6\u7279\u5b9a\u4eba\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4ece\u4e0a\u53e4\u7684\u4eba\u8d28\u5230\u8fd1\u4e16\u7684\u627f\u5305\uff0c\u201c\u8d28\u201d\u3001\u201c\u4fe1\u201d\u3001\u201c\u793c\u201d\u8fd9\u4e09\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u548c\u76f8\u4e92\u8f6c\u5316\u5f88\u503c\u5f97\u8003\u5bdf\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u80fd\u786e\u8ba4\u4fe1\u4efb\uff0c\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u4ee5\u4eba\u8d28\u6216\u8005\u62b5\u62bc\u7269\u4f5c\u4e3a\u62c5\u4fdd\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5728\u590d\u6570\u7684\u56e2\u4f53\u4e4b\u95f4\u5f62\u6210\u201c\u8fde\u73af\u4fdd\u201d\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e5f\u597d\uff0c\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e5f\u597d\uff0c\u6240\u8c13\u541b\u5b50\u4e4b\u4ea4\u5e94\u8be5\u5b88\u4fe1\u548c\u5b88\u793c\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u201c\u8d28\u201d\u4e5f\u5c31\u4e0d\u518d\u6709\u5fc5\u8981 [25]\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u5982\u4f55\uff0c\u8fd9\u7c7b\u4fe1\u4efb\u663e\u7136\u662f\u5c40\u90e8\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u6216\u9650\u4e8e\u672c\u65cf\uff0c\u6216\u9650\u4e8e\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u9636\u5c42\u548c\u56e2\u4f53\u3002\u5728\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u5185\uff0c\u4fe1\u4efb\u4e0d\u662f\u6765\u6e90\u4e8e\u793c\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u201c\u8d28\u201d\u3002\u201c\u4fdd\u7ed3\u201d\u3001\u201c\u62b5\u62bc\u201d\u4e4b\u7c7b\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u5728\u4e8e\u4ee5\u4e0d\u53ef\u4fe1\u4efb\u6216\u4e0d\u5b89\u4e3a\u524d\u63d0\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4e0d\u4ee5\u8bc9\u6743\u7f5a\u6b3e\u3001\u800c\u4ee5\u6d3b\u4eba\u5b9e\u7269\u6765\u51cf\u5c11\u98ce\u9669\u3001\u589e\u52a0\u4ea4\u6613\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u6280\u672f\uff08\u5373\u975e\u4fe1\u7528\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u5904\u7406\u65b9\u5f0f\uff09\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u5728\u5927\u591a\u6570\u573a\u5408\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u201c\u8d28\u201d\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u53ef\u4fe1\u5ea6\u4ee5\u5177\u4f53\u5230\u7279\u5b9a\u4eba\u7269\u7684\u5229\u5bb3\u8ba1\u7b97\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b9e\u8df5\u7406\u6027\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u800c\u7f3a\u4e4f\u8d85\u8d8a\u5229\u5bb3\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5\uff08faith\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u51fa\u4e8e\u4f53\u7cfb\u7406\u6027\u7684\u501a\u8d56\uff08reliance\uff09\u7684\u6210\u5206 [26]\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5173\u4e8e\u8981\u4e0d\u8981\u201c\u8d28\u201d\u7684\u8bae\u8bba\uff0c\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u4e2d\u56fd\u4f20\u7edf\u4fe1\u4efb\u89c2\u7684\u6839\u672c\u7279\u5f81\uff1a\u6709\u7684\u662f\u5c0f\u5708\u5b50\u91cc\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u4fe1\u4efb\uff0c\u800c\u7f3a\u7684\u5219\u662f\u7a81\u7834\u5404\u79cd\u85e9\u7bf1\u7684\u5bf9\u4ed6\u8005\u3001\u5bf9\u4e00\u822c\u793e\u4f1a\u3001\u5bf9\u5929\u4e0b\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u666e\u904d\u4fe1\u4efb\u4ee5\u53ca\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u6761\u4ef6\uff1b\u6709\u7684\u662f\u5177\u540d\u7684\u4eba\u683c\u5316\u4fe1\u4efb\uff0c\u800c\u7f3a\u7684\u5219\u662f\u533f\u540d\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u5316\u4fe1\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u79cd\u7279\u6b8a\u4fe1\u4efb\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u5728\u4e8e\u901a\u8fc7\u5206\u8282\u72b6\u6001\uff08segments\uff09\u3001\u627f\u5305\u8d23\u4efb\u4ee5\u53ca\u8fde\u5e26\u8d23\u4efb\uff08joint and\/or several liability\uff09\uff0c\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u6700\u5927\u9650\u5ea6\u5730\u5206\u6563\u98ce\u9669\u3001\u51cf\u5c11\u5371\u673a\u3001\u52a0\u5f3a\u4e2a\u4eba\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u611f\u3002\u4f46\u4ece\u4fe1\u4efb\u9002\u7528\u6216\u8005\u4fe1\u4efb\u521b\u65b0\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u7279\u6b8a\u4fe1\u4efb\u4ec5\u9650\u4e8e\u4eb2\u65cf\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5b83\u5c31\u662f\u4e0e\u751f\u4ff1\u6765\u7684\uff0c\u6839\u672c\u65e0\u9700\u523b\u610f\u8ffd\u6c42\u3001\u5f3a\u8c03\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u6269\u5927\u5230\u5730\u57df\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u6216\u8005\u6301\u7eed\u6027\u5173\u7cfb\u7f51\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5b83\u867d\u7136\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u8425\u9020\u5b89\u5168\u3001\u5b89\u5fc3\u7684\u6c1b\u56f4\u4ee5\u53ca\u76f8\u4e92\u4f9d\u8d56\u3001\u5171\u540c\u7e41\u8363\u7684\u683c\u5c40\uff0c\u5374\u53c8\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u88ab\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u6d41\u52a8\u6027\u6240\u7a00\u91ca\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5728\u5708\u5b50\u4f38\u7f29\u3001\u8fc1\u5f99\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u4e4b\u9645\u4e0d\u65ad\u906d\u5230\u7834\u574f\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u5e26\u6709\u6096\u8bba\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u4fe1\u4efb\uff0c\u4ee5\u9762\u5bf9\u9762\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u7ed3\u6784\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u5f88\u96be\u4e0e\u7b2c\u4e09\u8005\u53c2\u4e0e\u7684\u3001\u5ba2\u89c2\u7684\u3001\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u3001\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\u516c\u5171\u6027\u76f8\u8854\u63a5\uff0c\u5f88\u96be\u53d1\u5c55\u51fa\u4ee5\u5b9e\u5728\u6cd5\u89c4\u8303\u548c\u5ba1\u5224\u5236\u5ea6\u4e3a\u4fdd\u969c\u7684\u4fe1\u7528\uff08credit\uff09\u4f53\u7cfb\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u65b9\u5f0f\u5f80\u5f80\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u591a\u7591\u4e0e\u8f7b\u4fe1\u5e76\u5b58\u3001\u8bf4\u8c0e\u8bdd\u4e0e\u91cd\u7136\u8bfa\u5e76\u5b58\u4e4b\u7c7b\u7684\u5185\u5728\u77db\u76fe\u3002<\/p>\n

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 <\/p>\n

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\u603b\u4e4b\uff0c\u5728\u67d0\u79cd\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u4e5f\u4e0d\u59a8\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u4fe1\u4efb\u7684\u5b66\u4e60\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u516c\u5e73\uff0c\u4fe1\u4efb\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u5219\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u63d0\u9ad8\u901f\u7387\uff08\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4e5f\u5bb9\u6613\u9020\u6210\u4e8b\u4e0e\u613f\u8fdd\u3001\u5f97\u4e0d\u507f\u5931\u7684\u60c5\u5f62\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f17\u6240\u5468\u77e5\uff0c\u5362\u66fc\u628a\u6cd5\u5236\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u793e\u4f1a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u548c\u529f\u80fd\u4e5f\u90fd\u5f52\u7ed3\u4e3a\u201c\u590d\u6742\u6027\u7684\u7b80\u5316\u201d[50]\u3002\u56e0\u800c\u8fd8\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5bf9\u4fe1\u4efb\u4e0e\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7b49\u4e0d\u540c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u4e5f\u7565\u4f5c\u68b3\u7406\u3002\u6240\u8c13\u590d\u6742\u6027\uff0c\u662f\u6307\u4e0d\u540c\u53d8\u6570\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u65e0\u6cd5\u7a33\u5b9a\u5316\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u5f62\u6210\u6301\u7eed\u6027\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u5176\u53cd\u4e49\u6982\u5ff5\u672c\u6765\u662f\u5355\u7eaf\u6027\uff0c\u663e\u7136\u4e24\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u662f\u591a\u4e0e\u4e00\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4f46\u590d\u6742\u6027\u5374\u4e0d\u80fd\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u590d\u6570\u7684\u5b50\u7cfb\u7edf\u5e76\u5b58\u7684\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u590d\u6742\u6027\u7684\u7b80\u5316\u5927\u81f4\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u7c7b\u4f3c\u767e\u5ddd\u5f52\u6d77\u7684\u7edf\u4e00\u5904\u7406\u6216\u8005\u4ee5\u5c11\u5fa1\u591a\u90a3\u6837\u7684\u5b9e\u8df5\u6280\u672f\u4e0a\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u590d\u6742\u6027\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u662f\u975e\u786e\u5b9e\u6027\uff0c\u4e0e\u4e0d\u5b89\u72b6\u6001\u5bc6\u5207\u76f8\u8fde\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5362\u66fc\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u201c\u5728\u5355\u7eaf\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\uff3b\u590d\u6742\u6027\u7b80\u5316\uff3d\u673a\u6784\u7684\u6cd5\u4e0e\u4fe1\u4efb\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u5206\u79bb\u201d[51]\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u529f\u80fd\u5206\u5316\u548c\u7cfb\u7edf\u590d\u5408\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u53d1\u8fbe\uff0c\u4ee5\u5355\u7eaf\u6027\u4e3a\u7279\u5f81\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u672c\u8eab\u5176\u5b9e\u4e5f\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u590d\u6742\u5316\u2015\u2015\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\uff0c\u6240\u8c13\u5386\u53f2\u5c31\u662f\u590d\u6742\u6027\u3001\u7279\u522b\u662f\u7cfb\u7edf\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027\u7684\u589e\u52a0\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6587\u660e\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u8fdb\u5316\u4f7f\u5f97\u73af\u5883\u590d\u6742\u6027\u5bf9\u7cfb\u7edf\u5355\u7eaf\u6027\u7684\u4e8c\u5206\u6cd5\u53d8\u5f97\u96be\u4ee5\u6210\u7acb\u4e86\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027\u7a0b\u5ea6\u65e0\u8bba\u5982\u4f55\u90fd\u4f1a\u4f4e\u4e8e\u73af\u5883\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6784\u6210\u603b\u662f\u96be\u4ee5\u4e0e\u73af\u5883\u7684\u6784\u6210\u4e92\u76f8\u5bf9\u5e94\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u7cfb\u7edf\u59cb\u7ec8\u5bf9\u73af\u5883\u53d1\u6325\u7740\u5220\u7e41\u5c31\u7b80\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11\u662f\u5bf9\u73af\u5883\u7684\u8fc7\u4e8e\u9519\u7efc\u7ea0\u7f20\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u8fdb\u884c\u6574\u987f\u3001\u5f52\u5e76\u4ee5\u53ca\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u4f7f\u4e4b\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u660e\u6670\u3001\u66f4\u6709\u6761\u7406\u3001\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u628a\u63e1\u3002\u57fa\u4e8e\u4f53\u9a8c\u548c\u4ef7\u503c\u53d6\u5411\u7684\u8c61\u5f81\u6027\u610f\u601d\uff0c\u662f\u53d6\u820d\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u4f9d\u636e\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u5728\u7cfb\u7edf\u7b80\u5316\u590d\u6742\u6027\u4e4b\u9645\u8d77\u7740\u5a92\u4ecb\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u5728\u5362\u66fc\u7684\u6cd5\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e2d\uff0c\u201c\u590d\u6742\u6027\u7684\u7b80\u5316\u201d\u662f\u4e2a\u6838\u5fc3\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u662f\u4eba\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0e\u73af\u5883\u76f8\u533a\u522b\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u5316\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bf9\u7cfb\u7edf\u5f00\u653e\u5ea6\u7684\u9650\u5236\u800c\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u611f\u3001\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u4ee5\u53ca\u79e9\u5e8f [52]\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4f20\u7edf\u89c2\u5ff5\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b9e\u8df5\u7ecf\u9a8c\u5374\u5bf9\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7406\u8bba\u5206\u6790\u6846\u67b6\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u6311\u6218\u3002\u201c\u4e07\u7269\u7686\u5907\u4e8e\u6211\u201d\uff08\u5112\u6559\u5316\u8868\u8ff0\uff09\u3001\u201c\u4e07\u7269\u4e0e\u6211\u4e3a\u4e00\u201d\uff08\u9053\u6559\u5316\u8868\u8ff0\uff09\u3001\u201c\u4e00\u5207\u5373\u4e00\u3001\u4e00\u5373\u4e00\u5207\u201d\uff08\u4f5b\u6559\u5316\u8868\u8ff0\uff09\u4e4b\u7c7b\u7684\u5929\u4eba\u5408\u4e00\u4e16\u754c\u89c2\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5426\u8ba4\u4e86\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0e\u73af\u5883\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u4e0e\u201c\u590d\u6742\u6027\u7684\u7b80\u5316\u201d\u547d\u9898\u662f\u4e92\u76f8\u62b5\u727e\u7684 [54]\uff0c\u800c\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u60c5\u3001\u7406\u3001\u6cd5\u201d\u4e09\u4f4d\u4e00\u4f53\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7cfb\u7edf\u5177\u6709\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u5f00\u653e\u6027\uff0c\u5e76\u628a\u4fe1\u4efb\u8981\u7d20\u7eb3\u5165\u5176\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u91cd\u65b0\u7ec4\u5408\uff0c\u52bf\u5fc5\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u6d41\u4e8e\u76d6\u7136\uff0c\u5f88\u96be\u5f97\u51fa\u5fc5\u7136\u6027\u89c4\u5b9a [55]\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u4e2d\uff0c\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u662f\u590d\u6742\u6027\u4e0d\u4ec5\u6ca1\u6709\u7b80\u5316\uff0c\u53cd\u5012\u66f4\u52a0\u590d\u6742\u5316\u7684\u8d8b\u52bf\u3002\u6216\u8005\u8bf4\uff0c\u4f1a\u6bd4\u8f83\u9891\u7e41\u5730\u53d1\u751f\u5e15\u68ee\u65af\uff08Talcott Parsons\uff09\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\u6240\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u90a3\u79cd\u201c\u53cc\u91cd\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u201d\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4e8e\u662f\u6cd5\u4e0e\u4fe1\u4efb\u4ea4\u7ec7\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4e0d\u662f\u5728\u50cf\u5362\u66fc\u9884\u8bbe\u90a3\u6837\u7684\u5355\u7eaf\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u5206\u79bb\u5f00\u6765\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u4f7f\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u754c\u5b9a\u53d8\u5f97\u5f02\u5e38\u56f0\u96be\u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u5f53\u4ee3\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u591a\u5143\u4e3b\u4e49\u4f53\u5236\uff0c\u5728\u67d0\u79cd\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u4e5f\u9762\u4e34\u5f88\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u5c40\u9762\u548c\u6574\u5408\u5316\u4f5c\u4e1a\u7684\u6311\u6218 [56]\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4ee5\u5173\u7cfb\u7f51\u7edc\u4e3a\u524d\u63d0\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u4fe1\u4efb\uff0c\u52bf\u5fc5\u56e0\u201c\u5173\u7cfb\u8ddd\u79bb\u201d[57] \u6216\u8005\u201c\u5173\u7cfb\u7c7b\u578b\u201d[58] \u800c\u6709\u6d53\u6de1\u539a\u8584\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u91c7\u53d6\u81ea\u6211\u5448\u73b0\u4fe1\u4efb\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u4e5f\u5206\u4e3a\u9ad8\u592b\u66fc\uff08Erving Goffman\uff09\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u53f0\u524d\u4eae\u626e\u76f8\u4e0e\u53f0\u540e\u9732\u771f\u76f8\u8fd9\u6837\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5c42\u9762 [59]\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\u5bf9\u4eb2\u4eba\u5b8c\u5168\u4fe1\u4efb\uff0c\u5bf9\u53cb\u4eba\u6bd4\u8f83\u4fe1\u4efb\uff0c\u5bf9\u719f\u4eba\u6709\u6761\u4ef6\u4fe1\u4efb\uff0c\u5bf9\u5916\u4eba\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u4e0d\u4fe1\u4efb\u7b49\u533a\u522b\u5bf9\u5f85\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\uff0c\u798f\u5c71\u5728\u300a\u4fe1\u4efb\u2015\u2015\u793e\u4f1a\u7f8e\u5fb7\u4e0e\u521b\u9020\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7e41\u8363\u300b\u91cc\u628a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5f52\u7c7b\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0e\u6cd5\u56fd\u3001\u610f\u5927\u5229\u540c\u6837\u201c\u4fe1\u4efb\u5ea6\u4f4e\u201d\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u6709\u5176\u7247\u9762\u6027\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u770b\u5230\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u7740\u773c\u70b9\u662f\u4ee5\u964c\u751f\u4eba\u5173\u7cfb\u548c\u5177\u6709\u666e\u904d\u7ea6\u675f\u529b\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u4e3a\u524d\u63d0\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3\u5206\u5de5\u5408\u4f5c\u4e2d\u7684\u8bda\u5b9e\u4fe1\u7528\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4eb2\u65cf\u5173\u7cfb\u5728\u5185\u7684\u591a\u5c42\u591a\u6837\u7684\u4fe1\u4efb\u5ea6\u90fd\u88ab\u6392\u9664\u5728\u8bc4\u5224\u7684\u89c6\u91ce\u4e4b\u5916 [60]\u3002\u4f46\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u627f\u8ba4\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u4ec5\u6307\u51fa\u666e\u904d\u4fe1\u4efb\u5ea6\u4f4e\uff0c\u4e5f\u4ecd\u7136\u4e0d\u5931\u5176\u610f\u4e49\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u504f\u91cd\u7279\u6b8a\u4fe1\u4efb\u800c\u7f3a\u4e4f\u666e\u904d\u4fe1\u4efb\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u5bfc\u81f4\u793e\u4f1a\u516c\u5171\u8bda\u4fe1\u5371\u673a\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u56e0\u653f\u6cbb\u6743\u529b\u653e\u5f03\u201c\u5bb9\u9690\u201d\u539f\u5219\u3001\u9f13\u52b1\u4eb2\u53cb\u63ed\u53d1\u800c\u52a0\u6df1\u4eba\u4eec\u76f8\u4e92\u6000\u7591\u548c\u731c\u5fcc\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5404\u81ea\u91c7\u53d6\u8fc7\u5269\u9632\u536b\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u52bf\u5fc5\u5bfc\u81f4\u6574\u4f53\u6027\u9053\u5fb7\u6ed1\u5761\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u9891\u7e41\u53d1\u751f\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u7279\u6b8a\u4fe1\u4efb\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u4e5f\u4f1a\u53d8\u5f97\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u7a84 [61]\u3002<\/p>\n

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 <\/p>\n

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 <\/p>\n

\u4e94\u3001\u5e76\u975e\u7ed3\u8bba\u7684\u7ed3\u675f\u8bed<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u5728\u6211\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u89c4\u8303\u3001\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4ee5\u53ca\u4fe1\u4efb\u611f\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5bf9\u5e94\u5173\u7cfb\u53ca\u5176\u5904\u7406\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3001\u65b9\u5f0f\u8fdb\u884c\u7ecf\u9a8c\u6027\u7684\u5b9e\u8bc1\u7814\u7a76\u548c\u6cd5\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u63a2\u8ba8\uff0c\u6bd4\u53ea\u662f\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u7a7a\u8c08\u5fb7\u6cbb\u548c\u8bda\u4fe1\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u6307\u5411\u66f4\u5177\u6709\u5b66\u672f\u4e0a\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n

\uff08\uff12\uff10\uff10\uff16\u5e74\uff15\u6708\uff12\uff14\u65e5\u6210\u7a3f\uff09<\/p>\n

\u6ce8\u91ca\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n

[1] \u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u5728\u72ec\u751f\u5b50\u5973\u653f\u7b56\u5f15\u8d77\u7684\u5f53\u4eca\u4e16\u76f8\u91cc\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u5374\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u5543\u8001\u65cf\u201d\u2015\u2015\u5373\u4f7f\u6210\u5e74\u4e5f\u7ee7\u7eed\u501a\u8d56\u957f\u8f88\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u613f\u81ea\u7acb\u548c\u627f\u62c5\u751f\u6d3b\u8d23\u4efb\u7684\u9752\u5e74\u7fa4\u4f53\u3002\u67d0\u4e9b\u5730\u65b9\u63a8\u5e7f\u8d61\u517b\u8001\u4eba\u534f\u8bae\u4e66\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5df2\u7ecf\u51f8\u663e\u4e86\u5bb6\u5ead\u5185\u7684\u4fe1\u4efb\u5371\u673a\u3002<\/p>\n

[2] Niklas Luhmann, Vertrauen; Ein Mechanismus der Reduktion sozialer Komplexit\u00e4t (3. durchgesehene Aufl., Stuttgart, 1989[1968]), \u5927\u5ead\u5065\u3001\u6b63\u6751\u4fca\u4e4b\u65e5\u8bd1\u672c\u300a\u4fe1\u8d56\u2015\u2015\u793e\u4f1a\u590d\u6742\u6027\u7f29\u51cf\u673a\u5236\u300b\uff08\u52b2\u8349\u4e66\u623f\uff0c\uff11\uff19\uff19\uff10\u5e74\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

[3] Anthony Giddens, The Consequences of Modernity (Polity Press, 1990), \u7530\u79be\u6c49\u8bd1\u672c\u300a\u73b0\u4ee3\u6027\u7684\u540e\u679c\u300b\uff08\u8bd1\u6797\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c\uff12\uff10\uff10\uff10\u5e74\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

[4] Robert D. Putnam, \u201cThe Prosperous Community: Social Capital and Public Affairs\u201d, The American Prospect, 1993 Spring, pp.35-42, and his Making Democracy Work: Civic Tradition in Modern Italy (Princeton University Press, 1993), \u738b\u5217\u3001\u8d56\u6d77\u6995\u6c49\u8bd1\u672c\u300a\u8ba9\u6c11\u4e3b\u8fd0\u8f6c\u8d77\u6765\u300b\uff08\u6c5f\u897f\u4eba\u6c11\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c\uff12\uff10\uff10\uff11\u5e74\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

[5] Francis Fukuyama, Trust: The Social Virtues and Creation of Prosperity (Free Press, 1995), \u5f6d\u5fd7\u534e\u6c49\u8bd1\u672c\u300a\u4fe1\u4efb\u2015\u2015\u793e\u4f1a\u7f8e\u5fb7\u4e0e\u521b\u9020\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7e41\u8363\u300b\uff08\u6d77\u5357\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c\uff12\uff10\uff10\uff11\u5e74\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

[6] \u90d1\u4e5f\u592b\u300a\u4fe1\u4efb\u8bba\u300b\uff08\u4e2d\u56fd\u5e7f\u64ad\u7535\u89c6\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c\uff12\uff10\uff10\uff11\u5e74\uff09\u3002\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u8bba\u6587\u8fd8\u6709\uff1a\u5f20\u9759\u201c\u4fe1\u4efb\u95ee\u9898\u201d\u300a\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u300b\uff11\uff19\uff19\uff17\u5e74\u7b2c\uff13\u671f\u3001\u738b\u7ecd\u5149\u3001\u5218\u6b23\u201c\u4fe1\u4efb\u7684\u57fa\u7840\uff1a\u4e00\u79cd\u7406\u6027\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u201d\u300a\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u300b\uff12\uff10\uff10\uff12\u5e74\u7b2c\uff13\u671f\u3002<\/p>\n

[7] \u5f20\u7ef4\u8fce\u300a\u4fe1\u606f\u3001\u4fe1\u4efb\u4e0e\u6cd5\u5f8b\u300b\uff08\u4e09\u8054\u4e66\u5e97\uff0c\uff12\uff10\uff10\uff13\u5e74\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

[8] \u4f8b\u5982\u5b50\u590f\u8bf4\u7684\u90a3\u6837\uff0c\u201c\u4e0e\u670b\u53cb\u4ea4\uff0c\u8a00\u800c\u6709\u4fe1\u201d\uff08\u300a\u8bba\u8bed\u00b7\u5b66\u800c\u300b\uff09\u3002\u5b5f\u5b50\u6982\u62ec\u7684\u4e94\u4f26\u8868\u8ff0\u5f97\u66f4\u660e\u786e\uff1a\u201c\u7236\u5b50\u6709\u4eb2\uff0c\u541b\u81e3\u6709\u4e49\uff0c\u592b\u5987\u6709\u522b\uff0c\u957f\u5e7c\u6709\u5e8f\uff0c\u670b\u53cb\u6709\u4fe1\u201d\uff08\u300a\u5b5f\u5b50\u00b7\u6ed5\u6587\u516c\u300b\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

[9] \u5173\u4e8e\u541b\u5b50\u7684\u754c\u5b9a\u548c\u884c\u4e3a\u89c4\u8303\uff0c\u53c2\u9605\u4f59\u82f1\u65f6\u201c\u5112\u5bb6\u2018\u541b\u5b50\u2019\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u201d\uff0c\u540c\u6c0f\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u601d\u60f3\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3\u8be0\u91ca\u300b\uff08\u8054\u7ecf\u51fa\u7248\u4e8b\u4e1a\u516c\u53f8\uff0c\uff11\uff19\uff18\uff17\u5e74\uff09\uff11\uff14\uff15\uff0d\uff11\uff16\uff15\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n

[10] \u7528\u5b54\u5b50\u7684\u8bdd\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u201c\u4eba\u800c\u65e0\u4fe1\uff0c\u4e0d\u77e5\u5176\u53ef\u4e5f\u201d\uff08\u300a\u8bba\u8bed\u00b7\u4e3a\u653f\u300b\uff09\u3001\u201c\u6c11\u65e0\u4fe1\u4e0d\u7acb\u201d\uff08\u300a\u8bba\u8bed\u00b7\u989c\u6e0a\u300b\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

[11] \u628a\u6b27\u9633\u4fee\u5728\u300a\u7eb5\u56da\u8bba\u300b\u4e2d\u8bf4\u7684\u201c\u4fe1\u4e49\u884c\u4e8e\u541b\u5b50\uff0c\u800c\u5211\u622e\u65bd\u4e8e\u5c0f\u4eba\u201d\u4e0e\u5112\u5bb6\u57fa\u672c\u547d\u9898\u201c\u793c\u4ee5\u5f85\u541b\u5b50\uff0c\u5211\u4ee5\u5a01\u5c0f\u4eba\u201d\u76f8\u6bd4\u8f83\uff0c\u4e00\u76ee\u4e86\u7136\u3002\u8340\u5b50\u4e5f\u65e9\u5c31\u6307\u51fa\u8fc7\uff1a\u201c\u541b\u5b50\u5904\u4ec1\u4ee5\u4e49\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4ec1\u4e5f\uff1b\u884c\u4e49\u4ee5\u793c\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4e49\u4e5f\uff1b\u5236\u793c\u53cd\u672c\u6210\u672b\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u793c\u4e5f\u3002\u4e09\u8005\u7686\u901a\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u9053\u4e5f\u201d\uff08\u300a\u8340\u5b50\u00b7\u5927\u7565\u300b\uff09\u3002\u4fe1\u4efb\u4e0e\u793c\u4eea\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5a92\u4ecb\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u65cf\u7fa4\u3002\u672c\u65cf\u5185\u90e8\u53ef\u4fe1\uff0c\u672c\u65cf\u5185\u90e8\u884c\u793c\uff0c\u65e0\u975e\u4e00\u679a\u94f6\u5e01\u7684\u4e24\u9762\u800c\u5df2\u3002<\/p>\n

[12] \u300a\u8bba\u8bed\u00b7\u989c\u6e0a\u300b\uff1a\u201c\u5b50\u8d21\u95ee\u653f\uff0c\u5b50\u66f0\uff1a\u8db3\u98df\uff0c\u8db3\u5175\uff0c\u6c11\u4fe1\u4e4b\u77e3\u3002\u5b50\u8d21\u66f0\uff1a\u5fc5\u4e0d\u5f97\u5df2\u800c\u53bb\uff0c\u4e8e\u65af\u4e09\u8005\u4f55\u5148\uff1f\u66f0\uff1a\u53bb\u5175\u3002\u5b50\u8d21\u66f0\uff1a\u5fc5\u4e0d\u5f97\u5df2\u800c\u53bb\uff0c\u4e8e\u65af\u4e8c\u8005\u4f55\u5148\uff1f\u66f0\uff1a\u53bb\u98df\u3002\u81ea\u53e4\u7686\u6709\u6b7b\uff0c\u6c11\u65e0\u4fe1\u4e0d\u7acb\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

[13] \u8be6\u89c1\u5f90\u590d\u89c2\u201c\u91ca\u8bba\u8bed\u2018\u6c11\u65e0\u4fe1\u4e0d\u7acb\u2019\u2015\u2015\u5112\u5bb6\u653f\u6cbb\u601d\u60f3\u4e4b\u4e00\u8003\u5bdf\u201d\uff0c\u540c\u6c0f\u300a\u5b66\u672f\u4e0e\u653f\u6cbb\u4e4b\u95f4\uff08\u65b0\u7248\uff09\u300b\uff08\u5b66\u751f\u4e66\u5c40\uff0c\uff11\uff19\uff18\uff15\u5e74\uff09\uff12\uff19\uff15\uff0d\uff13\uff10\uff12\u9875\u3002\u674e\u6cfd\u539a\u300a\u8bba\u8bed\u4eca\u8bfb\u300b\uff08\u5b89\u5fbd\u6587\u827a\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c\uff11\uff19\uff19\uff18\u5e74\uff09\uff12\uff18\uff14\uff0d\uff12\uff18\uff15\u9875\u4e5f\u6307\u51fa\u4e86\u300a\u7687\u758f\u300b\u4e0e\u300a\u53cd\u8eab\u5f55\u300b\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u7406\u89e3\u3002\u5f90\u3001\u674e\u4e8c\u4f4d\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u610f\u89c1\u90fd\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u540e\u4e00\u79cd\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u662f\u95ee\u653f\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u95ee\u4e2a\u4f53\u4fee\u517b\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u5b54\u5b50\u5bf9\u95ee\u653f\u4e5f\u6709\u76f4\u63a5\u4ee5\u6b63\u8eab\u6765\u56de\u7b54\u7684\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u540c\u5728\u300a\u8bba\u8bed\u00b7\u989c\u6e0a\u300b\u8fd9\u4e00\u7bc7\u91cc\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u8bba\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u653f\u8005\uff0c\u6b63\u4e5f\u201d\u3001\u201c\u5b50\u6b32\u5584\u800c\u6c11\u5584\u77e3\u3002\u541b\u5b50\u4e4b\u5fb7\u98ce\uff0c\u5c0f\u4eba\u4e4b\u5fb7\u8349\u3002\u8349\u4e0a\u4e4b\u98ce\uff0c\u5fc5\u5043\u201d\uff0c\u201c\u4e00\u65e5\u514b\u5df1\u590d\u793c\uff0c\u5929\u4e0b\u5f52\u4ec1\u7109\u3002\u4e3a\u4ec1\u7531\u5df1\uff0c\u800c\u7531\u4eba\u4e4e\u54c9\u201d\u3002\u6309\u7167\u5112\u5bb6\u4fee\u9f50\u6cbb\u5e73\u3001\u5185\u5723\u5916\u738b\u7684\u4e00\u8d2f\u903b\u8f91\u4e0d\u96be\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u7aef\u6b63\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u793a\u8303\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u662f\u4e3a\u653f\u3002\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e2a\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u63a8\u6572\u6c11\u4fe1\uff0c\u5173\u952e\u4f3c\u4e4e\u8fd8\u5728\u4e8e\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6559\u5316\u6210\u5c31\u7684\u81ea\u7701\u3001\u5b88\u793c\u3001\u4e92\u4fe1\u7684\u5c40\u9762\u3002<\/p>\n

[14] \u53c2\u9605\u94b1\u7a46\u300a\u56fd\u5b66\u6982\u8bba\u300b\uff08\u5546\u52a1\u5370\u4e66\u9986\uff0c\uff11\uff19\uff19\uff17\u5e74\uff09\uff13\uff14\uff0d\uff14\uff13\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n

[15] \u8bed\u51fa\u300a\u8bba\u8bed\u00b7\u5b50\u8def\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n

[16] \u5173\u4e8e\u201c\u8bae\u4e8b\u4ee5\u5236\u201d\u7684\u6db5\u610f\uff0c\u5510\u4ee3\u7ecf\u5b66\u5bb6\u5b54\u9896\u8fbe\u5728\u300a\u6625\u79cb\u5de6\u4f20\u6b63\u4e49\u300b\u7684\u201c\u758f\u201d\u4e2d\u4f5c\u4e86\u5982\u4e0b\u5f15\u4f38\u89e3\u91ca\uff1a\u201c\u4e34\u5176\u65f6\u4e8b\uff0c\u8bae\u5176\u91cd\u8f7b\uff0c\u867d\u4f9d\u65e7\u6761\u800c\u65ad\u6709\u51fa\u5165\uff0c\u4e0d\u9884\u8bbe\u5b9a\u6cd5\u544a\u793a\u4e0b\u6c11\uff0c\u4ee4\u4e0d\u6d4b\u5176\u6d45\u6df1\uff0c\u5e38\u754f\u5a01\u800c\u60e7\u7f6a\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

[17] \u5f15\u81ea\u300a\u5b5f\u5b50\u00b7\u79bb\u5a04\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n

[18] \u6839\u636e\u300a\u53f2\u8bb0\u00b7\u5546\u541b\u5217\u4f20\u300b\uff0c\u5728\u5546\u9785\u4e3b\u5bfc\u4e0b\uff0c\u79e6\u56fd\u201c\u4ee4\u65e2\u5177\uff0c\u672a\u5e03\u3002\u6050\u6c11\u4e4b\u4e0d\u4fe1\u5df1\uff0c\u4e43\u7acb\u4e09\u4e08\u4e4b\u6728\u4e8e\u56fd\u90fd\u5e02\u5357\u95e8\uff0c\u52df\u6c11\u6709\u80fd\u5f99\u7f6e\u5317\u95e8\u8005\uff0c\u4e88\u5341\u91d1\uff0c\u6c11\u602a\u4e4b\uff0c\u83ab\u6562\u5f99\u3002\u590d\u66f0\uff1a\u2018\u80fd\u5f99\u8005\uff0c\u4e88\u4e94\u5341\u91d1\u2019\u3002\u6709\u4e00\u4eba\u80fd\u5f99\u4e4b\uff0c\u8f84\u4e88\u4e94\u5341\u91d1\uff0c\u4ee5\u660e\u4e0d\u6b3a\u3002\u5352\u4e0b\u4ee4\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

[19] \u300a\u97e9\u975e\u5b50\u00b7\u96be\u4e00\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n

[20] \u300a\u97e9\u975e\u5b50\u00b7\u5916\u50a8\u8bf4\u5de6\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n

[21] \u300a\u97e9\u975e\u5b50\u00b7\u5907\u5185\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n

[22] \u8bed\u51fa\u300a\u97e9\u975e\u5b50\u00b7\u5978\u52ab\u5f11\u81e3\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n

[23] \u300a\u97e9\u975e\u5b50\u00b7\u4e94\u8839\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n

[24] \u674e\u6cfd\u539a\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u53e4\u4ee3\u601d\u60f3\u53f2\u8bba\u300b\uff08\u4eba\u6c11\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c\uff11\uff19\uff18\uff16\u5e74\uff09\uff19\uff17\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n

[25] \u300a\u5de6\u4f20\u00b7\u5468\u90d1\u4ea4\u8d28\u300b\u4e2d\u6709\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u8bb0\u8ff0\uff1a\u201c\u541b\u5b50\u66f0\uff1a\u2018\u4fe1\u4e0d\u7531\u4e2d\uff0c\u8d28\u65e0\u76ca\u4e5f\u3002\u2026\u2026\u800c\u51b5\u541b\u5b50\u7ed3\u4e24\u56fd\u4e4b\u4fe1\uff0c\u884c\u4e4b\u4ee5\u793c\uff0c\u53c8\u7109\u7528\u8d28\uff1f\u2019\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

[26] \u4fe1\u5ff5\u7684\u7f3a\u4e4f\uff0c\u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u4e16\u4fd7\u5316\u548c\u5bf9\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u7406\u6027\u6001\u5ea6\u6709\u5173\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u4fe1\u5f92\u4e0e\u795e\u4f5b\u5bfa\u5e99\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u4e5f\u5177\u6709\u5b9e\u7528\u6027\u548c\u4ea4\u6613\u6027\u3002\u56e0\u800c\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u8005\u6768\u5e86\u5803\u5728\u201c\u5112\u5bb6\u601d\u60f3\u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd\u5b97\u6559\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u5173\u7cfb\u201d\uff08\u6bb5\u660c\u56fd\u8bd1\uff09\u4e00\u6587\u4e2d\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u5bf9\u4fe1\u4ef0\u8fdb\u884c\u8d27\u6bd4\u4e09\u5bb6\u3001\u67dc\u53f0\u5bf9\u9762\u5f0f\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u201c\u5b97\u6559\u5e02\u573a\u201d\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u89c1\u6bb5\u660c\u56fd\u7b49\u7f16\u8bd1\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u601d\u60f3\u4e0e\u5236\u5ea6\u8bba\u96c6\u300b\uff08\u8054\u7ecf\u51fa\u7248\u4e8b\u4e1a\u516c\u53f8\uff0c\uff11\uff19\uff17\uff16\u5e74\uff09\uff13\uff13\uff18\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n

[27] \u5728\u8003\u5bdf\u4e2d\u56fd\u6c0f\u65cf\u7ec4\u7ec7\u65f6\uff0c\u97e6\u4f2f\u66fe\u7ecf\u6307\u51fa\u8fc7\u6751\u843d\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u8fd9\u79cd\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u4ed6\u6ca1\u6709\u76f4\u63a5\u6d89\u53ca\u5185\u90e8\u7279\u6b8a\u4fe1\u4efb\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u53c2\u9605\u9a6c\u514b\u65af\u00b7\u97e6\u4f2f\u300a\u5112\u6559\u4e0e\u9053\u6559\u300b\uff08\u6d2a\u5929\u5bcc\u8bd1\uff0c\u6c5f\u82cf\u4eba\u6c11\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c\uff11\uff19\uff19\uff17\u5e74\uff09\uff11\uff10\uff17\uff0d\uff11\uff10\uff18\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n

[28] \u300a\u8bba\u8bed\u00b7\u5b50\u8def\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n

[29] \u8be6\u89c1\u77bf\u540c\u7956\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u300b\uff08\u4e2d\u534e\u4e66\u5c40\uff0c\uff11\uff19\uff18\uff11\u5e74\uff09\u7b2c\u4e00\u7ae0\u7b2c\u4e09\u8282\u4e8c\u201c\u5bb9\u9690\u201d\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\uff15\uff16\u9875\u548c\uff15\uff19\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n

[30] \u300a\u97e9\u975e\u00b7\u4e94\u8839\u300b\u7684\u539f\u6587\u662f\uff1a\u201c\u695a\u4e4b\u6709\u76f4\u8eac\uff0c\u5176\u7236\u7a83\u7f8a\uff0c\u800c\u8c12\u4e4b\u540f\u3002\u4ee4\u5c39\u66f0\uff1a\u201c\u6740\u4e4b\uff01\u201d\u4ee5\u4e3a\u76f4\u4e8e\u541b\u800c\u66f2\u4e8e\u7236\uff0c\u62a5\u800c\u7f6a\u4e4b\u3002\u4ee5\u662f\u89c2\u4e4b\uff0c\u592b\u541b\u4e4b\u76f4\u81e3\uff0c\u7236\u4e4b\u66b4\u5b50\u4e5f\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

[31] Michael R. Dutton, Policing and Punishment in China: From Patriarchy to \u201cthe People\u201d (Cambridge University Press, 1992) p.38.<\/p>\n

[32] \u300a\u6587\u732e\u901a\u8003\u300b\u5377\u5341\u4e8c\u300a\u804c\u5f79\u8003\u4e00\u300b\uff08http:\/\/www.dushu.com\/chapter105682,28482.shtml<\/a>\uff09\u201c\u79e6\u7528\u5546\u9785\u53d8\u6cd5\u201d\u6761\u7684\u6309\u8bed\u3002\u53c2\u9605\u4f59\u5b97\u53d1\u300a\u201c\u4e91\u68a6\u79e6\u7b80\u201d\u4e2d\u601d\u60f3\u4e0e\u5236\u5ea6\u94a9\u646d\u300b\uff08\u6587\u6d25\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c\uff11\uff19\uff19\uff12\u5e74\uff09\uff12\uff10\uff14\uff0d\uff12\uff10\uff16\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n

[33] \u300a\u5546\u541b\u4e66\u00b7\u753b\u7b56\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n

[34] \u636e\u95fb\u94a7\u5929\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u4fdd\u7532\u5236\u5ea6\u300b\uff08\u5546\u52a1\u5370\u4e66\u9986\uff0c\uff11\uff19\uff13\uff16\u5e74\uff09\uff18\uff14\uff0d\uff18\uff16\u9875\u3002\u95fb\u6c0f\u7684\u6279\u8bc4\u662f\u201c\u4e25\u9177\u6709\u4f59\uff0c\u6811\u4fe1\u4e0d\u8db3\u3002\u2026\u2026\u6545\u5176\u521b\u884c\u5219\u6613\uff0c\u800c\u7ee7\u5b88\u5219\u751a\u96be\u4e5f\u201d\uff08\uff18\uff16\u9875\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

[35] \u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\u8fd9\u91cc\uff08\u7b2c\uff11\uff13\u95ee\uff09\u4e0d\u662f\u628a\u68c0\u4e3e\u4e0e\u5bb9\u9690\u76f8\u5bf9\u6bd4\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4ece\u4eb2\u5c5e\u72af\u7f6a\u672a\u88ab\u53d1\u73b0\u65f6\u662f\u5426\u529d\u5176\u81ea\u9996\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u8bbe\u95ee\u3002\u7b54\u6848\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u6784\u6210\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a\u529d\u5176\u81ea\u9996\u7684\u610f\u89c1\u6301\u6709\u8005\uff13\uff11\uff18\uff19\u4eba\uff0c\u5360\uff16\uff14\uff0e\uff13\uff05\uff1b\u6839\u636e\u72af\u7f6a\u8f7b\u91cd\u800c\u529d\u5176\u81ea\u9996\u7684\uff11\uff16\uff15\uff13\u4eba\uff0c\u5360\uff13\uff13\uff0e\uff13\uff05\uff1b\u4e0d\u529d\u5176\u81ea\u9996\u7684\uff11\uff11\uff19\u4eba\uff0c\u5360\uff12\uff0e\uff14\uff05\u3002\u7edf\u8ba1\u8d44\u6599\u89c1\u6cd5\u610f\u8bc6\u56fd\u9645\u6bd4\u8f83\u7814\u7a76\u4f1a\uff08\u4ee3\u8868\uff1a\u52a0\u85e4\u96c5\u4fe1\u3001\u8096\u8d24\u5bcc\uff09\u201c\u2018\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u6cd5\u5f8b\u610f\u8bc6\u2019\u8c03\u67e5\u57fa\u672c\u62a5\u544a\u201d\u300a\u6cd5\u653f\u8bba\u96c6\u300b\u7b2c\uff11\uff18\uff10\u53f7\uff08\uff11\uff19\uff19\uff19\u5e74\uff09\uff11\uff0d\uff17\uff14\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n

[36] \u53f8\u9a6c\u5149\u300a\u8d44\u6cbb\u901a\u9274\u00b7\u5468\u7eaa\u4e8c\u00b7\u663e\u738b\u5341\u5e74\u300b\u3002\u5f15\u81ea\u674e\u5929\u5e73\u3001\u4faf\u534e\u5bb9\u8bd1\u6ce8\u300a\u8d44\u6cbb\u901a\u9274\u7cbe\u534e\u300b\uff08\u4e2d\u5dde\u53e4\u7c4d\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c\uff11\uff19\uff19\uff12\u5e74\uff09\uff11\uff12\uff0d\uff11\uff13\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n

[37] \u89c1\u300a\u5de6\u4f20\u00b7\u66f9\u523f\u8bba\u6218\u300b\u4e2d\u5173\u4e8e\u5c0f\u4fe1\u4e0e\u5927\u4fe1\u7684\u5bf9\u8bdd\u3002<\/p>\n

[38] \u53ea\u8981\u7ffb\u9605\u4e00\u4e0b\u4e2d\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u9662\u5386\u53f2\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u5b8b\u8fbd\u91d1\u5143\u53f2\u7814\u7a76\u5ba4\uff08\u70b9\u6821\uff09\u300a\u540d\u516c\u4e66\u5224\u6e05\u660e\u96c6\uff08\u4e0a\u30fb\u4e0b\uff09\u300b\uff08\u4e2d\u534e\u4e66\u5c40\uff0c\uff11\uff19\uff18\uff17\u5e74\uff09\u3001\u895f\u971e\u9601\uff08\u4e3b\u7f16\uff09\u300a\u6e05\u4ee3\u540d\u540f\u5224\u724d\u4e03\u79cd\u6c47\u7f16\u300b\uff08\u5357\u6000\u747e\u63a8\u8350\uff0c\u7ecf\u4e16\u5b66\u5e93\u53d1\u5c55\u6709\u9650\u516c\u53f8\uff0c\uff12\uff10\uff10\uff10\u5e74\uff09\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u627e\u5230\u8bb8\u591a\u5b9e\u4f8b\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u6000\u7591\u4e3b\u4e49\u4fee\u8f9e\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u201c\u4e0d\u5b9a\u5f62\u201d\u7684\u601d\u7ef4\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u6848\u4ef6\u5904\u7406\u5f80\u5f80\u5728\u201c\u6cd5\u5f53\u60e9\u529e\u201d\u3001\u201c\u7406\u65e0\u4e45\u4eab\u201d\u3001\u201c\u60c5\u6709\u53ef\u539f\u201d\u4e4b\u95f4\u5f98\u5f8a\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u6298\u8877\u5224\u65ad\u3002<\/p>\n

[39] \u5f15\u81ea\u300a\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u9009\u96c6\u300b\u7b2c\u4e94\u5377\uff08\u4eba\u6c11\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c\uff11\uff19\uff17\uff17\u5e74\uff09\uff11\uff17\uff13\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n

[40] \u5c71\u5cb8\u4fca\u7537\u300a\u4fe1\u8d56\u7684\u6784\u9020\u2015\u2015\u4eba\u5fc3\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u8fdb\u5316\u535a\u5f08\u300b\uff08\u4e1c\u4eac\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u4f1a\uff0c\uff11\uff19\uff19\uff18\u5e74\uff09\uff11\uff19\uff0d\uff12\uff10\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n

[41] \u9f50\u7f8e\u5c14\u300a\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u2015\u2015\u5173\u4e8e\u793e\u4f1a\u5316\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u300b\uff08\u5c45\u5b89\u6b63\u65e5\u8bd1\u672c\u4e0a\u5377\uff0c\u767d\u6c34\u793e\uff0c\uff11\uff19\uff19\uff14\u5e74\uff09\uff13\uff15\uff19\u9875\u3002Cf. Guido M\u00f6llering, \u201cThe Nature of Trust: From Georg Simmel to a Theory of Expectation, Interpretation and Suspension\u201d, Sociology Vol.35 No.2 (2001) pp. 403-420.<\/p>\n

[42] \u540c\u4e0a\uff0c\uff13\uff16\uff10\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n

[43] \u540c\u4e0a\uff0c\uff13\uff16\uff10\uff0d\uff13\uff16\uff11\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n

[44] \u540c\u4e0a\uff0c\uff13\uff16\uff14\u9875\u4ee5\u4e0b\u3002<\/p>\n

[45] \u5362\u66fc\u300a\u4fe1\u8d56\u2015\u2015\u793e\u4f1a\u590d\u6742\u6027\u7f29\u51cf\u673a\u5236\u300b\uff08\u5927\u5ead\u5065\u3001\u6b63\u6751\u4fca\u4e4b\u65e5\u8bd1\u672c\uff0c\u52b2\u8349\u4e66\u623f\uff0c\uff11\uff19\uff19\uff10\u5e74\uff09\uff13\uff19\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n

[46] \u9a6c\u573a\u9756\u96c4\u300a\u5362\u66fc\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u7406\u8bba\u300b\uff08\u52b2\u8349\u4e66\u623f\uff0c\uff12\uff10\uff10\uff11\u5e74\uff09\uff12\uff10\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n

[47] \u5362\u66fc\u300a\u4fe1\u8d56\u300b\uff08\u524d\u5f15\uff09\uff14\uff14\u9875\u4ee5\u4e0b\u3002<\/p>\n

[48] \u540c\u4e0a\uff0c\uff19\uff12\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n

[49] \u540c\u4e0a\uff0c\uff19\uff12\uff0d\uff19\uff13\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n

[50] \u5362\u66fc\u201c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5168\u4f53\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u5206\u6790\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3\u7cfb\u7edf\u7406\u8bba\u201d\uff0c\u6536\u5728\uff2a\uff0e\u54c8\u8d1d\u9a6c\u65af\u3001\uff2e\uff0e\u5362\u66fc\u300a\u6279\u5224\u7406\u8bba\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7406\u8bba\u2015\u2015\u54c8\u8d1d\u9a6c\u65af\u4e0e\u5362\u66fc\u7684\u4e89\u8bba\u300b\uff08\u4f50\u85e4\u5609\u4e00\u7b49\u8bd1\uff0c\u6728\u94ce\u793e\uff0c\uff11\uff19\uff18\uff17\u5e74\uff09\uff13\uff0d\uff12\uff18\u9875\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u53c2\u9605\uff18\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n

[51] \u5362\u66fc\u300a\u4fe1\u8d56\u300b\uff08\u524d\u5f15\uff09\uff16\uff10\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n

[52] \u8be6\u89c1\u5362\u66fc\u300a\u6cd5\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u300b\uff08\u6751\u4e0a\u6df3\u4e00\u3001\u516d\u672c\u4f73\u5e73\u8bd1\uff0c\u5ca9\u6ce2\u4e66\u5e97\uff0c\uff11\uff19\uff17\uff17\u5e74\uff09\uff13\uff17\u9875\u4ee5\u4e0b\u3002\u987a\u4fbf\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u6211\u7684\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u628a\u63e1\u5362\u66fc\u5173\u4e8e\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0e\u73af\u5883\u4e4b\u95f4\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u8bba\u8ff0\u7684\u5173\u952e\u5e94\u8be5\u5728\u4e8e\u5c24\u514b\u65af\u594e\u5c14\uff08Jakob J. B. von Uexk\u00fcll\uff09\u7684\u201c\u73af\u5883\u4e16\u754c\u201d\u5b66\u8bf4\u53ca\u5176\u4e0e\u80e1\u585e\u5c14\u73b0\u8c61\u5b66\u3001\u6d77\u5fb7\u683c\u5c14\u54f2\u5b66\u4ee5\u53ca\u7ef4\u7eb3\u64cd\u8235\u5f0f\u63a7\u5236\u8bba\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u627f\u7ee7\u8c31\u7cfb\u3002\u53c2\u9605\u5c24\u514b\u65af\u594e\u5c14\u300a\u751f\u547d\u7684\u5267\u573a\u300b\uff08\u5165\u6c5f\u91cd\u5409\u3001\u5bfa\u4e95\u4fca\u6b63\u8bd1\uff0c\u535a\u54c1\u793e\uff0c\uff11\uff19\uff19\uff15\u5e74\uff09\u3001\u5c24\u514b\u65af\u594e\u5c14\u3001\u514b\u91cc\u8428\u7279\uff08Georg Kriszat\uff09\u300a\u751f\u7269\u770b\u5230\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u300b\uff08\u65e5\u9ad8\u654f\u9686\u3001\u7fbd\u7530\u8282\u5b50\u8bd1\uff0c\u5ca9\u6ce2\u4e66\u5e97\uff0c\uff12\uff10\uff10\uff15\u5e74\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

[53] \u4ece\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u628a\u63e1\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u4f53\u7cfb\u5316\u89e3\u8bf4\uff0c\u89c1\u8d21\u5854\u00b7\u6258\u4f9d\u5e03\u7eb3\u300a\u6cd5\u5f8b\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u81ea\u521b\u751f\u7cfb\u7edf\u300b\uff08\u5f20\u797a\u8bd1\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c\uff12\uff10\uff10\uff15\u5e74\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

[54] \u5173\u4e8e\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e16\u754c\u89c2\u4ee5\u5929\u4eba\u5408\u4e00\u4e3a\u4e3b\u5bfc\u4ee5\u53ca\u7531\u4e0d\u6267\u7740\u800c\u5f15\u8d77\u7684\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\uff0c\u53c2\u9605\u5f20\u4e16\u82f1\u300a\u5929\u4eba\u4e4b\u9645\u2015\u2015\u4e2d\u897f\u54f2\u5b66\u7684\u56f0\u60d1\u4e0e\u9009\u62e9\u300b\uff08\u4eba\u6c11\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c\uff11\uff19\uff19\uff15\u5e74\uff09\u3002\u7279\u522b\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u9646\u8c61\u5c71\u628a\u610f\u601d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u672c\u4f53\uff0c\u628a\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5a92\u4ecb\uff0c\u4e3b\u5f20\u901a\u8fc7\u201c\u51cf\u201d\u7684\u5de5\u592b\u6765\u6d88\u9664\u4eba\u5fc3\u4e0e\u4e16\u754c\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u9694\u9602\uff0c\u53bb\u6b64\u5fc3\u4e4b\u853d\u800c\u56de\u5f52\u201c\u7269\u5404\u4ed8\u7269\u201d\u3001\u201c\u5b87\u5b99\u5373\u543e\u5fc3\u3001\u543e\u5fc3\u5373\u5b87\u5b99\u201d\u7684\u539f\u521d\u72b6\u6001\uff08\u53c2\u9605\u8be5\u4e66\uff13\uff11\uff16\uff0d\uff13\uff11\uff17\u9875\uff09\u3002\u4ed6\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u201c\u51cf\u201d\u7684\u5de5\u592b\u5e76\u975e\u201c\u590d\u6742\u6027\u7684\u7b80\u5316\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5bf9\u590d\u6742\u6027\u7684\u5426\u5b9a\u4e4b\u5426\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>\n

[55] \u5173\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u89c6\u70b9\uff0c\u53c2\u9605\u62d9\u7a3f\u201c\u6cd5\u6cbb\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u2015\u2015\u517c\u8bba\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u6587\u5316\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u89e3\u8bfb\u548c\u53cd\u601d\u201d\u300a\u6218\u7565\u4e0e\u7ba1\u7406\u300b\uff12\uff10\uff10\uff11\u5e74\u7b2c\uff15\u671f\uff16\uff0d\uff11\uff10\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n

[56] \u53c2\u9605\u62d9\u7a3f\u201c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u591a\u5143\u4e0e\u6574\u5408\u2015\u2015\u4e0e\u5fb7\u6c83\u91d1\u6559\u6388\u5546\u69b7\u89e3\u91ca\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bba\u95ee\u9898\u201d\u300a\u6e05\u534e\u6cd5\u5b66\u300b\u7b2c\uff11\u5377\u7b2c\uff11\u671f\uff08\uff12\uff10\uff10\uff12\u5e74\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

[57] As for the idea of \u201crelational distance\u201d, see Donald Black, The Behavior of Law (Academic Press, 1976) pp.40-46\uff0c\u53c2\u9605\u5510\u8d8a\u3001\u82cf\u529b\u4e2d\u8bd1\u672c\uff08\u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u6cd5\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c\uff11\uff19\uff19\uff14\u5e74\uff09\uff14\uff17\uff0d\uff15\uff16\u9875\u3002\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u8fa9\u8bc1\u6cd5\uff1a\u5173\u7cfb\u8ddd\u79bb\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u610f\u5473\u7740\u7f3a\u4e4f\u4fe1\u4efb\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u4e5f\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4ee5\u4fdd\u6301\u8ddd\u79bb\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u56de\u907f\u98ce\u9669\uff0c\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u5177\u6709\u4fe1\u4efb\u6280\u672f\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n

[58] \u5173\u4e8e\u4e2d\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u4eba\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u4e09\u79cd\u57fa\u672c\u7c7b\u578b\u2015\u2015\u60c5\u611f\u6027\u5173\u7cfb\u3001\u6df7\u5408\u6027\u5173\u7cfb\u3001\u5de5\u5177\u6027\u5173\u7cfb\u2015\u2015\u7684\u5206\u6790\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u53c2\u9605\u9ec4\u5149\u56fd\u201c\u4eba\u60c5\u4e0e\u9762\u5b50\uff1a\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u6743\u529b\u6e38\u620f\u201d\uff0c\u540c\u6c0f\uff08\u7f16\uff09\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u6743\u529b\u6e38\u620f\u300b\uff08\u5de8\u6d41\u56fe\u4e66\u516c\u53f8\uff0c\uff11\uff19\uff18\uff18\u5e74\uff09\uff11\uff11\uff0d\uff11\uff19\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n

[59] \u8be6\u89c1\u989d\u6587\u00b7\u9ad8\u592b\u66fc\u300a\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0e\u6f14\u6280\u2015\u2015\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u5448\u73b0\u300b\uff08\u77f3\u9ed1\u6bc5\u8bd1\uff0c\u8bda\u4fe1\u4e66\u623f\uff0c\uff11\uff19\uff17\uff14\u5e74\uff09\u3002\u5173\u4e8e\u4eba\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\u5f62\u5f0f\u548c\u8c61\u5f81\u7b26\u53f7\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u53c2\u9605\u540c\u6c0f\u300a\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e92\u52a8\u7684\u793c\u4eea\u2015\u2015\u9762\u5bf9\u9762\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\uff08\u65b0\u8bd1\u7248\uff09\u300b\uff08\u6d45\u91ce\u654f\u592b\u8bd1\uff0c\u6cd5\u653f\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u5c40\uff0c\uff12\uff10\uff10\uff12\u5e74\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

[60] \u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u798f\u5c71\u4e5f\u5ffd\u89c6\u4e86\u65e5\u672c\u5f0f\u7684\u9ad8\u4fe1\u4efb\u5ea6\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u4f01\u4e1a\u7cfb\u5217\u7ed3\u6784\uff09\u7684\u539f\u578b\u4e5f\u662f\u5bb6\u3001\u540c\u65cf\u4ee5\u53ca\u4eba\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u7f51\u7edc\u3002\u5173\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u53c2\u9605\u6ee8\u53e3\u60e0\u4fca\u300a\u65e5\u672c\u5f0f\u4fe1\u8d56\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u590d\u5174\u2015\u2015\u5168\u7403\u5316\u7684\u95f4\u4eba\u4e3b\u4e49\u300b\uff08\u4e1c\u6d0b\u7ecf\u6d4e\u65b0\u62a5\u793e\uff0c\uff11\uff19\uff19\uff16\u5e74\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

[61] \u90d1\u4e5f\u592b\u6559\u6388\u628a\u7279\u6b8a\u4fe1\u4efb\u7684\u7f29\u51cf\u8d8b\u52bf\u8868\u8ff0\u4e3a\u201c\u8d70\u5411\u6740\u719f\u4e4b\u8def\u201d\uff0c\u8be6\u89c1\u540c\u6c0f\u300a\u4fe1\u4efb\u8bba\u300b\uff08\u524d\u5f15\uff09\u7b2c\uff11\uff13\u7ae0\u3002<\/p>\n

[62] \u4f8b\u5982\u738b\u7ecd\u5149\u3001\u5218\u6b23\u5728\u201c\u4fe1\u4efb\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u201d\uff08\u524d\u5f15\uff09\u4e00\u6587\u4e2d\u6839\u636e\u8c03\u67e5\u8d44\u6599\u53cd\u9a73\u798f\u5c71\u7684\u89c1\u89e3\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u9ad8\u4fe1\u4efb\u5ea6\u793e\u4f1a\u3002<\/p>\n

[63] \u8be6\u89c1\u62d9\u7a3f\u201c\uff11\uff19\uff19\uff10\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u5e02\u6c11\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u610f\u8bc6\u201d\u300a\u795e\u6237\u6cd5\u5b66\u6742\u5fd7\u300b\u7b2c\uff14\uff18\u5377\u7b2c\uff12\u53f7\uff08\uff11\uff19\uff19\uff18\u5e74\uff09\uff11\uff19\uff11\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n

[64] \u636e\u95f5\u7426\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u6cbb\u6587\u5316\u2015\u2015\u6c11\u4e3b\u653f\u6cbb\u96be\u4ea7\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u56e0\u7d20\u300b\uff08\u4e91\u5357\u4eba\u6c11\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c\uff11\uff19\uff18\uff19\u5e74\uff09\uff0c\u9ad8\u89c1\u6cfd\u78e8\u7b49\u65e5\u8bd1\u672c\uff08\u7530\u4f43\u4e66\u5e97\uff0c\uff11\uff19\uff19\uff11\u5e74\uff09\uff11\uff11\uff10\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n

[65] \u62d9\u7a3f\u201c\uff11\uff19\uff19\uff10\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u5e02\u6c11\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u610f\u8bc6\u201d\uff08\u524d\u5f15\uff09\uff11\uff19\uff12\uff0d\uff11\uff19\uff13\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n

[66] \u540c\u4e0a\uff0c\uff12\uff11\uff10\uff0d\uff12\uff11\uff11\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n

[67] \u89c1\u5343\u77f3\u4fdd\u3001\u4e01\u8c26\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u2015\u2015\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u610f\u8bc6\u4e0e\u4eba\u751f\u98ce\u683c\u300b\uff08\u8d5b\u9a6c\u5362\u51fa\u7248\u4f1a\uff0c\uff11\uff19\uff19\uff12\u5e74\uff09\uff12\uff15\uff17\uff0d\uff12\uff16\uff10\u9875\u3002\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u662f\uff0c\uff11\uff19\uff19\uff15\u5e74\u201c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u6cd5\u5f8b\u610f\u8bc6\u201d\u95ee\u5377\u8c03\u67e5\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u90a3\u4e9b\u5bf9\u4ed6\u4eba\u4fe1\u4efb\u5ea6\u8f83\u4f4e\u7684\u4e2d\u5e74\u4eba\u5bf9\u65e0\u6cd5\u72b6\u6001\u6301\u6700\u5f3a\u70c8\u7684\u5426\u5b9a\u6001\u5ea6\uff0c\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u62e5\u62a4\u6cd5\u6cbb\u79e9\u5e8f\u3002\u89c1\u52a0\u85e4\u96c5\u4fe1\u3001\u9ea6\u514b\u5c14\u00b7\u6768\u201c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u610f\u8bc6\u2015\u2015\uff11\uff19\uff19\uff15\u5e74\u4e2d\u56fd\u5168\u56fd\u8c03\u67e5\uff08\uff13\uff09\u201d\u300a\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4eba\u300b\u7b2c\uff11\uff11\uff17\uff13\u53f7\uff08\uff12\uff10\uff10\uff10\u5e74\uff09\uff11\uff12\uff15\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n

[68] \u8d39\u5b5d\u901a\u300a\u4e61\u571f\u4e2d\u56fd\u300b\uff08\u4e09\u8054\u4e66\u5e97\u3001\uff11\uff19\uff18\uff15\u5e74\uff09\u7b2c\uff14\u7bc7\u548c\u7b2c\uff15\u7bc7\u3002<\/p>\n

[69] Cf. Aks Zaheer, B. McEvily and V. Perrone, \u201cDoes Trust Matter?Exploring the Effects of Interorganizational and Interpersonal Trust on Performance\u201d, Organization Science Vol. 9 No. 2 (1998) pp.141-159.<\/p>\n

[70] \u5c71\u5cb8\u4fca\u7537\u300a\u4fe1\u8d56\u7684\u6784\u9020\u300b\uff08\u524d\u5f15\uff09\uff11\uff14\uff0d\uff12\uff10\u9875\u5bf9\u8bf8\u5982\u6b64\u7c7b\u7684\u6096\u8bba\u6709\u8be6\u7ec6\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002<\/p>\n

[71] \u8be6\u89c1\u62d9\u8457\u300a\u73b0\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u6cd5\u5236\u53d8\u8fc1\u300b\uff08\u65e5\u672c\u8bc4\u8bba\u793e\uff0c\uff12\uff10\uff10\uff11\u5e74\uff09\u7b2c\u4e09\u90e8\u7b2c\u4e00\u7ae0\u201c\u57fa\u4e8e\u76f8\u4e92\u6027\u7684\u6cd5\u53ca\u5176\u6267\u884c\u201d\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\uff12\uff16\uff17\uff0d\uff12\uff16\uff18\u9875\uff0c\uff12\uff19\uff10\uff0d\uff12\uff19\uff11\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n

[72] \u6b63\u5982\u5f20\u7ef4\u8fce\u300a\u4fe1\u606f\u3001\u4fe1\u4efb\u4e0e\u6cd5\u5f8b\u300b\uff08\u524d\u5f15\uff09\uff13\uff11\uff15\u9875\u6240\u8bf4\uff0c\u5224\u51b3\u7684\u6267\u884c\u6548\u7387\u8fc7\u4f4e\u4f1a\u5f15\u8d77\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0d\u4fe1\u548c\u9000\u51fa\u53f8\u6cd5\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4ed6\u4ece\u5e02\u573a\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u6765\u5206\u6790\u89c4\u8303\u4e0e\u4fe1\u4efb\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u7684\u662f\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7684\u6fc0\u52b1\u673a\u5236\u3002<\/p>\n

[73] \u53c2\u9605\u6765\u6816\u4e09\u90ce\u300a\u6cd5\u4e0e\u865a\u6784\u300b\uff08\u4e1c\u4eac\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u4f1a\uff0c\uff11\uff19\uff19\uff19\u5e74\uff09\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\uff12\uff13\u9875\u4ee5\u4e0b\u3002<\/p>\n

[74] \u5362\u66fc\u201c\u7b2c\uff11\uff12\u5934\u9a86\u9a7c\u7684\u8fd4\u8fd8\u2015\u2015\u6cd5\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u5206\u6790\u7684\u6db5\u610f\u201d\uff0c\u8d21\u5854\u00b7\u6258\u4f9d\u5e03\u7eb3\uff08\u7f16\uff09\u300a\u5362\u66fc\uff1a\u6cd5\u4e0e\u6b63\u4e49\u7684\u6096\u8bba\u300b\uff08\u5bc6\u6d85\u74e6\u4e66\u623f\uff0c\uff12\uff10\uff10\uff16\u5e74\uff09\uff12\uff0d\uff17\uff14\u9875\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u7b2c\uff11\u8282\uff0d\u7b2c\uff13\u8282\u3002<\/p>\n

[75] \u539f\u5178\u662f L. L. Fuller and William R. Perdue, Jr. \u201cThe Reliance Interest in Contract Damages\u201d, pts.1-2, Yale Law Journal Vol.46 No. 1(1936) pp. 52-96, No. 3 (1937) pp.373-420. \u4e3b\u8981\u8bba\u70b9\u7684\u8bc4\u8ff0\uff0c\u53c2\u9605\u5185\u7530\u8d35\u300a\u5951\u7ea6\u7684\u518d\u751f\u300b\uff08\u5f18\u6587\u5802\uff0c\uff11\uff19\uff19\uff10\u5e74\uff09\uff11\uff11\uff19\uff0d\uff11\uff12\uff19\u9875\u3002\u66f4\u8be6\u5c3d\u7684\u8003\u5bdf\u89c1\u5409\u7530\u90a6\u5f66\u201c\u7f8e\u5229\u575a\u5951\u7ea6\u6cd5\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u635f\u5bb3\u8d54\u507f\u5229\u76ca\u8bba\u2015\u2015\u2018\u6cd5\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u2019\u6279\u5224\u7814\u7a76\u77a5\u89c1\u201d\u300a\u7f8e\u5229\u575a\u6cd5\u300b\uff11\uff19\uff19\uff12\u5e74\u53f7\uff12\uff14\uff15\uff0d\uff12\uff18\uff11\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n

[76] See P. S. Atiyah, Essays on Contract (Clarendon Press\u00b7Oxford, 1990), esp. pp.73-92, 355-385. \u6709\u5173\u8bc4\u8ff0\uff0c\u53c2\u9605\u5185\u7530\u8d35\u00b7\u524d\u5f15\u4e66\uff11\uff13\uff10\uff0d\uff11\uff14\uff12\u9875\u3002Cf. also David Campbell and Donald Harris, \u201cFlexibility in Long-term Contractual Relationships: The Role of Co-operation\u201d, Journal of Law and Society Vol. 20 No.2 (1993) pp.166-191.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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