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<\/p>\n
\uff08\u4e00\uff09\u6700\u4f4e\u5de5\u8d44\u7684\u542b\u4e49<\/p>\n
1\u3001\u6700\u4f4e\u5de5\u8d44\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u754c\u5b9a\u3002\u52b3\u52a8\u90e8\u300a\u5173\u4e8e\u8d2f\u5f7b\u6267\u884c\u3008\u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u52b3\u52a8\u6cd5\u3009\u82e5\u5e72\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u610f\u89c1\u300b\uff08\u52b3\u90e8\u53d1[1995]309\u53f7\uff09\u7b2c54\u6761\u89c4\u5b9a\uff1a\u52b3\u52a8\u6cd5\u7b2c\u56db\u5341\u516b\u6761\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u6700\u4f4e\u5de5\u8d44\u201d\u662f\u6307\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u5728\u6cd5\u5b9a\u5de5\u4f5c\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u5c65\u884c\u4e86\u6b63\u5e38\u52b3\u52a8\u4e49\u52a1\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u4e0b\uff0c\u7531\u5176\u6240\u5728\u5355\u4f4d\u652f\u4ed8\u7684\u6700\u4f4e\u52b3\u52a8\u62a5\u916c\u3002<\/p>\n
2004\u5e741\u670820\u65e5\uff0c\u52b3\u52a8\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u4fdd\u969c\u90e8\u5728\u300a\u6700\u4f4e\u5de5\u8d44\u89c4\u5b9a\u300b\uff08\u52b3\u52a8\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u4fdd\u969c\u90e8\u4ee4\u7b2c21\u53f7\uff09\u7b2c\u4e09\u6761\u4e2d\u5bf9\u6700\u4f4e\u5de5\u8d44\u6982\u5ff5\u4f5c\u4e86\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u660e\u786e\uff1a\u201c\u672c\u89c4\u5b9a\u6240\u79f0\u6700\u4f4e\u5de5\u8d44\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u662f\u6307\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u5728\u6cd5\u5b9a\u5de5\u4f5c\u65f6\u95f4\u6216\u4f9d\u6cd5\u7b7e\u8ba2\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u5408\u540c\u7ea6\u5b9a\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u6b63\u5e38\u52b3\u52a8\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u4e0b\uff0c\u7528\u4eba\u5355\u4f4d\u4f9d\u6cd5\u5e94\u652f\u4ed8\u7684\u6700\u4f4e\u52b3\u52a8\u62a5\u916c\u3002\u672c\u89c4\u5b9a\u6240\u79f0\u6b63\u5e38\u52b3\u52a8\uff0c\u662f\u6307\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u6309\u4f9d\u6cd5\u7b7e\u8ba2\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u5408\u540c\u7ea6\u5b9a\uff0c\u5728\u6cd5\u5b9a\u5de5\u4f5c\u65f6\u95f4\u6216\u52b3\u52a8\u5408\u540c\u7ea6\u5b9a\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u4ece\u4e8b\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n
\u6700\u4f4e\u5de5\u8d44\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\uff1a\u4e00\u662f\u6708\u6700\u4f4e\u5de5\u8d44\u6807\u51c6\u2014\u2014\u2014\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5168\u65e5\u5236\u5c31\u4e1a\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\uff1b\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u662f\u5c0f\u65f6\u6700\u4f4e\u5de5\u8d44\u6807\u51c6\u2014\u2014\u2014\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u975e\u5168\u65e5\u5236\u5c31\u4e1a\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u3002\u5de5\u8d44\u5b9e\u884c\u8ba1\u4ef6\u5236\u6216\u63d0\u6210\u7b49\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u7528\u4eba\u5355\u4f4d\uff0c\u5728\u786e\u4fdd\u52b3\u52a8\u5b9a\u989d\u79d1\u5b66\u3001\u5408\u7406\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u7684\u5de5\u8d44\u652f\u4ed8\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5f97\u4f4e\u4e8e\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u6700\u4f4e\u5de5\u8d44\u6807\u51c6\u3002<\/p>\n
2\u3001\u6700\u4f4e\u5de5\u8d44\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u3002\u5efa\u7acb\u5065\u5168\u6700\u4f4e\u5de5\u8d44\u5236\u5ea6\u5e76\u4e25\u683c\u6267\u884c\u662f\u653f\u5e9c\u8c03\u8282\u4f01\u4e1a\u5de5\u8d44\u5206\u914d\u7684\u4e00\u9879\u91cd\u8981\u63aa\u65bd\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u9879\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u5de5\u8d44\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u5176\u5177\u6709\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u610f\u4e49\uff1a<\/p>\n
\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u5b83\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u7ef4\u62a4\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u7684\u5408\u6cd5\u6743\u76ca\uff0c\u80fd\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u4fdd\u969c\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u4e2a\u4eba\u53ca\u5176\u5bb6\u5ead\u6210\u5458\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u751f\u6d3b\u3002\u5b83\u662f\u4e2a\u4eba\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u521d\u7ea7\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u7269\u8d28\u751f\u6d3b\u8d44\u6599\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6765\u6e90\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u5b83\u8fd8\u80fd\u5728\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u9010\u6b65\u5408\u7406\u63d0\u9ad8\u4f4e\u6536\u5165\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u7684\u5de5\u8d44\u6c34\u5e73\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u63a8\u52a8\u793e\u4f1a\u6574\u4f53\u5de5\u8d44\u6c34\u5e73\u7684\u63d0\u9ad8\uff0c\u6539\u53d8\u6211\u56fd\u957f\u65f6\u671f\u4f4e\u6536\u5165\u5206\u914d\u7684\u72b6\u51b5\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u751f\u6d3b\u6c34\u5e73\u3002<\/p>\n
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\u518d\u6b21\uff0c\u5b83\u4e5f\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u6539\u5584\u5de5\u8d44\u5206\u914d\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u904f\u5236\u90e8\u5206\u4f01\u4e1a\u4e71\u6263\u6ee5\u7f5a\u3001\u968f\u610f\u538b\u4f4e\u5de5\u4eba\u5de5\u8d44\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u53d1\u751f\uff0c\u4f7f\u6211\u56fd\u4f01\u4e1a\u5de5\u8d44\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u8c03\u6574\u9010\u6b65\u8d70\u4e0a\u6cd5\u5236\u5316\u7684\u8f68\u9053\uff0c\u4fc3\u8fdb\u793e\u4f1a\u516c\u5e73\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u8c10\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6700\u4f4e\u5de5\u8d44\u4fdd\u969c\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u5b9e\u65bd\uff0c\u5bf9\u4fc3\u8fdb\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u5e02\u573a\u7684\u53d1\u80b2\uff0c\u4fc3\u8fdb\u5de5\u8d44\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u5de5\u8d44\u652f\u4ed8\u7684\u6cd5\u5236\u5316\uff0c\u52a0\u5f3a\u4f01\u4e1a\u5de5\u8d44\u6536\u5165\u7684\u5b8f\u89c2\u8c03\u63a7\uff0c\u5236\u6b62\u90e8\u5206\u4f01\u4e1a\u8fc7\u5206\u538b\u4f4e\u804c\u5de5\u5de5\u8d44\uff0c\u4fdd\u62a4\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u7684\u5408\u6cd5\u6743\u76ca\uff0c\u90fd\u53d1\u6325\u7740\u79ef\u6781\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n
3\u3001\u6211\u56fd\u76ee\u524d\u7684\u6700\u4f4e\u5de5\u8d44\u5236\u5ea6\u3002\u6211\u56fd\u6700\u65e9\u57281984\u5e74\u5ba3\u5e03\u6279\u51c6\u627f\u8ba4\u56fd\u9645\u52b3\u52a8\u7ec4\u7ec71928\u5e74\u5236\u5b9a\u7684\u300a\u786e\u5b9a\u6700\u4f4e\u5de5\u8d44\u529e\u6cd5\u516c\u7ea6\u300b\u30021993\u5e74\uff0c\u52b3\u52a8\u90e8\u5236\u5b9a\u4e86\u300a\u4f01\u4e1a\u6700\u4f4e\u5de5\u8d44\u89c4\u5b9a\u300b\u7684\u884c\u653f\u89c4\u7ae0\uff0c\u660e\u786e\u5ba3\u544a\u4e86\u6211\u56fd\u6700\u4f4e\u5de5\u8d44\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u786e\u7acb\u30021995\u5e741\u67081\u65e5\u8d77\u65bd\u884c\u7684\u300a\u52b3\u52a8\u6cd5\u300b\u7b2c\u4e94\u7ae0\u660e\u786e\u89c4\u5b9a\uff1a\u201c\u56fd\u5bb6\u5b9e\u884c\u6700\u4f4e\u5de5\u8d44\u4fdd\u969c\u5236\u5ea6\u3002\u6700\u4f4e\u5de5\u8d44\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u6807\u51c6\u7531\u7701\u3001\u81ea\u6cbb\u533a\u3001\u76f4\u8f96\u5e02\u4eba\u6c11\u653f\u5e9c\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u62a5\u56fd\u52a1\u9662\u5907\u6848\u3002\u201d2004\u5e743\u67081\u65e5\u8d77\u5b9e\u65bd\u7684\u300a\u6700\u4f4e\u5de5\u8d44\u89c4\u5b9a\u300b\uff0c\u5bf9\u6700\u4f4e\u5de5\u8d44\u7684\u9002\u7528\u3001\u5f62\u5f0f\u3001\u7ec4\u6210\u3001\u8fdd\u53cd\u6700\u4f4e\u5de5\u8d44\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u6551\u6d4e\u63aa\u65bd\u548c\u4e89\u8bae\u5904\u7406\u7b49\u4f5c\u4e86\u660e\u786e\u7684\u89c4\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>\n
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1\u3001\u6700\u4f4e\u5de5\u8d44\u6807\u51c6\u786e\u5b9a\u53ca\u8c03\u6574\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u95ee\u9898<\/p>\n
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\uff083\uff09\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u53d7\u5904\u7f5a\u540e\u7684\u5de5\u8d44\u4f4e\u4e8e\u6700\u4f4e\u5de5\u8d44\u6807\u51c6\u3002\u6700\u4f4e\u5de5\u8d44\u4fdd\u969c\u662f\u6307\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u5728\u67d0\u4e00\u5de5\u8d44\u652f\u4ed8\u5468\u671f\u5185\u5b9e\u9645\u62ff\u5230\u624b\u7684\uff0c\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u4e2a\u4eba\u6216\u8005\u5bb6\u5ead\u652f\u914d\u7684\u5de5\u8d44\u4e0d\u5f97\u4f4e\u4e8e\u5f53\u5730\u653f\u5e9c\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\u6700\u4f4e\u5de5\u8d44\u6807\u51c6\u3002\u5982\u679c\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u5728\u8be5\u5de5\u8d44\u652f\u4ed8\u5468\u671f\u5185\u9700\u8981\u7528\u5de5\u8d44\u627f\u62c5\u67d0\u79cd\u5904\u7f5a\u8d23\u4efb\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u6240\u5f97\u5de5\u8d44\u6263\u9664\u7f5a\u6b3e\u540e\u7684\u5269\u4f59\u90e8\u5206\u4ecd\u4e0d\u5f97\u4f4e\u4e8e\u6700\u4f4e\u5de5\u8d44\u6807\u51c6\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u4f4e\u4e8e\u6700\u4f4e\u5de5\u8d44\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u5219\u662f\u5bf9\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u5408\u6cd5\u5de5\u8d44\u6743\u76ca\u7684\u4fb5\u5bb3\u3002<\/p>\n
\uff084\uff09\u5411\u8bd5\u7528\u671f\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u652f\u4ed8\u4f4e\u4e8e\u6700\u4f4e\u5de5\u8d44\u6807\u51c6\u7684\u5de5\u8d44\u3002\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u83b7\u5f97\u6700\u4f4e\u5de5\u8d44\u4fdd\u969c\uff0c\u662f\u5168\u65b9\u4f4d\u7684\u4fdd\u969c\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u5168\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u4fdd\u969c\uff0c\u4e0d\u8bba\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u662f\u5728\u8bd5\u7528\u671f\u5185\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u5728\u8bd5\u7528\u671f\u6ee1\uff0c\u90fd\u5e94\u83b7\u5f97\u6700\u4f4e\u5de5\u8d44\u4fdd\u969c\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u8bd5\u7528\u671f\u95f4\u7684\u5de5\u8d44\uff0c\u4e0d\u5f97\u4f4e\u4e8e\u6700\u4f4e\u5de5\u8d44\u6807\u51c6\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u4f4e\u4e8e\u6700\u4f4e\u5de5\u8d44\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u5219\u662f\u5bf9\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u5408\u6cd5\u5de5\u8d44\u6743\u76ca\u7684\u4fb5\u5bb3\u3002<\/p>\n
\u7efc\u4e0a\u53ef\u89c1\uff0c\u6211\u56fd\u76ee\u524d\u6700\u4f4e\u5de5\u8d44\u5236\u5ea6\u8fd8\u5b58\u5728\u8bb8\u591a\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u56fd\u5bb6\u5b8f\u89c2\u8c03\u63a7\u4f5c\u7528\u4e0d\u591f\uff1b\u5404\u5730\u533a\u6700\u4f4e\u5de5\u8d44\u6807\u51c6\u7684\u6d4b\u7b97\u5236\u5b9a\u4e0d\u591f\u79d1\u5b66\u5408\u7406\uff1b\u5c1a\u672a\u5f62\u6210\u4e0e\u672c\u5730\u533a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\u72b6\u51b5\u76f8\u9002\u5e94\u7684\u6700\u4f4e\u5de5\u8d44\u8c03\u6574\u673a\u5236\uff1b\u6700\u4f4e\u5de5\u8d44\u7684\u7acb\u6cd5\u5c42\u6b21\u8f83\u4f4e\uff1b\u6700\u4f4e\u5de5\u8d44\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u5f3a\u5236\u6027\u4e0d\u8db3\uff1b\u6700\u4f4e\u5de5\u8d44\u5236\u5ea6\u6267\u884c\u7684\u76d1\u7763\u68c0\u67e5\u4e0d\u529b\u7b49\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
\u4e8c\u3001\u5b8c\u5584\u6211\u56fd\u7684\u6700\u4f4e\u5de5\u8d44\u5236\u5ea6<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
\uff08\u4e00\uff09\u6700\u4f4e\u5de5\u8d44\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u56fd\u5916\u501f\u9274<\/p>\n
\u56fd\u5916\u6700\u4f4e\u5de5\u8d44\u5236\u5ea6\u5df2\u7ecf\u5386\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u591a\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u5b9e\u8df5\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u5df2\u6bd4\u8f83\u5b8c\u5584\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u65bd\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e5f\u7075\u6d3b\u591a\u6837\uff0c\u5728\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u5bf9\u5b8c\u5584\u6211\u56fd\u7684\u6700\u4f4e\u5de5\u8d44\u5236\u5ea6\u5177\u6709\u79ef\u6781\u7684\u501f\u9274\u610f\u4e49\u3002<\/p>\n
1\u3001\u5168\u56fd\u6027\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u5168\u56fd\u6027\u6a21\u5f0f\u4ee5\u6cd5\u56fd\u4e3a\u5178\u578b\u4ee3\u8868\uff1a\u6700\u4f4e\u5de5\u8d44\u5236\u5ea6\u8986\u76d6\u5168\u56fd\u8303\u56f4\uff0c\u5168\u56fd\u5b9e\u884c\u7edf\u4e00\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u5b9a\u65f6\u8c03\u6574\u6700\u4f4e\u5de5\u8d44\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u8c03\u6574\u5e45\u5ea6\u4e00\u822c\u4ee5\u6d88\u8d39\u7269\u4ef7\u6307\u6570\u548c\u5e73\u5747\u5de5\u8d44\u6c34\u5e73\u6307\u6570\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u6765\u786e\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>\n
2\u3001\u884c\u4e1a\u6027\uff08\u5de5\u79cd\u578b\uff09\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u884c\u4e1a\u6027\u6a21\u5f0f\u4ee5\u97e9\u56fd\u4e3a\u5178\u578b\u4ee3\u8868\uff1a\u6839\u636e\u56fd\u5185\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u884c\u4e1a\u53ca\u5de5\u79cd\u786e\u7acb\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6700\u4f4e\u5de5\u8d44\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u5176\u6807\u51c6\u4e3b\u8981\u53c2\u8003\u751f\u6d3b\u8d39\u7528\u3001\u540c\u7c7b\u5de5\u4eba\u7684\u5de5\u8d44\u6c34\u5e73\u548c\u52b3\u52a8\u751f\u4ea7\u7387\u6765\u786e\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>\n
3\u3001\u6df7\u5408\u578b\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u6df7\u5408\u578b\u6a21\u5f0f\u4ee5\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e3a\u5178\u578b\u4ee3\u8868\uff1a\u56fd\u5185\u5404\u4e2a\u5730\u533a\u5236\u5b9a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6700\u4f4e\u5de5\u8d44\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u9664\u56fd\u5bb6\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\u6700\u4f4e\u5de5\u8d44\u6807\u51c6\u5916\uff0c\u5404\u5730\u533a\u6839\u636e\u5404\u81ea\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u6309\u7167\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u5bf9\u6700\u4f4e\u5de5\u8d44\u4e88\u4ee5\u9650\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>\n
\uff08\u4e8c\uff09\u6211\u56fd\u6700\u4f4e\u5de5\u8d44\u5236\u5ea6\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u9014\u5f84<\/p>\n
1\u3001\u660e\u786e\u6700\u4f4e\u5de5\u8d44\u7684\u7acb\u6cd5\u6a21\u5f0f<\/p>\n
\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u8981\u660e\u786e\u5236\u5b9a\u6700\u4f4e\u5de5\u8d44\u6807\u51c6\u7684\u673a\u6784\u3002\u76ee\u524d\uff0c\u6211\u56fd\u662f\u7531\u884c\u653f\u673a\u5173\u4ee5\u653f\u4ee4\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u786e\u5b9a\u5404\u5730\u7684\u6700\u4f4e\u5de5\u8d44\u6807\u51c6\u3002\u4e3a\u79d1\u5b66\u3001\u5408\u7406\u5730\u5236\u5b9a\u6700\u4f4e\u5de5\u8d44\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u7b14\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5e94\u5f53\u6210\u7acb\u6700\u4f4e\u5de5\u8d44\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\uff0c\u7531\u4e13\u95e8\u673a\u6784\u4f1a\u540c\u52b3\u8d44\u53cc\u65b9\u4ee3\u8868\u7ec4\u6210\u6700\u4f4e\u5de5\u8d44\u5ba1\u8bae\u4f1a\u5236\u5b9a\u5e76\u8c03\u6574\u6700\u4f4e\u5de5\u8d44\u7684\u7edd\u5bf9\u6570\u989d\uff1b\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u8981\u660e\u786e\u6700\u4f4e\u5de5\u8d44\u8fd0\u884c\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u6839\u636e\u6211\u56fd\u5404\u5730\u533a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\u4e0d\u5e73\u8861\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u6211\u56fd\u6709\u7406\u7531\u5b9e\u884c\u6df7\u5408\u578b\u7684\u6700\u4f4e\u5de5\u8d44\u8fd0\u884c\u6a21\u5f0f\uff1b\u518d\u6b21\uff0c\u8981\u660e\u786e\u6700\u4f4e\u5de5\u8d44\u6807\u51c6\u7684\u786e\u5b9a\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u8981\u79d1\u5b66\u5408\u7406\u5730\u8c03\u6574\u6700\u4f4e\u5de5\u8d44\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8981\u516c\u5f00\u3001\u900f\u660e\u3002<\/p>\n
2\u3001\u660e\u786e\u6700\u4f4e\u5de5\u8d44\u6807\u51c6\u7684\u8c03\u6574\u65b9\u5f0f<\/p>\n
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