{"id":405,"date":"2013-05-06T19:15:54","date_gmt":"2012-10-03T09:07:43","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/laborboost.com\/course201304\/?p=405"},"modified":"2025-11-13T14:52:18","modified_gmt":"2025-11-13T06:52:18","slug":"%e5%8a%b3%e5%8a%a8%e5%85%b3%e7%b3%bb%e6%b3%95%e5%be%8b%e8%b0%83%e6%95%b4%e6%a8%a1%e5%bc%8f%e8%ae%ba-%e4%bb%8e%e3%80%8a%e5%8a%b3%e5%8a%a8%e5%90%88%e5%90%8c%e6%b3%95%e3%80%8b%e7%9a%84","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/start.shehuifa.com\/?p=405","title":{"rendered":"\u52b3\u52a8\u5173\u7cfb\u6cd5\u5f8b\u8c03\u6574\u6a21\u5f0f\u8bba\u2014\u2014\u4ece\u300a\u52b3\u52a8\u5408\u540c\u6cd5\u300b\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\u89e3\u8bfb"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u4e00\u3001\u8c03\u6574\u6a21\u5f0f\u6982\u8ff0<\/p>\n

\u6cd5\u5f8b\u8c03\u6574\u6a21\u5f0f\u662f\u6307\u6cd5\u5f8b\u8c03\u6574\u793e\u4f1a\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3001\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u800c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u8c03\u6574\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u6307\u5bf9\u793e\u4f1a\u5173\u7cfb\u65bd\u52a0\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3001\u65b9\u5f0f\u3001\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u603b\u548c\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u6cd5\u5f8b\u8c03\u6574\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u7814\u7a76\u8fd0\u7528\u4e8e\u8c03\u6574\u793e\u4f1a\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u201c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5de5\u5177\u5e93\u201d\u3002[1]\uff08P250\uff09\u57fa\u4e8e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u6cd5\u5f8b\u8c03\u6574\u65b9\u6cd5\u8fdb\u884c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5206\u7c7b\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4ee5\u4e3b\u4f53\u7684\u76f8\u5bf9\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u4e3a\u201c\u4f7f\u7528\u5e73\u6743\u6216\u4f7f\u7528\u96b6\u5c5e\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u8c03\u6574\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u201d[2]\uff08P251\uff09\u5373\u81ea\u6cbb\u548c\u5f3a\u5236\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n

\uff08\u4e00\uff09\u8c03\u6574\u6a21\u5f0f\u5dee\u5f02\u7684\u672c\u8d28\uff1a\u5229\u76ca<\/p>\n

\u201c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u8c03\u6574\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u8c03\u6574\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5c3d\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u8fd0\u7528\u4ec0\u4e48\u6837\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u8c03\u6574\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e8e\u6cd5\u5f8b\u8c03\u6574\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e0d\u540c\u3001\u65b9\u6cd5\u6709\u5f02\u3002\u201d [3]\uff08P251\uff09\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7684\u8c03\u6574\u5bf9\u8c61\u662f\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u610f\u5fd7\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5176\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u610f\u5fd7\u6027\u5728\u4e8e\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u548c\u534f\u8c03\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c20\u4e16\u7eaa\u5229\u76ca\u6cd5\u5b66\u521b\u59cb\u4eba\u83f2\u529b\u666e\uff1f\u8d6b\u514b\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u5229\u76ca\u662f\u6cd5\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u5404\u79cd\u5229\u76ca\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u8868\u73b0\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u5b89\u6392\u548c\u5e73\u8861\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n

\u81ea\u6cbb\u7684\u8c03\u6574\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u79c1\u6cd5\u7684\u4e2a\u4f53\u5229\u76ca\u3002\u79c1\u6cd5\u662f\u8c03\u6574\u5e73\u7b49\u4e3b\u4f53\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8d22\u4ea7\u5173\u7cfb\u548c\u4eba\u8eab\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u89c4\u8303\uff0c\u5176\u6838\u5fc3\u539f\u5219\u4e3a\u79c1\u6cd5\u81ea\u6cbb\uff0c\u800c\u5176\u6574\u4e2a\u4f53\u7cfb\u5f97\u4ee5\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u662f\u79c1\u4e3b\u4f53\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7406\u6027\u4eba\u57fa\u4e8e\u4e2a\u4eba\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u8003\u91cf\u505a\u51fa\u7684\u610f\u5fd7\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u9ed1\u683c\u5c14\u7ed9\u5e02\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u603b\u7ed3\u4e86\u4e24\u6761\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u4e00\u662f\u5e02\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u4e2a\u4f53\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ee5\u6ee1\u8db3\u81ea\u5df1\u6b32\u671b\u7684\u81ea\u5229\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e0d\u5728\u4e4e\u522b\u4eba\u7684\u6b32\u671b\u662f\u5426\u5f97\u5230\u6ee1\u8db3\uff1b\u4e8c\u662f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u8054\u5408\u4f53\uff0c\u5f7c\u6b64\u4e4b\u95f4\u5fc5\u987b\u76f8\u4e92\u4f9d\u8d56\u3002\u201c\u5229\u5df1\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u5c31\u5728\u5b83\u7684\u53d7\u666e\u904d\u6027\u5236\u7ea6\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e2d\u5efa\u7acb\u8d77\u5728\u4e00\u5207\u65b9\u9762\u76f8\u4e92\u4f9d\u8d56\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u3002\u201d[4]\uff08P198\uff09\u201c\u6c11\u5546\u6cd5<\/a>\u4f5c\u4e3a\u79c1\u6cd5\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u4efb\u4f55\u5e02\u573a\u4e3b\u4f53\u5728\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6d3b\u52a8\u4e2d\u4ec5\u4f9d\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u610f\u5fd7\u51b3\u5b9a\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u6392\u9664\u4efb\u4f55\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u610f\u5fd7\u5f3a\u5236\u3002\u201d[5]<\/p>\n

\u5f3a\u5236\u7684\u8c03\u6574\u65b9\u6cd5\u5219\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u516c\u6cd5\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u5229\u76ca\u3002\u201c\u884c\u653f\u6cd5<\/a>\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u7c7b\u522b\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u9488\u5bf9\u6240\u6709\u5229\u76ca\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5b83\u4ec5\u8c03\u6574\u56fd\u5bb6\u901a\u8fc7\u653f\u5e9c\u8fd0\u7528\u884c\u653f\u624b\u6bb5\u7ef4\u62a4\u516c\u5171\u5229\u76ca\u65f6\u6240\u6d89\u53ca\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u5728\u884c\u653f\u6cd5\u8303\u56f4\u5185\uff0c\u5236\u5ea6\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u53d6\u5411\u662f\u516c\u5171\u5229\u76ca\u4f18\u4e8e\u4e2a\u4eba\u5229\u76ca\u3002\u201d[6]\u884c\u653f\u6cd5\u662f\u516c\u6cd5\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e3b\u4f53\u4e00\u65b9\u7684\u884c\u653f\u673a\u5173\u5177\u6709\u4e3b\u52a8\u6027\u548c\u5355\u65b9\u6027\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4f5c\u4e3a\u56fd\u5bb6\u6743\u529b\u7684\u884c\u4f7f\u8005\uff0c\u60f3\u5f53\u7136\u7684\u4ee5\u516c\u5171\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u81ea\u5c45\uff0c\u201c\u5728\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e2d\uff0c\u5168\u6c11\u548c\u56fd\u5bb6\u662f\u91cd\u53e0\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5168\u6c11\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u673a\u6784\u6765\u4ee3\u8868\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u673a\u6784\u4fbf\u662f\u56fd\u5bb6\u3002\u201d\u201c\u4ece\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u8bf4\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u662f\u5b83\u7684\u6210\u5458\u2014\u2014\u5168\u4f53\u5c45\u6c11\u2014\u2014\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u673a\u6784\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u5229\u76ca\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u5229\u76ca\u662f\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u3002\u201d[7]\uff08P86\uff09<\/p>\n

\u4f46\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u5229\u76ca\u5212\u5206\u7684\u76f8\u5bf9\u6027\u4ee5\u53ca\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5229\u76ca\u4e3b\u4f53\u7684\u201c\u4eba\u201d\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u7684\u591a\u5143\u5316\u2014\u2014\u65e2\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u4e2a\u4f53\u53c8\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u6210\u5458\uff0c\u5373\u5177\u6709\u79c1\u76ca\u6027\u53c8\u5177\u6709\u516c\u76ca\u6027\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u516c\u5171\u5229\u76ca\u672c\u8eab\u5177\u6709\u517c\u5bb9\u6027\u548c\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u516c\u5171\u5229\u76ca\u5bb9\u6613\u88ab\u201c\u6ee5\u7528\u201d\u3002\u201c\u516c\u5171\u5229\u76ca\u6e90\u4e8e\u4e2a\u4eba\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u53c8\u4ee5\u4e2a\u4eba\u5229\u76ca\u4e3a\u4f9d\u5f52\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6574\u4f53\u6027\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u516c\u5171\u5229\u76ca\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u793e\u4f1a\u6210\u5458\u4eab\u6709\uff0c\u975e\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u6216\u4e00\u7c7b\u4eba\u6240\u5784\u65ad\u3002\u201d\u4e9a\u5f53\uff1f\u65af\u5bc6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u201c\u81ea\u5229\u65e2\u662f\u79c1\u4eba\u884c\u52a8\u7684\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u516c\u5171\u884c\u52a8\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u3002\u201d\u201c\u901a\u8fc7\u8ffd\u6c42\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u4ed6\u5e38\u5e38\u4fc3\u8fdb\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u3002\u201d[8]\uff08P25\uff09\u800c\u201c\u56fd\u5bb6\u5177\u6709\u53cc\u91cd\u8eab\u4efd\uff0c\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u653f\u6cbb\u4e3b\u4f53\u6216\u516c\u5171\u6743\u529b\u673a\u5173\uff0c\u5bf9\u5168\u6c11\u8d22\u4ea7\u884c\u4f7f\u7ba1\u7406\u6743\uff1b\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6c11\u4e8b\u4e3b\u4f53\uff0c\u62e5\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8d22\u4ea7\u3001\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6743\uff0c\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u3002\u201d\u53e4\u7f57\u9a6c\u6cd5\u5b66\u5bb6\u76d6\u5c24\u65af\u5728\u300a\u6cd5\u5b66\u9636\u68af\u300b\u4e2d\u6709\u8fc7\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u8868\u8ff0\uff1a\u516c\u6709\u7269\u540d\u4e49\u4e0a\u5f52\u5168\u6c11\u6216\u533a\u57df\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u6240\u6709\uff0c\u4f46\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u7531\u56fd\u5bb6\u7ba1\u7406\u3002\u800c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u201c\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u201d\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u8fd8\u62e5\u6709\u5176\u201c\u81ea\u8eab\u5229\u76ca\u201d\u3002[9]\uff08P93\uff09<\/p>\n

\u516c\u79c1\u6cd5\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u53d6\u5411\u76f8\u5bf9\u660e\u786e\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u4ed6\u4eec\u5404\u81ea\u4e3b\u4f53\u4f5c\u4e3a\u793e\u4f1a\u6210\u5458\u6240\u517c\u5bb9\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u5bb9\u6613\u5728\u5404\u81ea\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u6743\u8861\u4e2d\u88ab\u4fb5\u8680\uff0c\u201c\u56e0\u4e3a\u516c\u6cd5\u4f1a\u4f7f\u5f97\u653f\u5e9c\u8fc7\u591a\u5730\u9650\u5236\u7ecf\u6d4e\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u79c1\u6cd5\u5219\u65e0\u6cd5\u5f71\u54cd\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u6574\u4e2a\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u201d[10]\uff08P4\uff09\u57fa\u4e8e\u201c\u4eba\u201d\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u7684\u8054\u7ed3\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u6df7\u540c\u5177\u6709\u5b9e\u7136\u6027\uff0c\u79c1\u6cd5\u5229\u76ca\u548c\u56fd\u5bb6\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u4ea4\u96c6\u90e8\u5206\u9010\u6e10\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u76f8\u5bf9\u6e05\u6670\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u516c\u5171\u5229\u76ca\u3002\u800c\u4e0e\u4e4b\u76f8\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u8c03\u6574\u65b9\u6cd5\u5219\u9700\u8981\u81ea\u6cbb\u548c\u5f3a\u5236\u7684\u517c\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n

\uff08\u4e8c\uff09\u8c03\u6574\u6a21\u5f0f\u5dee\u5f02\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\uff1a\u89c4\u8303<\/p>\n

\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u201c\u81ea\u6cbb\u201d\u3001\u201c\u5f3a\u5236\u201d\u8fd8\u662f\u201c\u517c\u5bb9\u201d\u7684\u8c03\u6574\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5176\u6700\u7ec8\u90fd\u4ee5\u6cd5\u5f8b\u89c4\u8303\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6587\u672c\u4e2d\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8c03\u6574\u65b9\u6cd5\u4ece\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u8bf4\u662f\u4e0e\u5229\u76ca\u76f8\u5bf9\u5e94\uff0c\u800c\u4ece\u5f62\u5f0f\u800c\u8a00\u5219\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u89c4\u8303\u3002\u4ece\u6211\u56fd\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5236\u5ea6\u53ca\u5b9e\u8df5\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u89c4\u8303\u3001\u8c03\u6574\u793e\u4f1a\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u624b\u6bb5\u53ea\u6709\u4e09\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\uff1a\u201c\u4e00\u662f\u6c11\u6cd5<\/a>\u624b\u6bb5\uff0c\u4e8c\u662f\u884c\u653f\u6cd5\u624b\u6bb5\uff0c\u4e09\u662f\u5211\u7f5a\u624b\u6bb5\u3002\u201d\u5176\u4e2d\u6c11\u6cd5\u7684\u624b\u6bb5\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u79c1\u6cd5\u89c4\u8303\uff0c\u800c\u884c\u653f\u548c\u5211\u7f5a\u624b\u6bb5\u5219\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u662f\u516c\u6cd5\u89c4\u8303\u3002\u201c\u79c1\u6cd5\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u83ab\u8fc7\u4e8e\u4e2a\u4eba\u81ea\u6cbb\u6216\u5176\u81ea\u6211\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u6743\u5229\u201d\u3002[11]\uff08P90\uff09\u79c1\u6cd5\u7684\u7cbe\u9ad3\u5728\u4e8e\u201c\u81ea\u6cbb\u201d\uff0c\u201c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u529f\u80fd\u4e0d\u662f\u6307\u5bfc\u5e72\u9884\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8d4b\u4e88\u4eba\u6c11\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u5177\u6709\u67d0\u79cd\u6cd5\u7684\u6548\u529b\u3002\u201d[12]\uff08P9\uff09\u8868\u8ff0\u79c1\u6cd5\u81ea\u6cbb\u539f\u5219\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u89c4\u8303\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u4efb\u610f\u6027\u89c4\u8303\u3002\u800c\u516c\u6cd5\u662f\u4ee5\u56fd\u5bb6\u6743\u529b\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u8f83\u591a\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u521a\u6027\u7ba1\u5236\u7684\u8c03\u6574\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u800c\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u89c4\u8303\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u5f3a\u884c\u6027\u89c4\u8303\u3002\u9700\u8981\u5f3a\u8c03\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u5c06\u4efb\u610f\u6027\u89c4\u8303\u7b49\u540c\u4e8e\u79c1\u6cd5\u81ea\u6cbb\uff0c\u5c06\u5f3a\u884c\u6027\u89c4\u8303\u7b49\u540c\u4e8e\u516c\u6cd5\u5f3a\u5236\u3002\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u8bf4\u201c\u6c11\u6cd5\u662f\u81ea\u6cbb\u89c4\u8303\uff0c\u662f\u79c1\u6cd5\u89c4\u8303\uff1b\u800c\u7981\u6b62\u6027\u89c4\u8303\u5219\u4e3a\u7ba1\u5236\u6027\u89c4\u8303\uff0c\u5c5e\u4e8e\u516c\u6cd5\u89c4\u8303\u3002\u201d[13]\uff08P78\uff09\u56e0\u4e3a\uff0c\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u4e3a\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e00\u5b9a\u76ee\u7684\u7684\u624b\u6bb5\uff0c\u516c\u79c1\u6cd5\u7531\u4e8e\u5404\u81ea\u5229\u76ca\u5c5e\u6027\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u4e8c\u8005\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u6240\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u89c4\u8303\u4e5f\u5b58\u5728\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8fd9\u5e76\u975e\u4e00\u4e00\u5bf9\u5e94\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/p>\n

\u52b3\u52a8\u6cd5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u793e\u4f1a\u6cd5\uff0c\u5176\u8c03\u6574\u624b\u6bb5\u662f\u5c06\u516c\u6cd5\u548c\u79c1\u6cd5\u7684\u624b\u6bb5\u878d\u4e3a\u4e00\u4f53\uff0c\u7efc\u5408\u8fd0\u7528\u5404\u79cd\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u65e2\u5305\u62ec\u79c1\u6cd5\u7684\u4efb\u610f\u6027\u89c4\u8303\u4e5f\u5305\u62ec\u516c\u6cd5\u7684\u5f3a\u5236\u6027\u89c4\u8303\uff0c\u4f7f\u5e02\u573a\u4e3b\u4f53\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u548c\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u5e72\u9884\u884c\u4e3a\u4fdd\u6301\u9002\u5ea6\u7684\u5e73\u8861\u3002\u501f\u9274\u540c\u6837\u5177\u6709\u516c\u79c1\u517c\u878d\u5c5e\u6027\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6cd5<\/a>\u5b66\u8005\u7684\u8bba\u8ff0\uff0c\u201c\u5bf9\u7ecf\u6d4e\u751f\u6d3b\u8fdb\u884c\u5168\u65b9\u4f4d\u7684\u8c03\u6574\uff0c\u8fd0\u7528\u5404\u79cd\u6cd5\u5f8b\u624b\u6bb5\u8fdb\u884c\u8c03\u6574\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6cd5\u7efc\u5408\u8c03\u6574\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u4f53\u73b0\u3002\u201d[14] \u201c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6cd5\u4e3a\u6ee1\u8db3\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6027\u2014\u2014\u793e\u4f1a\u534f\u8c03\u6027\u7684\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u91c7\u53d6\u516c\u6cd5\u7684\u89c4\u5236\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u91c7\u7528\u4e86\u79c1\u6cd5\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u89c4\u5236\u3002\u201d [15]\uff08P33\uff09<\/p>\n

\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u4efb\u610f\u6027\u89c4\u8303\u548c\u5f3a\u5236\u6027\u89c4\u8303\u7684\u4ea7\u751f\u4e0e\u6cd5\u5f8b\u89c4\u8303\u7684\u6a21\u7cca\u6027\u4e5f\u5177\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u89c4\u8303\u7684\u6a21\u7cca\u6027\u548c\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u539f\u56e0\u5728\u4e8e\u4eba\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\u7684\u6709\u9650\u6027\u548c\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u65e0\u9650\u6027\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u77db\u76fe\u3002\u7acb\u6cd5\u6280\u672f\u548c\u7acb\u6cd5\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u5c40\u9650\u4f7f\u5f97\u6cd5\u5f8b\u89c4\u8303\u6ede\u540e\u4e8e\u793e\u4f1a\u751f\u6d3b\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u7acb\u6cd5\u8005\u6839\u636e\u4e0d\u540c\u6cd5\u57df\u5404\u81ea\u7279\u70b9\u786e\u7acb\u6838\u5fc3\u89c4\u8303\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u79c1\u6cd5\u786e\u7acb\u7684\u81ea\u6cbb\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u7531\u5177\u4f53\u5f53\u4e8b\u4eba\u6765\u5f25\u8865\u7acb\u6cd5\u7684\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\uff0c\u800c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u516c\u6cd5\u5219\u786e\u7acb\u7ba1\u5236\u7684\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u516c\u6cd5\u5f3a\u884c\u6027\u89c4\u8303\uff0c\u660e\u786e\u516c\u6743\u529b\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e8c\u3001\u52b3\u52a8\u5173\u7cfb\u6cd5\u5f8b\u8c03\u6574\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u8003\u5bdf\u2014\u2014\u4ee5\u82f1\u56fd\u548c\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e3a\u4f8b<\/p>\n

\u5de5\u4e1a\u9769\u547d\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u5bf9\u52b3\u52a8\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u8c03\u6574\u6210\u4e3a\u5404\u56fd\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u5e76\u968f\u7740\u793e\u4f1a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u3001\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u800c\u53d1\u5c55\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u4ece\u5404\u56fd\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u53d1\u5c55\u770b\uff0c\u52b3\u52a8\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u8c03\u6574\u6a21\u5f0f\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u5faa\u7740\u89c4\u5f8b\u6027\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u53d1\u5c55\u3002<\/p>\n

\uff08\u4e00\uff09\u82f1\u56fd\u52b3\u52a8\u5173\u7cfb\u8c03\u6574\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u53d1\u5c55<\/p>\n

\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u4ea7\u4e1a\u9769\u547d\u5f00\u59cb\u4e8e18\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e2d\u53f6\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u5904\u4e8e\u81ea\u7531\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u4fe1\u5949\u7684\u662f\u4e9a\u5f53\u00b7\u65af\u5bc6\u53ca\u5176\u53e4\u5178\u5b66\u6d3e\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u7ade\u4e89\u548c\u81ea\u7531\u653e\u4efb\u7406\u8bba\u548c\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8e\u96c7\u4e3b\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6743\u7edd\u5bf9\u4ee5\u53ca\u4f01\u4e1a\u81ea\u7531\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u5c11\u7684\u5e72\u9884\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u81ea\u4e3b\u7ecf\u8425\uff0c\u8d44\u672c\u5bb6\u5229\u7528\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e0a\u7684\u5f3a\u5236\uff0c\u5bf9\u5de5\u4eba\u8fdb\u884c\u6b8b\u9177\u7684\u5265\u524a\u548c\u538b\u8feb\u3002\u9762\u5bf9\u6076\u52a3\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u5f00\u59cb\u4e86\u96c6\u4f1a\u7ed3\u793e\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u7f62\u5de5\u7b49\u624b\u6bb5\uff0c\u501f\u52a9\u56e2\u4f53\u7684\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u4e0e\u96c7\u4e3b\u8c08\u5224\uff0c\u4ee5\u6539\u5584\u52b3\u52a8\u6761\u4ef6\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8e\u666e\u901a\u6cd5\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e3b\u4e49\u7cbe\u795e\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u6cd5\u9662\u5bf9\u5de5\u4f1a\u8fd0\u52a8\u91c7\u53d6\u4e86\u4e25\u5389\u538b\u5236\u884c\u52a8\uff0c\u5224\u5b9a\u5de5\u4eba\u7684\u7ed3\u793e\u6784\u6210\u5211\u6cd5<\/a>\u7684\u5171\u8c0b\u7f6a\u3002\u76f4\u81f3\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e03\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u5de5\u4f1a\u529b\u91cf\u65e5\u8d8b\u7a33\u56fa\uff0c\u5de5\u4eba\u9010\u6e10\u53d6\u5f97\u53c2\u653f\u6743\u540e\uff0c\u59cb\u5229\u7528\u56fd\u4f1a\u7acb\u6cd5\uff0c\u5e9f\u6b62\u6cd5\u9662\u5224\u51b3\u30021868\u5e74\u82f1\u56fd\u6210\u7acb\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5de5\u4f1a\u4f1a\u8bae\uff08Trades Union Congress\uff0c TUC\uff09\u30021871\u5e74\u901a\u8fc7\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u300a\u5de5\u4f1a\u6cd5\u300b\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u627f\u8ba4\u5de5\u4f1a\u4e3a\u5408\u6cd5\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u96c6\u4f53\u8c08\u5224\u662f\u82f1\u56fd\u52b3\u8d44\u5173\u7cfb\u4e4b\u57fa\u672c\u4f53\u5236\u3002\u82f1\u56fd\u6cd5\u5f8b\u867d\u8bbe\u6709\u5404\u79cd\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u4fdd\u969c\u5de5\u4f1a\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u6216\u9f13\u52b1\u5f53\u4e8b\u4eba\u4ece\u4e8b\u96c6\u4f53\u8c08\u5224\uff0c\u4f46\u6ca1\u6709\u96c6\u4f53\u8c08\u5224\u4e4b\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u5b8c\u5168\u8ba9\u7531\u5f53\u4e8b\u4eba\u81ea\u6cbb\u3002\u5728\u96c6\u4f53\u8c08\u5224\u4f53\u5236\u4e0b\uff0c\u4fdd\u62a4\u7acb\u6cd5\u5904\u4e8e\u6b21\u8981\u3001\u4ece\u5c5e\u3001\u8f85\u52a9\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u30021971\u5e74\u56fd\u4f1a\u5236\u5b9a\u4e86\u52b3\u8d44\u5173\u7cfb\u6cd5\uff0c1972\u5e74\u5236\u5b9a\u4e86\u52b3\u8d44\u5173\u7cfb\u6cd5\u5b9e\u65bd\u7ec6\u5219\uff0c\u660e\u786e\u4e86\u96c6\u4f53\u534f\u5546\u548c\u96c6\u4f53\u8c08\u5224\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002[16]\uff08P287-291\uff1bP26-51\uff09\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u96c6\u4f53\u8c08\u5224\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u4e2a\u5c42\u6b21\uff0c\u4e00\u662f\u884c\u4e1a\u95f4\u7684\u96c6\u4f53\u8c08\u5224\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u662f\u4f01\u4e1a\u7ea7\u7684\u8c08\u5224\u30021989\u5e74\u4ee5\u524d\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u884c\u4e1a\u95f4\u7684\u96c6\u4f53\u8c08\u5224\u6765\u786e\u5b9a\u5de5\u8d44\u548c\u5de5\u65f6\uff0c\u6b64\u540e\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u5de5\u65f6\u7684\u7f29\u77ed\u4ee5\u53ca\u96c7\u4e3b\u534f\u4f1a\u7684\u9000\u51fa\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u5168\u56fd\u6027\u7684\u884c\u4e1a\u8c08\u5224\u975e\u5e38\u5c11\uff0c\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u662f\u4f01\u4e1a\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u96c6\u4f53\u8c08\u5224\u3002<\/p>\n

1979\u5e74\u4fdd\u5b88\u515a\u6492\u5207\u5c14\u592b\u4eba\u4e0a\u53f0\u6267\u653f\u540e\uff0c\u5927\u529b\u63a8\u884c\u975e\u56fd\u6709\u5316\u4f01\u4e1a\uff0c\u628a\u79c1\u6709\u5316\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5176\u7ecf\u6d4e\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5de5\u4f1a\u529b\u91cf\u8fc7\u4e8e\u5f3a\u5927\u662f\u59a8\u788d\u4f01\u4e1a\u63d0\u9ad8\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6548\u76ca\u7684\u969c\u788d\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u653e\u5f03\u4e86\u8fc7\u53bb\u653f\u5e9c\u5bf9\u5de5\u4f1a\u91c7\u53d6\u7684\u534f\u5546\u3001\u8c08\u5224\u548c\u59a5\u534f\u7684\u65b9\u9488\uff0c\u91c7\u53d6\u5f3a\u786c\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u524a\u5f31\u5de5\u4f1a\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u5148\u540e\u901a\u8fc7\u300a\u5c31\u4e1a\u6cd5\u300b\u3001\u300a\u5de5\u4f1a\u6cd5\u300b\uff0c\u53d6\u6d88\u4e86\u5de5\u4f1a\u4eab\u6709\u7684\u666e\u904d\u6cd5\u5f8b\u8c41\u514d\u6743\uff0c\u7f29\u5c0f\u4e86\u52b3\u8d44\u51b2\u7a81\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u3002\u4ece1979\u5e74\u52301997\u5e74\u4fdd\u5b88\u515a\u6267\u653f\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u5de5\u4f1a\u4f1a\u5458\u9510\u51cf\uff0c\u6d41\u5931\u4e86\u5927\u7ea650%\u7684\u4f1a\u5458\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u968f\u7740\u6b27\u6d32\u4e00\u4f53\u5316\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u63a8\u8fdb\u3001\u7075\u6d3b\u5c31\u4e1a\u7684\u589e\u591a\u548c\u4fe1\u606f\u6280\u672f\u7684\u666e\u53ca\uff0c\u5de5\u4f1a\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u88ab\u4e0d\u65ad\u524a\u5f31\uff0c20\u4e16\u7eaa60\u5e74\u4ee3\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u52b3\u52a8\u7acb\u6cd5\u5267\u589e\u30021993\u5e74\u901a\u8fc7\u4e86\u300a\u5de5\u4f1a\u6539\u9769\u548c\u5c31\u4e1a\u6743\u5229\u6cd5\u300b\uff0c\u8be5\u6cd5\u786e\u7acb\u4e86\u52b3\u8d44\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u524a\u5f31\u4e86\u96c6\u4f53\u8c08\u5224\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002<\/p>\n

1997\u5e74\uff0c\u7531\u804c\u5de5\u5927\u4f1a\uff08\u5373\u603b\u5de5\u4f1a\uff09\u53d1\u8d77\u521b\u7acb\u7684\u5de5\u515a\u91cd\u65b0\u83b7\u5f97\u6267\u653f\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u5f3a\u5316\u5bf9\u4e8e\u52b3\u8d44\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u5e72\u9884\u30021999\u5e74\u653f\u5e9c\u9881\u5e03\u300a\u52b3\u52a8\u5173\u7cfb\u6cd5\u6848\u300b\uff0c\u5176\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u5728\u5de5\u4f5c\u573a\u6240\u8fbe\u5230\u4e00\u79cd\u516c\u5e73\uff0c\u5728\u96c7\u5458\u548c\u96c7\u4e3b\u9700\u6c42\u65b9\u9762\u8fbe\u5230\u4e00\u79cd\u5747\u8861\u3002\u300a\u52b3\u52a8\u5173\u7cfb\u6cd5\u6848\u300b\u4e3b\u8981\u5185\u5bb9\u6709\u4e24\u70b9\uff1a\u4e00\u662f\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u786e\u8ba4\u5de5\u4f1a\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u300a\u52b3\u52a8\u5173\u7cfb\u6cd5\u6848\u300b\u9881\u5e03\u4e4b\u524d\u4f01\u4e1a\u5bf9\u5de5\u4f1a\u7684\u8ba4\u53ef\u662f\u81ea\u613f\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u73b0\u5728\u89c4\u5b9a\u4e86\u5de5\u4f1a\u53ef\u4ee5\u5411\u653f\u5e9c\u63d0\u51fa\u7533\u8bf7\u7684\u6743\u5229\uff0c\u5e76\u8fdb\u884c\u6ce8\u518c\u3002\u4e8c\u662f\u5bf9\u53c2\u52a0\u7f62\u5de5\u7684\u5458\u5de5\u63d0\u4f9b\u989d\u5916\u7684\u4fdd\u62a4\uff0c\u5458\u5de5\u53c2\u52a0\u5408\u6cd5\u7684\u7f62\u5de5\uff0c\u57288\u5468\u4e4b\u5185\u96c7\u4e3b\u662f\u4e0d\u80fd\u89e3\u96c7\u7684\uff0c8\u5468\u4e4b\u540e\u4e5f\u53ea\u80fd\u91c7\u53d6\u5408\u7406\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u89e3\u51b3\u7ea0\u7eb7\u3002[17]<\/p>\n

\uff08\u4e8c\uff09\u7f8e\u56fd\u52b3\u52a8\u5173\u7cfb\u8c03\u6574\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u53d1\u5c55<\/p>\n

\u7f8e\u56fd\u5357\u5317\u6218\u4e89\u540e\uff0c\u5404\u79cd\u5de5\u4e1a\u90e8\u95e8\u7684\u6d8c\u73b0\u4ee5\u53ca\u5927\u91cf\u4f01\u4e1a\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5b9e\u4f53\u7684\u4ea7\u751f\uff0c\u4fc3\u4f7f\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8fc5\u901f\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u5728\u4f01\u4e1a\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u4fdd\u62a4\u4e0e\u4f01\u4e1a\u5efa\u7acb\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2a\u4f53\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u8865\u5145\u662f\u65b0\u5174\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u5e02\u573a\u6cd5\u2014\u2014\u4efb\u610f\u7684\u96c7\u4f63\u5408\u540c\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u666e\u901a\u6cd5\u89c4\u5219\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u7f8e\u56fd\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e2d\u6700\u4e45\u8fdc\u7684\u539f\u5219\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u5b83\u57fa\u4e8e\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\u671f\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u5baa\u6cd5\u6027\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b9e\u9645\u95ee\u9898\u786e\u4fdd\u96c7\u4e3b\u5728\uff08\u96c7\u4f63\u65b9\u9762\uff09\u5c31\u4e1a\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\u7684\u5b8c\u5168\u51b3\u5b9a\u6743\u3002<\/p>\n

\u901a\u8fc7\u5728\u53f8\u6cd5\u88c1\u5224\u4e2d\u5f15\u7528\u96c7\u7528\u548c\u89e3\u96c7\u7684\u8be5\u57fa\u7840\u6027\u6743\u5229\uff0c\u6cd5\u5b98\u80fd\u591f\u4f7f\u96c7\u4e3b\u8c41\u514d\u4e8e\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u7981\u4ee4\u6216\u8005\u5176\u4ed6\u666e\u901a\u6cd5\u5236\u88c1\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u9884\u9632\u96c6\u4f53\u6027\u884c\u52a8\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6743\u5229\u7f3a\u5931\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u5de5\u4eba\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u6837\u7406\u6240\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u5357\u5317\u6218\u4e89\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u5e94\u5bf9\u65e5\u76ca\u6269\u5f20\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u5404\u79cd\u5404\u6837\u7684\u5de5\u4eba\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5982\u96e8\u540e\u6625\u7b0b\u822c\u5730\u5efa\u7acb\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u8054\u90a6\u653f\u5e9c\u79ef\u6781\u5730\u63a8\u52a8\u4ea7\u4e1a\u95f4\u7684\u96c6\u4f53\u8c08\u5224\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\uff0c\u96c7\u4e3b\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u5728\u52b3\u52a8\u5173\u7cfb\u9886\u57df\u906d\u9047\u5230\u56fd\u5bb6\u529b\u91cf\u7684\u5e72\u9884\u3002\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u826f\u597d\u7684\u6548\u679c\uff0c20\u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\uff0c\u5de5\u4f1a\u4f1a\u5458\u4eba\u6570\u663e\u8457\u589e\u52a0\u30021933\u5e74\u901a\u8fc7\u7684\u300a\u56fd\u5bb6\u4ea7\u4e1a\u5eb7\u590d\u6cd5\u6848\u300b\uff08National Industrial Recovery Act\uff09\u660e\u786e\u5de5\u4eba\u901a\u8fc7\u81ea\u5df1\u9009\u4e3e\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5de5\u4f1a\u4ee5\u53ca\u8fdb\u884c\u96c6\u4f53\u534f\u5546\u7684\u6743\u5229\u30021937\u5e744\u6708\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u5224\u51b3\u786e\u8ba4\u300a\u74e6\u683c\u7eb3\u6cd5\u6848\u300b\u7684\u5408\u5baa\u6027\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u5de5\u4f1a\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u5236\u4e2d\u7684\u5408\u6cd5\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u4e8c\u6218\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u65bd\u52a0\u4e86\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u7ef4\u6301\u4e86\u5de5\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u76f8\u5bf9\u5b9e\u529b\u30021947\u5e74\u56fd\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7\u300a\u5854\u592b\u8131\uff0d\u54c8\u7279\u83b1\u6cd5\u300b\uff0c\u8be5\u6cd5\u6848\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u5de5\u4f1a\u7684\u6cd5\u5236\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u5176\u540e\u4e8c\u5341\u5e74\u5de5\u4f1a\u529b\u91cf\u8fbe\u5230\u4e86\u9876\u5cf0\uff0c\u4f4670\u5e74\u4ee3\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u5de5\u4f1a\u529b\u91cf\u5f00\u59cb\u8870\u9000 \uff0c\u5de5\u4f1a\u4f1a\u5458\u4eba\u6570\u6025\u901f\u51cf\u5c11\u3002[18]\uff08P139-140\uff09<\/p>\n

\u4ece20\u4e16\u7eaa60\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e2d\u671f\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u56fd\u4f1a\u5bf9\u4e2a\u4eba\u6c11\u6743\u7acb\u6cd5\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u6781\u5ea6\u7684\u6269\u5f20\uff0c\u800c\u6b64\u524d\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6c11\u6743\u90fd\u53d7\u5230\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6b67\u89c6\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u800c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7acb\u6cd5\u6839\u6e90\u4e8e\u56fd\u5185\u6218\u4e89\u540e\u7684\u91cd\u5efa\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u4e0d\u5e78\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6ca1\u6709\u7ed3\u675f\u6301\u7eed\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u79cd\u65cf\u6b67\u89c6\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\u5b58\u5728\u79cd\u65cf\u9694\u79bb\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u3002\u968f\u77401960\u5e74\u6c11\u4e3b\u515a\u5019\u9009\u4eba\u80af\u5c3c\u8fea\u4ee5\u53ca1963\u5e74\u81f31968\u5e74\u4ed6\u7684\u7ee7\u4efb\u8005\u7ea6\u7ff0\u900a\u5f53\u9009\u603b\u7edf\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u5f00\u59cb\u79ef\u6781\u5730\u51cf\u5c11\u8d2b\u56f0\u3001\u6b67\u89c6\u548c\u5de5\u4f5c\u573a\u6240\u7684\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\u3002\u8be5\u7acb\u6cd5\u9769\u547d\u8087\u59cb\u4e8e1964\u5e74\u6c11\u6743\u6cd5\u6848\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u5177\u6709\u91cc\u7a0b\u7891\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u7acb\u6cd5\u5426\u5b9a\u4e86\u5728\u516c\u4f17\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u65e0\u5904\u4e0d\u5728\u7684\u79cd\u65cf\u6b67\u89c6\uff0c\u6c11\u6743\u6cd5\u6848\u7b2c\u4e03\u7ae0\u5c06\u7981\u6b62\u6b67\u89c6\u7684\u539f\u5219\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5c31\u4e1a\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u5176\u7981\u6b62\u96c7\u4e3b\u57fa\u4e8e\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u79cd\u65cf\u3001\u80a4\u8272\u3001\u5b97\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\u3001\u6027\u522b\u6216\u8005\u56fd\u522b\u800c\u6b67\u89c6\u96c7\u5458\u3002\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5ef6\u7eed\u4e86\u8be5\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u5982\uff1a1967\u5e74\u300a\u5c31\u4e1a\u5e74\u9f84\u6b67\u89c6\u6cd5\u6848\u300b\u30011990\u5e74\u300a\u7f8e\u56fd\u6b8b\u75be\u4eba\u6cd5\u6848\u300b\u3002[19]\uff08P181\uff09 20\u4e16\u7eaa70\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5371\u673a\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u79ef\u6781\u4ecb\u5165\u52b3\u8d44\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u8c03\u6574\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u8054\u90a6\u8c03\u89e3\u8c03\u505c\u7f72\u7b49\u673a\u6784\u4fc3\u8fdb\u52b3\u8d44\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u534f\u8c03\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7f8e\u56fd\u52b3\u52a8\u5173\u7cfb\u5386\u53f2\u6f14\u53d8\u6982\u51b5[20]\uff08P2\uff09<\/p>\n

\u65f6\u4ee3\u65f6\u95f4\u4e3b\u5bfc\u8005\u96c7\u4f63\u5236\u5ea6\u7279\u70b9<\/p>\n

\u4ea7\u4e1a<\/p>\n

\u7ecf\u842519\u4e16\u7eaa80\u5e74\u4ee3\u201420\u4e16\u7eaa20\u5e74\u4ee3\u4f01\u4e1a\u96c7\u4e3b\u7279\u6743\u548c\u81ea\u6cbb\u96c7\u4e3b\u786e\u5b9a\u52b3\u52a8\u6761\u6b3e\u548c\u6761\u4ef6\u3002\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5236\u5ea6\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u5951\u7ea6\u81ea\u7531\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e3a\u9632\u6b62\u56fd\u5bb6\u5e72\u9884\u4e2a\u4eba\u8d22\u4ea7\u6743\u7684\u5baa\u6cd5\u6027\u4fdd\u62a4<\/p>\n

\u96c6\u4f53<\/p>\n

\u8c08\u522420\u4e16\u7eaa30\u5e74\u4ee3\u201420\u4e16\u7eaa70\u5e74\u4ee3\u5de5\u4f1a\u52b3\u5de5\u5e02\u573a\u673a\u5236\u548c\u5b9e\u8df5\u96c6\u4f53\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u52b3\u8d44\u5173\u7cfb\u7a33\u5b9a\uff0c\u5b8f\u89c2\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u4e2a\u4f53\u4e89\u8bae\u89e3\u51b3\u673a\u5236<\/p>\n

\u4e2a\u4eba\u96c7\u4f63\u6743\u522920\u4e16\u7eaa70\u5e74\u4ee3\u201420\u4e16\u7eaa\u672b\u653f\u5e9c\u4fdd\u62a4\u6027\u7acb\u6cd5\u7acb\u6cd5\u548c\u666e\u901a\u6cd5\u539f\u5219\u786e\u7acb\u4e86\u96c7\u5458\u7684\u6743\u5229\uff0c\u8bc9\u8bbc\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7ea0\u7eb7\u89e3\u51b3\u673a\u5236<\/p>\n

\u4ece\u4e0a\u8ff0\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u8003\u5bdf\u53ef\u77e5\uff0c\u52b3\u52a8\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u8c03\u6574\u6a21\u5f0f\u5177\u6709\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\u548c\u591a\u53d8\u6027\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u793e\u4f1a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u7b49\u56e0\u7d20\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u800c\u6f14\u53d8\uff0c\u4f46\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u82f1\u56fd\u8fd8\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u6cbf\u7740\u4e2a\u4f53\u81ea\u6cbb\u2014\u2014\u56e2\u4f53\u81ea\u6cbb\u2014\u2014\u56fd\u5bb6\u5f3a\u5236\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u5e76\u6700\u7ec8\u9010\u6e10\u5f62\u6210\u4e2a\u4f53\u81ea\u6cbb\u3001\u56e2\u4f53\u81ea\u6cbb\u4ee5\u53ca\u56fd\u5bb6\u5f3a\u5236\u7684\u591a\u5143\u8c03\u6574\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5c3d\u7ba1\u7531\u4e8e\u79cd\u79cd\u539f\u56e0\u5bfc\u81f4\u5de5\u4f1a\u529b\u91cf\u9010\u6b65\u8870\u5f31\u5df2\u6210\u4e3a\u5404\u56fd\u6240\u5171\u540c\u7684\u8d8b\u52bf\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u56e2\u4f53\u81ea\u6cbb\u4f9d\u7136\u662f\u52b3\u52a8\u5173\u7cfb\u8c03\u6574\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u800c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8c03\u6574\u52b3\u52a8\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u57fa\u672c\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u56e2\u4f53\u81ea\u6cbb\u548c\u56fd\u5bb6\u5f3a\u5236\u4e4b\u95f4\u5e76\u975e\u5f7c\u6b64\u6392\u65a5\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e92\u76f8\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u5f7c\u6b64\u914d\u5408\uff0c\u5171\u540c\u5b9e\u73b0\u4fc3\u8fdb\u52b3\u8d44\u5173\u7cfb\u534f\u8c03\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e09\u3001\u4ece\u300a\u52b3\u52a8\u5408\u540c\u6cd5\u300b\u89e3\u8bfb\u6211\u56fd\u52b3\u52a8\u5173\u7cfb\u8c03\u6574\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u7c7b\u578b<\/p>\n

\u52b3\u52a8\u5408\u540c\u662f\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u4e0e\u7528\u4eba\u5355\u4f4d\u5efa\u7acb\u52b3\u52a8\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u662f\u786e\u7acb\u53cc\u65b9\u5f53\u4e8b\u4eba\u6743\u5229\u4e49\u52a1\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u4f9d\u636e\u3002\u5c31\u5355\u4e2a\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u5408\u540c\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u662f\u5f53\u4e8b\u4eba\u610f\u601d\u81ea\u6cbb\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u57fa\u4e8e\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u610f\u5fd7\u540c\u610f\u4e0e\u7528\u4eba\u5355\u4f4d\u5efa\u7acb\u52b3\u52a8\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u4e0e\u751f\u4ea7\u8d44\u6599\u7684\u7ed3\u5408\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u52b3\u52a8\u793e\u4f1a\u5316\u7684\u8003\u91cf\uff0c\u52b3\u52a8\u5408\u540c\u6cd5\u7684\u8c03\u6574\u65b9\u6cd5\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u5b8c\u5168\u4f9d\u9760\u5f53\u4e8b\u4eba\u7684\u610f\u601d\u81ea\u6cbb\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\uff0c\u79c1\u6cd5\u4e2d\u7684\u81ea\u6cbb\u5f97\u4ee5\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u524d\u63d0\u5728\u4e8e\u79c1\u6cd5\u4e3b\u4f53\u7684\u5b8c\u5168\u5e73\u7b49\u6027\u548c\u4e92\u6362\u6027\u3002\u800c\u5728\u52b3\u52a8\u5408\u540c\u6cd5\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u610f\u601d\u81ea\u6cbb\u524d\u63d0\u7684\u5e73\u7b49\u6027\u548c\u4e92\u6362\u6027\u90fd\u4e27\u5931\u4e86\u3002\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7528\u4eba\u5355\u4f4d\uff0c\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u5c45\u4e8e\u5f31\u52bf\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4ece\u5c5e\u4e8e\u7528\u4eba\u5355\u4f4d\uff0c\u63a5\u53d7\u7528\u4eba\u5355\u4f4d\u7684\u6307\u793a\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u800c\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u5e02\u573a\u7684\u4f9b\u5927\u4e8e\u6c42\u66f4\u52a0\u6076\u5316\u4e86\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u7684\u5f31\u52bf\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u7684\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u5de5\u4e1a\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u6e90\u81ea\u201c\u519c\u4e1a\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u201d\uff0c\u5176\u539f\u7531\u5728\u4e8e\u5de5\u4e1a\u5316\u5bfc\u81f4\u4ed6\u4eec\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8d56\u4ee5\u751f\u5b58\u7684\u571f\u5730\u7684\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u53ea\u6709\u51fa\u5356\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4e92\u6362\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4ed6\u4eec\u800c\u8a00\u4e5f\u662f\u7f3a\u4e4f\u7269\u8d28\u524d\u63d0\u7684\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5bf9\u52b3\u52a8\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u8c03\u6574\u4e0d\u80fd\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u9002\u7528\u79c1\u6cd5\u81ea\u6cbb\uff0c\u800c\u9700\u91c7\u53d6\u591a\u79cd\u8c03\u6574\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4ee5\u534f\u8c03\u52b3\u52a8\u5408\u540c\u53cc\u65b9\u5f53\u4e8b\u4eba\u5229\u76ca\u4ee5\u53ca\u793e\u4f1a\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u3002\u300a\u52b3\u52a8\u5408\u540c\u6cd5\u300b\u662f\u6211\u56fd\u8c03\u6574\u52b3\u52a8\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u6027\u6cd5\u5f8b\u89c4\u8303\uff0c\u5176\u5185\u5bb9\u548c\u89c4\u5b9a\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u5bf9\u52b3\u52a8\u5173\u7cfb\u6cd5\u5f8b\u8c03\u6574\u7684\u591a\u79cd\u624b\u6bb5\u7684\u878d\u5408\u3002<\/p>\n

\uff08\u4e00\uff09\u4e2a\u4f53\u81ea\u6cbb<\/p>\n

\u4e2a\u4f53\u81ea\u6cbb\u662f\u6307\u5f53\u4e8b\u4eba\u57fa\u4e8e\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u610f\u601d\u8868\u793a\u4e3a\u4e00\u5b9a\u884c\u4e3a\u548c\u4e0d\u4e3a\u4e00\u5b9a\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u3002\u79c1\u6cd5\u4e2d\u7684\u4e2a\u4f53\u81ea\u6cbb\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u7f14\u7ea6\u4e0e\u5426\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u3001\u7f14\u7ea6\u76f8\u5bf9\u4eba\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u81ea\u7531\u3001\u786e\u5b9a\u5951\u7ea6\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u4ee5\u53ca\u5951\u7ea6\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u3002\u800c\u52b3\u52a8\u5408\u540c\u6cd5\u4e2d\u7684\u4e2a\u4f53\u81ea\u6cbb\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u5374\u76f8\u5bf9\u8f83\u5c0f\uff0c\u6bd4\u8f83\u800c\u8a00\u53ef\u80fd\u5176\u4e3b\u8981\u4f53\u73b0\u4e3a\u7f14\u7ea6\u76f8\u5bf9\u4eba\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u81ea\u7531\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u51b3\u5b9a\u662f\u5426\u4e0e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7528\u4eba\u5355\u4f4d\u7b7e\u8ba2\u52b3\u52a8\u5408\u540c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5bf9\u4e8e\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u6574\u4f53\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u7f14\u7ea6\u4e0e\u5426\u662f\u5f88\u96be\u81ea\u4e3b\u51b3\u5b9a\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u8bf4\u81ea\u7531\u5ea6\u5f88\u5c0f\u3002\u201c\u5355\u4e2a\u5de5\u4eba\u81ea\u7531\u5730\u8ba2\u7acb\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u5408\u540c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6539\u53d8\u96c7\u4f63\uff0c\u4f46\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6574\u4f53\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u9636\u7ea7\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u4e0d\u4e3a\u8d44\u672c\u5bb6\u96c7\u4f63\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u548c\u907f\u514d\u88ab\u5265\u524a\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u3002\u201d[21]\uff08P302\uff09\u52b3\u52a8\u662f\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u751f\u5b58\u7684\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u52b3\u52a8\u83b7\u5f97\u52b3\u52a8\u62a5\u916c\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5b9e\u73b0\u52b3\u52a8\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u6062\u590d\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bb6\u5ead\u6210\u5458\u7684\u629a\u517b\u3002\u201c\u96c7\u4f63\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u9664\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u522b\u65e0\u5176\u4ed6\u5546\u54c1\u53ef\u4ee5\u51fa\u552e\uff0c\u81ea\u7531\u5f97\u4e00\u65e0\u6240\u6709\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u4e8b\u5148\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u6240\u5fc5\u9700\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u3002\u201d\u5728\u52b3\u52a8\u793e\u4f1a\u5316\u7684\u4eca\u5929\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u793e\u4f1a\u6210\u5458\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u53c2\u4e0e\u7a0b\u5ea6\u8f83\u9ad8\uff0c\u52b3\u52a8\u5df2\u7ecf\u8d85\u8d8a\u4e86\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u7ef4\u6301\u751f\u5b58\u7684\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5bf9\u4e8e\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u800c\u8a00\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u7b49\u66f4\u6df1\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fbe\u5230\u52b3\u52a8\u5e74\u9f84\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u52b3\u52a8\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u4eba\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u8fdb\u5165\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u5e02\u573a\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u52b3\u52a8\u5173\u7cfb\u4f3c\u4e4e\u662f\u4e00\u6761\u65e0\u4ece\u6289\u62e9\u7684\u9053\u8def\u3002\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u4e0e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7528\u4eba\u5355\u4f4d\u5efa\u7acb\u52b3\u52a8\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4f60\u4e00\u5b9a\u4f1a\u4e0e\u90a3\u4e2a\u7528\u4eba\u5355\u4f4d\u5efa\u7acb\u52b3\u52a8\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/p>\n

\u786e\u5b9a\u5951\u7ea6\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u5177\u6709\u5355\u65b9\u6027\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u800c\u8a00\u53ef\u80fd\u76f8\u5bf9\u8f83\u5c0f\uff0c\u800c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7528\u4eba\u5355\u4f4d\u800c\u8a00\u5219\u5176\u638c\u63e1\u7740\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u5ea6\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u300a\u52b3\u52a8\u5408\u540c\u6cd5\u300b\u7b2c\u4e09\u6761\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b3e\u89c4\u5b9a\uff1a\u201c\u8ba2\u7acb\u52b3\u52a8\u5408\u540c\uff0c\u5e94\u5f53\u9075\u5faa\u5408\u6cd5\u3001\u516c\u5e73\u3001\u5e73\u7b49\u81ea\u613f\u3001\u534f\u5546\u4e00\u81f4\u3001\u8bda\u5b9e\u4fe1\u7528\u7684\u539f\u5219\u3002\u201d\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u52b3\u52a8\u5408\u540c\u7684\u9644\u5408\u5316\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u6574\u4f53\u8d8b\u52bf\uff0c\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u53ea\u6709\u201c\u63a5\u53d7\u6216\u8005\u79bb\u5f00\u201d\u7684\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u800c\u5c11\u6709\u751a\u81f3\u6ca1\u6709\u786e\u7acb\u6743\u5229\u4e49\u52a1\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u3002\u300a\u52b3\u52a8\u5408\u540c\u6cd5\u300b\u5f81\u6c42\u610f\u89c1\u7a3f\u548c\u4e8c\u5ba1\u7a3f\u90fd\u66fe\u89c4\u5b9a \u201c\u52b3\u52a8\u5408\u540c\u6587\u672c\u7531\u7528\u4eba\u5355\u4f4d\u63d0\u4f9b\u201d\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u89c4\u5b9a\u4e86\u7528\u4eba\u5355\u4f4d\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u5408\u540c\u6587\u672c\u672a\u8f7d\u660e\u672c\u6cd5\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u5408\u540c\u5fc5\u5907\u6761\u6b3e\u6216\u8005\u7528\u4eba\u5355\u4f4d\u672a\u5c06\u52b3\u52a8\u5408\u540c\u6587\u672c\u4ea4\u4ed8\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u8d23\u4efb\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u4ece\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5f3a\u5236\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u52b3\u52a8\u5408\u540c\u6cd5\u7684\u4e2a\u4f53\u81ea\u6cbb\u524d\u63d0\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u5f53\u4e8b\u4eba\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u5e73\u7b49\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5f53\u4e8b\u4eba\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u201c\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\u201d\u3002\u201c\u793e\u4f1a\u6cd5\u7684\u8c03\u6574\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5176\u672c\u8d28\u7279\u5f81\u662f\u2018\u8eab\u4efd\u8c03\u6574\u2019\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u8eab\u4efd\u5b9e\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u5f3a\u52bf\u4e3b\u4f53\u3001\u5f31\u52bf\u4e3b\u4f53\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u5bf9\u8eab\u4efd\uff0c\u5982\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u2014\u96c7\u4e3b\u3001\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u2014\u751f\u4ea7\u7ecf\u8425\u8005\u3001\u73af\u5883\u4fb5\u6743\u8005\u2014\u73af\u5883\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\u7b49\u3002\u201d[22]\u800c\u5fb7\u56fd\u5b66\u8005\u62c9\u5fb7\u5e03\u9c81\u8d6b\uff08G\uff1fRadbruch\uff09\u5148\u751f\u5f52\u7eb3\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u6cd5\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7279\u5f81\u4e4b\u4e00\u4e3a\uff1a\u8003\u91cf\u8868\u9762\u4e0a\u5e73\u7b49\u7684\u4eba\u683c\u6982\u5ff5\u80cc\u540e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u3001\u57fa\u4e8e\u793e\u4f1a\u5730\u4f4d\u800c\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u4e2a\u522b\u6027\uff0c\u5373\u793e\u4f1a\u5f3a\u8005\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u5f31\u8005\u7684\u5dee\u522b\uff08\u5f3a\u8c03\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e3b\u4f53\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u6027\uff09\u3002[23]\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u79c1\u6cd5\u81ea\u6cbb\uff0c\u300a\u52b3\u52a8\u5408\u540c\u6cd5\u300b\u7684\u4e3b\u4f53\u7684\u610f\u601d\u81ea\u6cbb\u53d7\u5230\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u5982\uff1a\u300a\u52b3\u52a8\u5408\u540c\u6cd5\u300b\u7b2c\u5341\u4e03\u6761\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b3e\u5fc5\u5907\u6761\u6b3e\u7684\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u201c\u793e\u4f1a\u4fdd\u9669\u201d\u201c\u52b3\u52a8\u4fdd\u62a4\u3001\u52b3\u52a8\u6761\u4ef6\u548c\u804c\u4e1a\u5371\u5bb3\u9632\u62a4\u201d\u7b49\u89c4\u5b9a\u4e3a\u300a\u52b3\u52a8\u5408\u540c\u6cd5\u300b\u6240\u7279\u6709\u3002\u5176\u76ee\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u9632\u6b62\u7528\u4eba\u5355\u4f4d\u6ee5\u7528\u7f14\u7ea6\u4e2d\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u4fb5\u5bb3\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u7684\u6743\u76ca\u3002\u300a\u52b3\u52a8\u5408\u540c\u6cd5\u300b\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5341\u6761\u7b49\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6700\u4f4e\u5de5\u8d44\u6807\u51c6\u7684\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u5219\u66f4\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u4fdd\u969c\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u62a5\u916c\u6743\u5229\uff0c\u9632\u6b62\u7528\u4eba\u5355\u4f4d\u201c\u8086\u610f\u4f4e\u4ef7\u201d\u7528\u5de5\u3002<\/p>\n

\u79c1\u6cd5\u4e3b\u4f53\u4eab\u6709\u9009\u62e9\u5951\u7ea6\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u6cd5\u5f8b\u3001\u6cd5\u89c4\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5951\u7ea6\u5f62\u5f0f\u6709\u660e\u786e\u8981\u6c42\u5916\uff0c\u79c1\u6cd5\u4e3b\u4f53\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u4e3b\u9009\u62e9\u8ba2\u7acb\u53e3\u5934\u5951\u7ea6\u8fd8\u662f\u4e66\u9762\u5951\u7ea6\u3002\u6cd5\u5b9a\u5951\u7ea6\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\uff0c\u4e00\u662f\uff0c\u4ece\u6743\u5229\u4e49\u52a1\u7684\u786e\u5b9a\u89d2\u5ea6\uff0c\u6cd5\u5b9a\u5f62\u5f0f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8bc1\u636e\u8f83\u4e3a\u660e\u786e\uff1b\u4e8c\u662f\uff0c\u63d0\u9192\u5f53\u4e8b\u4eba\u5bf9\u4e8e\u81ea\u5df1\u6240\u5b9e\u65bd\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u614e\u91cd\u5176\u4e8b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6211\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u4ece\u8bc1\u636e\u7684\u6548\u529b\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u6cd5\u5b9a\u5951\u7ea6\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u662f\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7f14\u7ea6\u53cc\u65b9\u60ac\u6b8a\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u5e73\u8861\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\uff0c\u5f53\u4e8b\u4eba\u7f14\u7ea6\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u5931\u8861\u5bb9\u6613\u4f7f\u5f97\u5f3a\u52bf\u65b9\u6ee5\u7528\u5176\u4f18\u52bf\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u4fb5\u5bb3\u76f8\u5bf9\u5f31\u52bf\u65b9\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u53cc\u65b9\u5f53\u4e8b\u4eba\u7684\u6743\u5229\u4e49\u52a1\u7f3a\u4e4f\u516c\u5e73\u6027\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u8981\u5f0f\u5951\u7ea6\u5219\u4f1a\u52a0\u91cd\u6743\u76ca\u53d7\u5230\u4fb5\u5bb3\u7684\u76f8\u5bf9\u5f31\u52bf\u65b9\u7684\u8bc1\u660e\u8d23\u4efb\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u79c1\u6cd5\u5951\u7ea6\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8d22\u4ea7\u6d41\u8f6c\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u4f9d\u636e\uff0c\u4ece\u9f13\u52b1\u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\uff0c\u4ee5\u975e\u8981\u5f0f\u4e3a\u4e00\u822c\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u4ee5\u8981\u5f0f\u4e3a\u4f8b\u5916\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u52b3\u52a8\u5408\u540c\u6cd5\u4e2d\uff0c\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u5904\u4e8e\u5f31\u52bf\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u5207\u5b9e\u4fdd\u62a4\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u7684\u5408\u6cd5\u6743\u76ca\uff0c\u300a\u52b3\u52a8\u5408\u540c\u6cd5\u300b\u7b2c\u5341\u6761\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b3e\u89c4\u5b9a\uff1a\u201c\u5efa\u7acb\u52b3\u52a8\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5e94\u5f53\u8ba2\u7acb\u4e66\u9762\u52b3\u52a8\u5408\u540c\u3002\u201d\u201c\u7528\u4eba\u5355\u4f4d\u81ea\u7528\u5de5\u4e4b\u65e5\u8d77\u6ee1\u4e00\u5e74\u4e0d\u4e0e\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u8ba2\u7acb\u4e66\u9762\u52b3\u52a8\u5408\u540c\u7684\uff0c\u89c6\u4e3a\u7528\u4eba\u5355\u4f4d\u4e0e\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u5df2\u8ba2\u7acb\u65e0\u56fa\u5b9a\u671f\u9650\u52b3\u52a8\u5408\u540c\u3002\u201d\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u8d23\u4efb\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5f3a\u5316\u548c\u63a8\u884c\u4e66\u9762\u52b3\u52a8\u5408\u540c\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u201c\u7528\u4eba\u5355\u4f4d\u81ea\u7528\u5de5\u4e4b\u65e5\u8d77\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e2a\u6708\u4e0d\u6ee1\u4e00\u5e74\u672a\u4e0e\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u8ba2\u7acb\u4e66\u9762\u52b3\u52a8\u5408\u540c\u7684\uff0c\u5e94\u5f53\u5411\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u6bcf\u6708\u652f\u4ed8\u4e8c\u500d\u7684\u5de5\u8d44\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n

\uff08\u4e8c\uff09\u56e2\u4f53\u81ea\u6cbb<\/p>\n

\u56e2\u4f53\u81ea\u6cbb\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u662f\u516c\u6c11\u7ed3\u793e\u81ea\u7531\u2460\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6743\u5229\u3002\u6211\u56fd\u5baa\u6cd5\u89c4\u5b9a\u516c\u6c11\u4eab\u6709\u7ed3\u793e\u6743\uff0c\u800c\u5bf9\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u7ed3\u793e\u81ea\u7531\u5177\u4f53\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u548c\u53c2\u52a0\u5de5\u4f1a\u7684\u6743\u5229\u3002\u52b3\u5de5\u7ed3\u793e\u6743\u662f\u56fd\u9645\u52b3\u5de5\u6807\u51c6\u4e2d\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u6807\u51c6\u3002\u300a\u52b3\u52a8\u6cd5\u300b\u7b2c\u4e03\u6761\u89c4\u5b9a\uff1a\u201c\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u6709\u6743\u4f9d\u6cd5\u53c2\u52a0\u548c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5de5\u4f1a\u3002\u201d\u300a\u5de5\u4f1a\u6cd5\u300b\u4e5f\u660e\u786e\u89c4\u5b9a\uff1a\u201c\u5de5\u4f1a\u662f\u804c\u5de5\u81ea\u613f\u7ed3\u5408\u7684\u5de5\u4eba\u9636\u7ea7\u7684\u7fa4\u4f17\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n

\u7ed3\u793e\u81ea\u7531\u6743\u4e0e\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u7ec4\u7ec7\u548c\u53c2\u52a0\u5de5\u4f1a\u7684\u6743\u5229\u65e2\u6709\u8054\u7cfb\u53c8\u6709\u533a\u522b\uff0c\u524d\u8005\u662f\u4e2a\u4eba\u6743\u5229\uff0c\u5c5e\u4e8e\u81ea\u7531\u6743\u7684\u8303\u7574\uff1b\u800c\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u7ed3\u793e\u6743\u662f\u7531\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u7684\u96c6\u4f53\u884c\u4e3a\u4ee5\u7ef4\u6301\u57fa\u672c\u793e\u4f1a\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u5c5e\u4e8e\u793e\u4f1a\u6743\u7684\u8303\u7574\u3002\u201c\u4e00\u822c\u7ed3\u793e\u81ea\u7531\u6027\u8d28\u662f\u4fdd\u969c\u56fd\u6c11\u4e0d\u53d7\u56fd\u5bb6\u5e72\u6d89\u4e4b\u81ea\u7531\u6743\u3001\u9632\u5fa1\u6743\u3002\u800c\u540c\u76df\u81ea\u7531\u5177\u6709\u8d85\u8d8a\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e4b\u5355\u7eaf\u9632\u5fa1\u6743\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u201d [24]\uff08P153-158\uff09\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u7684\u7ed3\u793e\u6743\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u793e\u4f1a\u6743\u5229\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u73b0\u662f\u56fd\u5bb6\u8d23\u4efb\u7684\u4f53\u73b0\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u56fd\u5bb6\u6d88\u6781\u4e0d\u4f5c\u4e3a\uff0c\u800c\u66f4\u591a\u5730\u662f\u9700\u8981\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u79ef\u6781\u4f5c\u4e3a\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u6743\u5229\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u89c4\u8303\u591a\u662f\u5021\u5bfc\u6027\u89c4\u8303\uff0c\u201c\u65e0\u8bba\u5982\u4f55\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u5bf9\u5177\u4f53\u5de5\u4f5c\u5c97\u4f4d\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u8bf7\u6c42\u6743\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u6743\u201d\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u56fd\u5bb6\u6240\u8d1f\u62c5\u7684\u4e49\u52a1\u7684\u76f8\u5bf9\u4eba\u5e76\u975e\u67d0\u4e2a\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u7fa4\u4f53\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u542f\u8499\u8fd0\u52a8\u4e2d\u53e4\u5178\u81ea\u7136\u6cd5\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u666e\u53ca\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u5e94\u5bf918\u4e16\u7eaa\u672b\u7206\u53d1\u51fa\u7684\u8d44\u65b9\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u4fb5\u72af\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u4eba\u6743\uff0c\u201c\u4ece\u6765\u6ca1\u6709\u50cf\u6211\u4eec\u5e74\u4ee3\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u88ab\u666e\u904d\u5f53\u4f5c\u5ec9\u4ef7\u7684\u5e9f\u94dc\u70c2\u94c1\u6765\u51fa\u552e\u201d\u3002[25]\uff08P2\uff09\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e3a\u4e86\u843d\u5b9e\u4eba\u6743\u4fdd\u969c\uff0c\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u81ea\u8eab\u8d23\u4efb\u7684\u5f3a\u5316\uff0c\u52a0\u5f3a\u76f8\u5173\u793e\u4f1a\u9886\u57df\u7acb\u6cd5\uff0c\u5982\uff1a\u5de5\u5382\u6cd5\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u4fdd\u9669\u6cd5\u7b49\uff1b\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5219\u662f\u53d1\u6325\u793e\u4f1a\u56e2\u4f53\u7684\u81ea\u6cbb\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u81ea\u8eab\u8d23\u4efb\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5316\u5206\u914d\u5b9e\u73b0\u7fa4\u4f53\u6027\u6743\u5229\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u5316\uff0c\u5178\u578b\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u5bf9\u4e8e\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u7684\u7ed3\u793e\u6743\u4ece\u7981\u6b62\u5230\u653e\u5f00\u7684\u8f6c\u53d8\u3002\u201c\u540c\u76df\u81ea\u7531\u6b64\u4e00\u57fa\u672c\u6743\u5229\u662f\u5c06\u2018\u793e\u4f1a\u81ea\u6cbb\u2019\u5236\u5ea6\u4e0e\u52b3\u8d44\u53cc\u65b9\u56e2\u4f53\u76f8\u4e92\u7ed3\u5408\uff0c\u5e76\u8d4b\u4e88\u5176\u4ee5\u5baa\u6cd5\u4e0a\u4e4b\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u540c\u76df\u81ea\u7531\u6b64\u4e00\u57fa\u672c\u6743\u5229\u4e4b\u529f\u80fd\u5728\u4e8e\u843d\u5b9e\u540c\u76df\u56e2\u4f53\u53d7\u5baa\u6cd5\u6240\u6258\u4ed8\u4e4b\u5177\u6709\u516c\u5171\u5229\u76ca\u6027\u8d28\u4e4b\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u4ea6\u5373\u900f\u8fc7\u56e2\u4f53\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0e\u5176\u793e\u4f1a\u81ea\u6cbb\u4e4b\u76f8\u5bf9\u4eba\u5171\u540c\u89c4\u8303\u52b3\u52a8\u751f\u6d3b\u5e76\u8fbe\u6210\u52b3\u8d44\u548c\u8c10\u3002\u201d [26]\uff08P153-158\uff09<\/p>\n

\u201c\u5de5\u4f1a\u662f\u4ee5\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u4e3a\u4e3b\uff0c\u81ea\u4e3b\u5730\u4ee5\u8c0b\u6c42\u4fdd\u62a4\u3001\u6539\u5584\u52b3\u52a8\u6761\u4ef6\u53ca\u63d0\u9ad8\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5730\u4f4d\u4e3a\u4e3b\u8981\u76ee\u7684\u800c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u56e2\u4f53\uff0c\u5de5\u4f1a\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u4ee5\u653f\u6cbb\u8fd0\u52a8\u6216\u8005\u793e\u4f1a\u8fd0\u52a8\u4e3a\u4e3b\u8981\u76ee\u7684\u7684\u56e2\u4f53\u3002\u201d\u201c\u5de5\u4f1a\u6240\u7f14\u7ed3\u4e4b\u56e2\u4f53\u534f\u7ea6\uff0c\u5c31\u4e2a\u522b\u52b3\u52a8\u5951\u7ea6\u4e2d\u5bf9\u53d7\u96c7\u4eba\u4e0d\u5229\u4e4b\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u53ef\u7531\u56e2\u4f53\u534f\u7ea6\u4e2d\u6cd5\u89c4\u6548\u529b\u90e8\u5206\u4e88\u4ee5\u9632\u6b62\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5de5\u4f1a\u6240\u62c5\u5f53\u4e4b\u89d2\u8272\u5e94\u7cfb\u4e00\u79cd\u793e\u4f1a\u76d1\u62a4\u4eba\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u610f\u5b9a\u4ee3\u7406\u4eba\u201d\u3002[27]\uff08P49\uff09\u201c\u4f7f\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u80fd\u7ad9\u5728\u4e0e\u96c7\u4f63\u8005\u540c\u7b49\u7acb\u573a\u4e0a\uff0c\u5c31\u79cd\u79cd\u95ee\u9898\u8fdb\u884c\u4ea4\u6d89\uff0c\u4ee5\u671f\u63d0\u9ad8\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u5730\u4f4d\u800c\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u5de5\u4f1a\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u201d[28]<\/p>\n

\u4ece\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u56e2\u4f53\u81ea\u6cbb\u5305\u62ec\u4e24\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4e00\u662f\u5de5\u4f1a\u56e2\u4f53\u7684\u4eba\u683c\u72ec\u7acb\u3002\u4eba\u683c\u72ec\u7acb\u9996\u5148\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\u6392\u9664\u56fd\u5bb6\u975e\u6b63\u5f53\u7684\u5e72\u6d89\uff0c\u76f8\u5bf9\u72ec\u7acb\u4e8e\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u201c\u52b3\u5de5\u540c\u76df\u5e94\u5f97\u81ea\u7531\u4e0d\u53d7\u4efb\u4f55\u9650\u5236\u5730\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u4e14\u5728\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e0a\u5e94\u5177\u6709\u5408\u6cd5\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e0d\u5f97\u8086\u610f\u5bf9\u52b3\u52a8\u540c\u76df\u4e4b\u7ec4\u6210\u8bfe\u4ee5\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u4e4b\u9650\u5236\u3002\u201d [29]\uff08P153-158\uff09\u5176\u6b21\u5219\u662f\u72ec\u7acb\u4e8e\u96c7\u4e3b\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u5de5\u4f1a\u56e2\u4f53\u662f\u610f\u56fe\u5bf9\u96c7\u4e3b\u5f3a\u52bf\u5730\u4f4d\u8fdb\u884c\u5e73\u8861\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5de5\u4f1a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4eab\u6709\u8bf8\u591a\u6743\u5229\u9650\u5236\u96c7\u4e3b\u7684\u7ecf\u8425\u81ea\u4e3b\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u96c7\u4e3b\u4f01\u56fe\u9650\u5236\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u7ec4\u5efa\u548c\u52a0\u5165\u5de5\u4f1a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6765\u9650\u5236\u5de5\u4f1a\u7684\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u5982\uff1a\u201c\u9ec4\u72d7\u5951\u7ea6\u201d\uff08yellow-dog contract\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u901a\u8fc7\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e0a\u7684\u652f\u6301\u548c\u5de5\u4f1a\u8d1f\u8d23\u4eba\u5458\u5b89\u6392\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u5de5\u4f1a\u56e2\u4f53\u7684\u4eba\u683c\u7684\u4f9d\u9644\u6027\u3002\u6211\u56fd\u5de5\u4f1a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e3a\u793e\u56e2\u6cd5\u4eba\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4eba\u683c\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u300a\u5de5\u4f1a\u6cd5\u300b\u7684\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u5de5\u4f1a\u4eab\u6709\u8fd0\u8425\u72ec\u7acb\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u72ec\u7acb\u3001\u7ec4\u7ec7\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u6743\u5229\uff0c\u201c\u5de5\u4f1a\u5404\u7ea7\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6309\u7167\u6c11\u4e3b\u96c6\u4e2d\u5236\u539f\u5219\u5efa\u7acb\u3002\u5404\u7ea7\u5de5\u4f1a\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u7531\u4f1a\u5458\u5927\u4f1a\u6216\u8005\u4f1a\u5458\u4ee3\u8868\u5927\u4f1a\u6c11\u4e3b\u9009\u4e3e\u4ea7\u751f\u3002\u4f01\u4e1a\u4e3b\u8981\u8d1f\u8d23\u4eba\u7684\u8fd1\u4eb2\u5c5e\u4e0d\u5f97\u4f5c\u4e3a\u672c\u4f01\u4e1a\u57fa\u5c42\u5de5\u4f1a\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u6210\u5458\u7684\u4eba\u9009\u3002\u201d\u5de5\u4f1a\u201c\u4f9d\u7167\u5de5\u4f1a\u7ae0\u7a0b\u72ec\u7acb\u81ea\u4e3b\u5730\u5f00\u5c55\u5de5\u4f5c\u201d\uff0c\u201c\u6839\u636e\u7ecf\u8d39\u72ec\u7acb\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u9884\u7b97\u3001\u51b3\u7b97\u548c\u7ecf\u8d39\u5ba1\u67e5\u76d1\u7763\u5236\u5ea6\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n

\u4e8c\u662f\u5de5\u4f1a\u56e2\u4f53\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u81ea\u6cbb\u3002\u5373\u5de5\u4f1a\u56e2\u4f53\u80fd\u591f\u57fa\u4e8e\u81ea\u8eab\u804c\u80fd\u7684\u5c65\u884c\uff0c\u4f9d\u7167\u6cd5\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u81ea\u4e3b\u91c7\u53d6\u7ef4\u62a4\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u5408\u6cd5\u6743\u76ca\u7684\u96c6\u4f53\u884c\u52a8\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u3002\u201c\u5305\u62ec\u52b3\u5de5\u540c\u76df\u5e94\u6709\u900f\u8fc7\u96c6\u4f53\u534f\u5546\u4e4b\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4e0e\u5bf9\u52b3\u52a8\u6761\u4ef6\u53ca\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6761\u4ef6\u5177\u6709\u51b3\u5b9a\u6743\u9650\u4e4b\u5bf9\u624b\u8fdb\u884c\u4ea4\u6d89\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u8fc5\u901f\u3001\u6709\u6548\u5730\u89c4\u8303\u52b3\u52a8\u751f\u6d3b\u79e9\u5e8f\u5e76\u89e3\u51b3\u52b3\u52a8\u4e89\u8bae\u7684\u6743\u5229\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5728\u96c6\u4f53\u534f\u5546\u7834\u88c2\u6216\u65e0\u7ed3\u679c\u65f6\uff0c\u4e3a\u6c42\u96c6\u4f53\u534f\u5546\u5f97\u4ee5\u91cd\u65b0\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u6216\u4e3a\u6c42\u96c6\u4f53\u534f\u5546\u5f97\u4ee5\u5c3d\u901f\u83b7\u5f97\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u5219\u52b3\u5de5\u540c\u76df\u5373\u5fc5\u987b\u62e5\u6709\u8fdb\u884c\u7f62\u5de5\u7b49\u884c\u52a8\u4e4b\u96c6\u4f53\u4e89\u8bae\u6743\u201d\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5de5\u4f1a\u56e2\u4f53\u8fd8\u6709\u53c2\u4e0e\u4f01\u4e1a\u7ecf\u8425\u51b3\u7b56\u7684\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u81ea\u7531\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u201c\u7ecf\u8425\u6743\u6c11\u4e3b\u5316\u201d\u7684\u4f53\u73b0\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\uff0c\u201c\u5728\u4f20\u7edf\u6c11\u6cd5\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\u4e2d\uff0c\u7ecf\u8425\u6743\u4e43\u662f\u6240\u6709\u6743\u4eba\u5f53\u7136\u5f97\u6743\u5229\uff0c\u96c7\u4e3b\u5728\u5de5\u8d44\u53ca\u6709\u5173\u95ee\u9898\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u63a5\u53d7\u56e2\u4f53\u534f\u5546\u7684\u539f\u5219\u5df2\u7ecf\u662f\u6700\u5927\u7684\u8ba9\u6b65\uff0c\u81f3\u4e8e\u7528\u52b3\u8d44\u5171\u540c\u53c2\u4e0e\u7ecf\u8425\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5219\u4e0d\u80fd\u63a5\u53d7\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u96c7\u4e3b\u82e5\u88ab\u5265\u593a\u4e86\u51b3\u5b9a\u53ca\u5b9e\u884c\u6709\u6548\u7ecf\u8425\u653f\u7b56\u6240\u5c5e\u7684\u6743\u5229\uff0c\u5373\u4e0d\u80fd\u9002\u5f53\u5904\u7406\u5176\u4e1a\u52a1\u3002\u201d[30]\uff08P34\uff09\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u52b3\u52a8\u793e\u4f1a\u5316\uff0c\u786e\u7acb\u4e86\u4ee5\u751f\u5b58\u6743\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u6743\uff0c\u800c\u804c\u5de5\u53c2\u4e0e\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u5efa\u7acb\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u53ca\u5176\u5de5\u4f1a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u80fd\u591f\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u53c2\u4e0e\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u7ecf\u8425\u3002\u5176\u539f\u7531\u5728\u4e8e\u201c\u5de5\u4f5c\u573a\u6240\u4e43\u52b3\u5de5\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u4e4b\u7edd\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u6240\u5728\uff0c\u662f\u52b3\u5de5\u4eba\u683c\u5f62\u6210\u4e0e\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6210\u5206\uff0c\u6545\u5176\u5171\u540c\u5728\u4f01\u4e1a\u8fdb\u884c\u96c6\u4f53\u884c\u52a8\u7684\u6743\u5229\u4e0d\u5f97\u4efb\u610f\u5265\u593a\u6216\u4e0d\u5f53\u3001\u8fc7\u5ea6\u5730\u4e88\u4ee5\u9650\u5236\u3002\u201d[31]\uff08P153-158\uff09<\/p>\n

\u5c31\u300a\u52b3\u52a8\u5408\u540c\u6cd5\u300b\u89c4\u5b9a\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u6d89\u53ca\u5de5\u4f1a\u56e2\u4f53\u7684\u81ea\u6cbb\u4e3b\u8981\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\u96c6\u4f53\u534f\u5546\u548c\u53c2\u4e0e\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u7ecf\u8425\u51b3\u7b56\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u81ea\u7531\u4e24\u65b9\u9762\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u524d\u8005\uff0c\u300a\u52b3\u52a8\u5408\u540c\u6cd5\u300b\u7b2c\u516d\u6761\u89c4\u5b9a\uff1a\u201c\u5de5\u4f1a\u5e94\u5f53\u4e0e\u7528\u4eba\u5355\u4f4d\u5efa\u7acb\u96c6\u4f53\u534f\u5546\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u7ef4\u62a4\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u7684\u5408\u6cd5\u6743\u76ca\u3002\u201d\u7b2c\u4e94\u5341\u4e00\u6761\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b3e\u89c4\u5b9a\uff1a\u201c\u4f01\u4e1a\u804c\u5de5\u4e00\u65b9\u4e0e\u7528\u4eba\u5355\u4f4d\u901a\u8fc7\u5e73\u7b49\u534f\u5546\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c31\u52b3\u52a8\u62a5\u916c\u3001\u5de5\u4f5c\u65f6\u95f4\u3001\u4f11\u606f\u4f11\u5047\u3001\u52b3\u52a8\u5b89\u5168\u536b\u751f\u3001\u4fdd\u9669\u798f\u5229\u7b49\u4e8b\u9879\u8ba2\u7acb\u96c6\u4f53\u5408\u540c\u3002\u96c6\u4f53\u5408\u540c\u8349\u6848\u5e94\u5f53\u63d0\u4ea4\u804c\u5de5\u4ee3\u8868\u5927\u4f1a\u6216\u8005\u5168\u4f53\u804c\u5de5\u8ba8\u8bba\u901a\u8fc7\u3002\u201d\u800c\u540e\u8005\u5219\u4e3b\u8981\u4f53\u73b0\u5728\u300a\u52b3\u52a8\u5408\u540c\u6cd5\u300b\u7b2c\u56db\u6761\u5173\u4e8e\u5de5\u4f1a\u5efa\u8bae\u6743\u3001\u534f\u5546\u4fee\u6539\u6743\u7b49\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7528\u4eba\u5355\u4f4d\u5236\u5b9a\u52b3\u52a8\u89c4\u7ae0\u6216\u8005\u91cd\u5927\u4e8b\u9879\u7684\u6743\u5229\u7684\u5236\u7ea6\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u7b2c\u56db\u5341\u4e09\u6761\u5de5\u4f1a\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7528\u4eba\u5355\u4f4d\u89e3\u9664\u52b3\u52a8\u5408\u540c\u7684\u5236\u7ea6\u7b49\u3002\u5de5\u4f1a\u56e2\u4f53\u96c6\u4f53\u534f\u5546\u548c\u8ba2\u7acb\u96c6\u4f53\u5408\u540c\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u81ea\u7531\u662f\u91cd\u70b9\uff0c\u4ece\u7b2c\u4e94\u5341\u4e00\u6761\u3001\u4e94\u5341\u4e8c\u6761\u7684\u89c4\u5b9a\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u5de5\u4f1a\u5728\u8ba2\u7acb\u96c6\u4f53\u5408\u540c\u4e2d\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u8981\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\u786e\u7acb\u96c6\u4f53\u5408\u540c\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u610f\u601d\u81ea\u6cbb\uff0c\u5373\u5de5\u4f1a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5728\u201c\u4e0d\u5f97\u4f4e\u4e8e\u5f53\u5730\u4eba\u6c11\u653f\u5e9c\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\u6700\u4f4e\u6807\u51c6\u201d\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u57fa\u4e8e\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u5b9e\u529b\u901a\u8fc7\u96c6\u4f53\u534f\u5546\u4e3a\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u4e89\u53d6\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684\u6743\u76ca\u3002\u201c\u52b3\u52a8\u9886\u57df\u5185\u7684\u56e2\u4f53\u8fbe\u6210\u7684\u603b\u7684\u534f\u8bae\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u5355\u4e2a\u52b3\u52a8\u5408\u540c\u5185\u5bb9\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u79cd\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u62c5\u4fdd\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u662f\u5355\u4e2a\u5951\u7ea6\u81ea\u7531\u4e0d\u80fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u3002\u201d[32]\uff08P4\uff09<\/p>\n

\uff08\u4e09\uff09\u56fd\u5bb6\u5f3a\u5236<\/p>\n

\u52b3\u52a8\u6cd5\u662f\u968f\u7740\u5de5\u5382\u52b3\u52a8\u7684\u4ea7\u751f\u800c\u4ea7\u751f\uff0c\u5176\u7acb\u6cd5\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u662f\u52b3\u8d44\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\u529b\u91cf\u5bf9\u6bd4\u7684\u60ac\u6b8a\u3002\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7528\u4eba\u5355\u4f4d\u5c45\u4e8e\u5f31\u52bf\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u53ea\u6709\u51fa\u5356\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u5176\u65e0\u6cd5\u751f\u5b58\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u81ea\u529b\u8c03\u6574\u4ef7\u683c\u9ad8\u4f4e\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u6d88\u5931\u3002\u800c\u7528\u4eba\u5355\u4f4d\u51fa\u4e8e\u7ecf\u8425\u6210\u672c\u7684\u8003\u91cf\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5229\u7528\u5176\u5f3a\u52bf\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u8086\u610f\u538b\u4f4e\u4eba\u5de5\u6210\u672c\uff0c\u4fb5\u5bb3\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u6743\u76ca\u751a\u81f3\u5371\u53ca\u5176\u751f\u5b58\u3002\u52b3\u52a8\u6cd5\u5c31\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7684\u5f3a\u5236\u6765\u8fbe\u5230\u4fdd\u62a4\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

\u52b3\u52a8\u57fa\u51c6\u6cd5\u4e3a\u653f\u5e9c\u5bf9\u52b3\u52a8\u6761\u4ef6\u5e72\u9884\u3001\u4ecb\u5165\u4e4b\u6cd5\uff0c\u5176\u5f53\u4e8b\u4eba\u4e00\u65b9\u4e3a\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u5219\u4e3a\u96c7\u4e3b\u3002[33]\uff08P278-279\uff09\u5176\u6839\u672c\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u5e72\u9884\u548c\u4ecb\u5165\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u6cd5\u5f8b\u89c4\u8303\u503e\u659c\u4fdd\u62a4\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u6765\u8bbe\u5b9a\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u4e0e\u7528\u4eba\u5355\u4f4d\u7684\u610f\u601d\u81ea\u6cbb\u7684\u754c\u9650\u3002\u201c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u52b3\u52a8\u5951\u7ea6\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u5e76\u975e\u5f53\u4e8b\u4eba\u53ef\u4ee5\u4efb\u610f\u51b3\u5b9a\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u53d7\u5230\u76f8\u5f53\u7a0b\u5ea6\u9650\u5236\u3002\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u4e3a\u4e86\u7ef4\u6301\u52b3\u52a8\u5951\u7ea6\u5f53\u4e8b\u4eba\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u4ecd\u5141\u8bb8\u5f53\u4e8b\u4eba\u4e3a\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u5408\u610f\uff0c\u4f46\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u5f80\u5f80\u4ee5\u2018\u52b3\u52a8\u57fa\u51c6\u2019\u4f5c\u4e3a\u52b3\u52a8\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u4e0a\u9650\u6216\u4e0b\u9650\uff0c\u8fd9\u7c7b\u57fa\u51c6\u7684\u8bbe\u5b9a\uff0c\u4e43\u662f\u653f\u5e9c\u9664\u4e86\u7ef4\u62a4\u5f53\u4e8b\u4eba\u5951\u7ea6\u5185\u5bb9\u2018\u4e3b\u89c2\u4e0a\u7684\u516c\u5e73\u6027\u2019\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u5c1a\u8981\u5173\u6ce8\u5230\u5951\u7ea6\u5bf9\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u7279\u522b\u6ce8\u91cd\u5951\u7ea6\u5185\u5bb9\u2018\u5ba2\u89c2\u4e0a\u7684\u59a5\u5f53\u6027\u2019\u201d\u3002[34]\uff08P35\uff09\u201c\u52b3\u52a8\u4fdd\u62a4\u6cd5\u539f\u5219\u4e0a\u4e0d\u53ef\u81ea\u884c\u6539\u53d8\u7684\u3002\u201d[35]\uff08P173\uff09\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u300a\u52b3\u52a8\u5408\u540c\u6cd5\u300b\u7b2c\u4e94\u5341\u4e94\u6761\u89c4\u5b9a\uff1a\u201c\u96c6\u4f53\u5408\u540c\u4e2d\u52b3\u52a8\u62a5\u916c\u548c\u52b3\u52a8\u6761\u4ef6\u7b49\u6807\u51c6\u4e0d\u5f97\u4f4e\u4e8e\u5f53\u5730\u4eba\u6c11\u653f\u5e9c\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\u6700\u4f4e\u6807\u51c6\uff1b\u7528\u4eba\u5355\u4f4d\u4e0e\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u8ba2\u7acb\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u5408\u540c\u4e2d\u52b3\u52a8\u62a5\u916c\u548c\u52b3\u52a8\u6761\u4ef6\u7b49\u6807\u51c6\u4e0d\u5f97\u4f4e\u4e8e\u96c6\u4f53\u5408\u540c\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u3002\u201d\u8be5\u6761\u89c4\u5b9a\u5177\u6709\u63f4\u5f15\u6027\uff0c\u5373\u5c06\u201c\u5f53\u5730\u4eba\u6c11\u653f\u5e9c\u89c4\u5b9a\u201d\u7eb3\u5165\u5230\u52b3\u52a8\u5408\u540c\u6cd5\u7684\u9002\u7528\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u300a\u52b3\u52a8\u5408\u540c\u6cd5\u300b\u4e2d\uff0c\u7a81\u51fa\u4e86\u52b3\u52a8\u57fa\u51c6\u4e2d\u56db\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u4e00\u662f\uff0c\u5de5\u4f5c\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0e\u4f11\u606f\u3001\u4f11\u5047\u3002\u5de5\u4f5c\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0e\u4f11\u606f\u3001\u4f11\u5047\u662f\u76f8\u5bf9\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5176\u4e8c\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5e73\u8861\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u4e2a\u4f53\u4f5c\u4e3a\u96c7\u5458\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u6210\u5458\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u7684\u534f\u8c03\uff0c\u5176\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u7684\u8eab\u4f53\u72b6\u51b5\u7b49\u7269\u7406\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd8\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u8bf8\u591a\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u300a\u52b3\u52a8\u6cd5\u300b\u786e\u5b9a\u4e86\u5de5\u4f5c\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u4f11\u606f\u3001\u4f11\u5047\u7684\u57fa\u51c6\uff0c\u300a\u52b3\u52a8\u5408\u540c\u6cd5\u300b\u5c06\u5de5\u4f5c\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u4f11\u606f\u3001\u4f11\u5047\u89c4\u5b9a\u4e86\u52b3\u52a8\u5408\u540c\u7684\u5fc5\u5907\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u660e\u786e\u4e86\u975e\u5168\u65e5\u5236\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u89c4\u5b9a\u7528\u4eba\u5355\u4f4d\u9075\u5b88\u56fd\u5bb6\u5173\u4e8e\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u5de5\u4f5c\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u4f11\u606f\u4f11\u5047\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\u4e49\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e8c\u662f\uff0c\u6700\u4f4e\u5de5\u8d44\u6807\u51c6\u3002\u201c\u6700\u4f4e\u5de5\u8d44\u201d\u662f\u6307\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u5728\u6cd5\u5b9a\u5de5\u4f5c\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u5c65\u884c\u4e86\u6b63\u5e38\u52b3\u52a8\u4e49\u52a1\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u4e0b\uff0c\u7531\u5176\u6240\u5728\u5355\u4f4d\u652f\u4ed8\u7684\u6700\u4f4e\u52b3\u52a8\u62a5\u916c\uff0c\u6700\u4f4e\u5de5\u8d44\u5305\u62ec\u57fa\u672c\u5de5\u8d44\u548c\u5956\u91d1\u3001\u6d25\u8d34\u3001\u8865\u8d34\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u5305\u62ec\u52a0\u73ed\u52a0\u70b9\u5de5\u8d44\u3001\u7279\u6b8a\u52b3\u52a8\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u7684\u6d25\u8d34\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u4fdd\u9669\u548c\u798f\u5229\u5f85\u9047\u6392\u9664\u5728\u5916\u3002\u6700\u4f4e\u5de5\u8d44\u5177\u6709\u751f\u5b58\u4fdd\u969c\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u751f\u5b58\uff0c\u8fd8\u5305\u62ec\u5176\u5bb6\u5ead\u6210\u5458\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u300a\u52b3\u52a8\u6cd5\u300b\u7b2c\u56db\u5341\u4e5d\u6761\u89c4\u5b9a\uff1a\u201c\u786e\u5b9a\u548c\u8c03\u6574\u6700\u4f4e\u5de5\u8d44\u6807\u51c6\u5e94\u5f53\u7efc\u5408\u53c2\u8003\u4e0b\u5217\u56e0\u7d20\uff1a\uff08\u4e00\uff09\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u672c\u4eba\u53ca\u5e73\u5747\u8d61\u517b\u4eba\u53e3\u7684\u6700\u4f4e\u751f\u6d3b\u8d39\u7528\uff1b\uff08\u4e8c\uff09\u793e\u4f1a\u5e73\u5747\u5de5\u8d44\u6c34\u5e73\uff1b\uff08\u4e09\uff09\u52b3\u52a8\u751f\u4ea7\u7387\uff1b\uff08\u56db\uff09\u5c31\u4e1a\u72b6\u51b5\uff1b\uff08\u4e94\uff09\u5730\u533a\u4e4b\u95f4\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\u6c34\u5e73\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u3002\u201d\u800c\u5176\u4e2d\u201c\u6700\u4f4e\u751f\u6d3b\u8d39\u7528\u201d\uff0c\u5e94\u4e3a\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u672c\u4eba\u53ca\u5176\u8d61\u517b\u4eba\u53e3\u4e3a\u7ef4\u6301\u6700\u4f4e\u751f\u6d3b\u9700\u8981\u800c\u5fc5\u987b\u652f\u4ed8\u7684\u8d39\u7528\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5403\u3001\u7a7f\u3001\u4f4f\u3001\u884c\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\u3002\u300a\u52b3\u52a8\u5408\u540c\u6cd5\u300b\u5206\u522b\u5728\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5341\u6761\u89c4\u5b9a\u8bd5\u7528\u671f\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u5de5\u8d44\u3001\u7b2c\u4e94\u5341\u516b\u6761\u201c\u88ab\u6d3e\u9063\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u5728\u65e0\u5de5\u4f5c\u671f\u95f4\u5de5\u8d44\u201d\u3001\u7b2c\u4e03\u5341\u4e8c\u6761\u89c4\u5b9a\u975e\u5168\u65e5\u5236\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u5c0f\u65f6\u5de5\u8d44\u4e0d\u5f97\u4f4e\u4e8e\u6700\u4f4e\u5de5\u8d44\u6807\u51c6\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e09\u662f\uff0c\u52b3\u52a8\u4fdd\u62a4\u548c\u52b3\u52a8\u6761\u4ef6\u3002\u52b3\u52a8\u4fdd\u62a4\u662f\u6307\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u5728\u52b3\u52a8\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u548c\u5065\u5eb7\u4fdd\u62a4\uff0c\u53c8\u79f0\u4e3a\u52b3\u52a8\u5b89\u5168\u536b\u751f\u6216\u804c\u4e1a\u5b89\u5168\u536b\u751f\u3002\u52b3\u52a8\u6761\u4ef6\u548c\u52b3\u52a8\u4fdd\u62a4\u5173\u7cfb\u5230\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u7684\u4eba\u8eab\u5b89\u5168\u548c\u4eba\u683c\u5c0a\u4e25\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u6cd5\u5b9a\u57fa\u51c6\u5f3a\u5316\u7528\u4eba\u5355\u4f4d\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u4fdd\u62a4\u4e49\u52a1\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fdd\u62a4\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u7684\u4eba\u8eab\u6743\u5229\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u7684\u4f53\u9762\u52b3\u52a8\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u4f5c\u4e3a\u793e\u4f1a\u6210\u5458\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u5c65\u884c\u52b3\u52a8\u7ed9\u4ed8\u4e49\u52a1\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u627f\u62c5\u7740\u4e00\u4e9b\u793e\u4f1a\u804c\u8d23\uff0c\u5982\uff1a\u5bb6\u5ead\u629a\u517b\u7b49\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u52b3\u52a8\u4fdd\u62a4\u548c\u52b3\u52a8\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u57fa\u51c6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u4e2a\u4f53\u7684\u4eba\u8eab\u6743\u76ca\u7684\u4fdd\u62a4\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5219\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u5de5\u65f6\u7b49\u4fdd\u969c\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u793e\u4f1a\u804c\u8d23\u7684\u5c65\u884c\uff0c\u4fc3\u6210\u6574\u4e2a\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u8c10\u3002\u300a\u52b3\u52a8\u5408\u540c\u6cd5\u300b\u5c06\u52b3\u52a8\u4fdd\u62a4\u548c\u52b3\u52a8\u6761\u4ef6\u4f5c\u4e3a\u52b3\u52a8\u5408\u540c\u7684\u5fc5\u5907\u6761\u6b3e\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u5e76\u975e\u4ec5\u4e3a\u52b3\u52a8\u57fa\u51c6\u6cd5\u201c\u53cd\u5c04\u5229\u76ca\u4e4b\u4fdd\u62a4\u5bf9\u8c61\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u57fa\u4e8e\u52b3\u52a8\u5408\u540c\u6210\u4e3a\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u6743\u5229\u4eba\u3002\u300a\u52b3\u52a8\u5408\u540c\u6cd5\u300b\u7b2c\u4e09\u5341\u4e8c\u6761\u8d4b\u4e88\u4e86\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fdd\u7ae0\u6307\u6325\u3001\u5f3a\u4ee4\u5192\u9669\u4f5c\u4e1a\u7684\u62d2\u7edd\u6743\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bf9\u5371\u5bb3\u751f\u547d\u5b89\u5168\u548c\u8eab\u4f53\u5065\u5eb7\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u6279\u8bc4\u3001\u68c0\u4e3e\u548c\u63a7\u544a\u7684\u6743\u5229\u3002\u5e76\u4e14\u5728\u7b2c\u516b\u5341\u516b\u6761\u901a\u8fc7\u6cd5\u5f8b\u8d23\u4efb\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u5f3a\u5316\u4e86\u7528\u4eba\u5355\u4f4d\u63d0\u4f9b\u52b3\u52a8\u4fdd\u62a4\u548c\u52b3\u52a8\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u4e49\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n

\u56db\u662f\uff0c\u89e3\u96c7\u4fdd\u62a4\u3002\u89e3\u96c7\u4fdd\u62a4\u662f\u56fd\u5bb6\u5f3a\u5236\u7acb\u6cd5\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7528\u4eba\u5355\u4f4d\u4e0d\u5f53\u89e3\u96c7\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u5176\u76ee\u7684\u5728\u4e8e\u4fdd\u62a4\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u7684\u804c\u4e1a\u7a33\u5b9a\u3002\u89e3\u96c7\u4fdd\u62a4\u7684\u9650\u5236\u5177\u6709\u5355\u65b9\u6027\uff0c\u5b9e\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u5bf9\u7528\u4eba\u5355\u4f4d\u7ecf\u8425\u81ea\u4e3b\u6743\u7684\u9650\u5236\u3002\u5176\u539f\u56e0\u5728\u4e8e\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u4e0e\u7528\u4eba\u5355\u4f4d\u4e4b\u95f4\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u4e0d\u5bf9\u7b49\u6027\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u4ece\u4ee5\u4e0b\u65b9\u9762\u770b\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e00\uff0c\u4ece\u52b3\u52a8\u5408\u540c\u7684\u8ba2\u7acb\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u5e02\u573a\u6574\u4f53\u7684\u4f9b\u5927\u4e8e\u6c42\u7b49\u56e0\u7d20\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u8ba2\u7acb\u52b3\u52a8\u5408\u540c\u96be\uff0c\u800c\u7528\u4eba\u5355\u4f4d\u8ba2\u7acb\u52b3\u52a8\u5408\u540c\u6613\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u52b3\u52a8\u5408\u540c\u7684\u89e3\u9664\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e8c\u8005\u7684\u7f14\u7ea6\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u9650\u5236\u548c\u5e73\u8861\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u89e3\u7ea6\u6613\uff0c\u800c\u7528\u4eba\u5355\u4f4d\u89e3\u7ea6\u96be\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0c\u4ece\u52b3\u52a8\u5408\u540c\u7684\u5c65\u884c\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u5728\u52b3\u52a8\u5408\u540c\u7684\u5c65\u884c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fdb\u5165\u7528\u4eba\u5355\u4f4d\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u573a\u6240\uff0c\u670d\u4ece\u7528\u4eba\u5355\u4f4d\u7684\u6307\u793a\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u81ea\u5df1\u5bf9\u4e8e\u52b3\u52a8\u5408\u540c\u5c65\u884c\u81ea\u4e3b\u6027\u53d7\u5230\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u800c\u7528\u4eba\u5355\u4f4d\u5219\u662f\u81ea\u4e3b\u63a7\u5236\u4e86\u52b3\u52a8\u5c65\u884c\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u5e76\u4e14\uff0c\u4ece\u52b3\u52a8\u5408\u540c\u5c65\u884c\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u7528\u4eba\u5355\u4f4d\u51e0\u4e4e\u83b7\u5f97\u751f\u4ea7\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u800c\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u5c06\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u4ee5\u52b3\u52a8\u62a5\u916c\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5206\u914d\u7ed9\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u57fa\u4e8e\u52b3\u52a8\u5408\u540c\u5c65\u884c\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u5bf9\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u5b9e\u65bd\u5f3a\u5236\u6027\u7684\u89e3\u96c7\u4fdd\u62a4\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\uff0c\u4ece\u89e3\u96c7\u6240\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u7684\u6743\u5229\u5e73\u8861\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u52b3\u52a8\u5173\u7cfb\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e0a\u5177\u6709\u8d22\u4ea7\u6027\u548c\u5e73\u7b49\u6027\uff0c\u800c\u5b9e\u8d28\u4e0a\u5374\u5177\u6709\u4eba\u8eab\u6027\u548c\u96b6\u5c5e\u6027\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u52b3\u52a8\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u89e3\u9664\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u7684\u4eba\u8eab\u6743\u4e0e\u7528\u4eba\u5355\u4f4d\u7684\u8d22\u4ea7\u6743\u7684\u5e73\u8861\uff0c\u800c\u4ece\u6743\u5229\u4f4d\u9636\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u4eba\u8eab\u6743\u7684\u4fdd\u62a4\u5e94\u8be5\u4f18\u5148\u4e8e\u8d22\u4ea7\u6743\u7684\u4fdd\u62a4\u3002<\/p>\n

\u300a\u52b3\u52a8\u5408\u540c\u6cd5\u300b\u786e\u7acb\u4e86\u89e3\u96c7\u4fdd\u62a4\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u5176\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\u7528\u4eba\u5355\u4f4d\u7684\u5355\u65b9\u89e3\u9664\u6743\u4e3b\u8981\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u63a8\u5b9a\u8f9e\u804c\u89e3\u9664\u6743\uff08\u7b2c\u4e09\u5341\u4e5d\u6761\uff09\u3001\u6cd5\u5b9a\u89e3\u9664\u6743\uff08\u7b2c\u56db\u5341\u6761\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6027\u88c1\u5458\u7684\u89e3\u9664\u6743\uff08\u7b2c\u56db\u5341\u4e00\u6761\uff09\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e0a\u8ff0\u89e3\u9664\u6743\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u300a\u52b3\u52a8\u5408\u540c\u6cd5\u300b\u8bbe\u5b9a\u4e86\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u5b9e\u4f53\u6027\u6761\u4ef6\u548c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6027\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u5982\uff1a\u7b2c\u56db\u5341\u6761\u89c4\u5b9a\uff1a\u201c\u6709\u4e0b\u5217\u60c5\u5f62\u4e4b\u4e00\u7684\uff0c\u7528\u4eba\u5355\u4f4d\u63d0\u524d\u4e09\u5341\u65e5\u4ee5\u4e66\u9762\u5f62\u5f0f\u901a\u77e5\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u672c\u4eba\u6216\u8005\u989d\u5916\u652f\u4ed8\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u4e00\u4e2a\u6708\u5de5\u8d44\u540e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u89e3\u9664\u52b3\u52a8\u5408\u540c\uff1a\uff08\u4e00\uff09\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u60a3\u75c5\u6216\u8005\u975e\u56e0\u5de5\u8d1f\u4f24\uff0c\u5728\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\u533b\u7597\u671f\u6ee1\u540e\u4e0d\u80fd\u4ece\u4e8b\u539f\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u4ece\u4e8b\u7531\u7528\u4eba\u5355\u4f4d\u53e6\u884c\u5b89\u6392\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u2026\u2026\u201d\u3002\u7528\u4eba\u5355\u4f4d\u6839\u636e\u8be5\u6761\u89c4\u5b9a\u89e3\u9664\u52b3\u52a8\u5408\u540c\u5fc5\u987b\u7b26\u5408\u4ee5\u4e0b\u6761\u4ef6\uff1a\uff081\uff09\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6027\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u5373\u63d0\u524d\u4e09\u5341\u65e5\u4ee5\u4e66\u9762\u5f62\u5f0f\u901a\u77e5\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u672c\u4eba\u6216\u8005\u989d\u5916\u652f\u4ed8\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u4e00\u4e2a\u6708\u5de5\u8d44\uff1b\uff082\uff09\u5b9e\u4f53\u6027\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u9700\u8bc1\u660e\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u60a3\u75c5\u6216\u8005\u975e\u56e0\u5de5\u8d1f\u4f24\uff1b\u5176\u6b21\u8bc1\u660e\u533b\u7597\u671f\u6ee1\u540e\u4e0d\u80fd\u4ece\u4e8b\u539f\u5de5\u4f5c\uff1b\u6700\u540e\u8fd8\u9700\u8bc1\u660e\u7528\u4eba\u5355\u4f4d\u53e6\u884c\u5b89\u6392\u4e86\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u80dc\u4efb\u3002\u5e76\u4e14\uff0c\u7528\u4eba\u5355\u4f4d\u6839\u636e\u6cd5\u5b9a\u89e3\u9664\u6743\uff08\u7b2c\u56db\u5341\u6761\uff09\u548c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6027\u88c1\u5458\u7684\u89e3\u9664\u6743\uff08\u7b2c\u56db\u5341\u4e00\u6761\uff09\u89e3\u9664\u52b3\u52a8\u5408\u540c\u7684\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u8981\u5411\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u7ed9\u4ed8\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8865\u507f\u91d1\uff0c\u4e14\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u5728\u5b55\u671f\u3001\u4ea7\u671f\u3001\u54fa\u4e73\u671f\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u975e\u56e0\u5de5\u8d1f\u4f24\uff0c\u5728\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\u533b\u7597\u671f\u5185\u7684\u7b49\u60c5\u5f62\u4e0b\uff0c\u7528\u4eba\u5355\u4f4d\u4e0d\u5f97\u4ee5\u6cd5\u5b9a\u89e3\u9664\u6743\u6216\u8005\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6027\u88c1\u5458\u89e3\u9664\u6743\u89e3\u9664\u52b3\u52a8\u5408\u540c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7528\u4eba\u5355\u4f4d\u8fdd\u53cd\u89e3\u96c7\u4fdd\u62a4\u7684\u9650\u5236\u89e3\u9664\u6216\u8005\u7ec8\u6b62\u52b3\u52a8\u5408\u540c\u7684\uff0c\u5e94\u5f53\u4f9d\u7167\u300a\u52b3\u52a8\u5408\u540c\u6cd5\u300b\u6cd5\u7b2c\u56db\u5341\u4e03\u6761\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8865\u507f\u6807\u51c6\u7684\u4e8c\u500d\u5411\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u652f\u4ed8\u8d54\u507f\u91d1\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7ed3\u8bed<\/p>\n

\u6709\u5b66\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u79c1\u6cd5\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u5728\u4e8e\u89c4\u8303\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2a\u4f53\uff08\u79c1\u4eba\uff09\u751f\u6d3b\u4ea4\u5f80\uff0c\u9632\u6b62\u65e0\u653f\u5e9c\u4e3b\u4e49\u3002\u516c\u6cd5\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u5728\u4e8e\u89c4\u8303\u516c\u5171\u7ba1\u7406\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u8fd0\u4f5c\uff0c\u9632\u6b62\u4e13\u5236\u3002[36]\uff08P224\uff09\u5982\u679c\u4ece\u516c\u79c1\u6cd5\u5f8b\u89c4\u8303\u5728\u5404\u81ea\u4f53\u7cfb\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u6548\u529b\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u4e0a\u8ff0\u89c2\u70b9\u65e0\u7591\u662f\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u4ece\u516c\u79c1\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u5173\u7cfb\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u79c1\u6cd5\u901a\u8fc7\u81ea\u6cbb\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u80fd\u591f\u9632\u6b62\u516c\u6cd5\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5e02\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u4e0d\u5f53\u5e72\u6d89\uff0c\u800c\u516c\u6cd5\u901a\u8fc7\u5f3a\u5236\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u9632\u6b62\u79c1\u6cd5\u81ea\u6cbb\u7684\u6ee5\u7528\u3002\u52b3\u52a8\u6cd5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u793e\u4f1a\u6cd5\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u516c\u79c1\u6cd5\u4ea4\u878d\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u3002\u52b3\u52a8\u5408\u540c\u4e2d\u5f53\u4e8b\u4eba\u53cc\u65b9\u7684\u81ea\u6cbb\u7684\u754c\u9650\u662f\u56e2\u4f53\u5951\u7ea6\u548c\u56fd\u5bb6\u5f3a\u5236\u6027\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u52b3\u52a8\u5408\u540c\u6cd5\u517c\u5bb9\u79c1\u6cd5\u81ea\u6cbb\u548c\u516c\u6cd5\u5f3a\u5236\u7684\u8c03\u6574\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u793e\u4f1a\u6cd5\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n

\u672c\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c\u53d7\u6559\u80b2\u90e8\u201c\u65b0\u4e16\u7eaa\u4f18\u79c0\u4eba\u624d\u652f\u6301\u8ba1\u5212\u8d44\u52a9\u201d<\/p>\n

\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e\uff1a<\/p>\n

[1][2][3]\u00a0 \u5b59\u56fd\u534e\u3001\u6731\u666f\u6587\uff1a\u300a\u6cd5\u7406\u5b66\u300b\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u6c11\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1999.<\/p>\n

[4]\u00a0 \u9ed1\u683c\u5c14\uff1a\u300a\u6cd5\u54f2\u5b66\u539f\u7406\u300b\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u5546\u52a1\u5370\u4e66\u9986\uff0c1979.<\/p>\n

[5]\u00a0 \u738b\u5168\u5174\u3001\u7ba1\u658c\uff1a\u300a\u6c11\u5546\u6cd5\u4e0e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6cd5\u5173\u7cfb\u8bba\u7eb2\u300b\uff0c\u8f7d\u300a\u6cd5\u5546\u7814\u7a76\u300b\uff0c2000\uff085\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

[6]\u00a0 \u738b\u9e9f\uff1a\u300a\u5229\u76ca\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u884c\u653f\u6cd5\u610f\u4e49\u300b\uff0c\u8f7d\u300a\u6cd5\u5b66\u300b\uff0c2004\uff0810\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

[7][9]\u00a0 \u9ad8\u5bcc\u5e73\uff1a\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u7269\u6743\u6cd5\uff1a\u5236\u5ea6\u8bbe\u8ba1\u548c\u521b\u65b0\u300b\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u6c11\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2005.<\/p>\n

[8]\u00a0 \u8bfa\u66fc\u00b7\u5df4\u91cc\uff1a\u300a\u798f\u5229\u300b\uff0c\u5409\u6797\uff1a\u5409\u6797\u4eba\u6c11\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2005.<\/p>\n

[10]\u00a0 \u53f2\u9645\u6625\uff1a\u300a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6cd5\u300b\uff08\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7248\uff09\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u6c11\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2005.<\/p>\n

[11]\u00a0 \u7f57\u4f2f\u7279\uff1f\u970d\u6069\u3001\u6d77\u56e0\uff1f\u79d1\u8328\u3001\u6c49\u65af\uff1fG\uff1f\u83b1\u585e\uff1a\u300a\u5fb7\u56fd\u6c11\u5546\u6cd5\u5bfc\u8bba\u300b\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5927\u767e\u79d1\u5168\u4e66\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1996.<\/p>\n

[12]\u00a0 \u5362\u68ad\uff1a\u300a\u793e\u4f1a\u5951\u7ea6\u8bba\u300b\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u5546\u52a1\u5370\u4e66\u9986\uff0c1980.<\/p>\n

[13]\u00a0 \u9ec4\u660e\u8000\uff1a\u300a\u6c11\u6cd5\u9002\u7528\u57fa\u672c\u95ee\u9898\u7814\u7a76\u300b\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u4e2d\u56fd\u6cd5\u5236\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2004.<\/p>\n

[14]\u00a0 \u5218\u6587\u534e\uff1a\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6cd5\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7406\u8bba\u7eb2\u8981\u300b\uff0c\u8f7d\u300a\u6c5f\u897f\u8d22\u7ecf\u5927\u5b66\u5b66\u62a5\u300b\uff0c2001\uff082\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

[15]\u00a0 \u91d1\u6cfd\u826f\u96c4\uff1a\u300a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6cd5\u6982\u8bba\u300b\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u4e2d\u56fd\u6cd5\u5236\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2005.<\/p>\n

[16]\u00a0 \u738b\u6cfd\u9274\uff1a\u300a\u6c11\u6cd5\u5b66\u8bf4\u4e0e\u5224\u4f8b\u7814\u7a76\u300b\uff08\u7b2c\u4e8c\u518c\uff09\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u6cd5\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2005\uff1b\u738b\u76ca\u82f1\uff1a\u300a\u5916\u56fd\u52b3\u52a8\u6cd5\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u4fdd\u969c\u6cd5\u300b\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u6c11\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2001.<\/p>\n

[17]\u00a0 \u674e\u5e7f\u6797\u3001\u5f20\u53cb\u5c71\uff1a\u300a\u82f1\u56fd\u52b3\u52a8\u5173\u7cfb\u8c03\u6574\u8003\u5bdf\u62a5\u544a\u300b\uff0c\u8f7d\u300a\u5c71\u4e1c\u52b3\u52a8\u4fdd\u969c\u300b\uff0c2003\uff088\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

[18][19] 20]\u00a0 Raymond Hogler.Employment Relations in the United States.Sage Publications\uff0c2004.<\/p>\n

[21] [25]\u00a0 \u79d1\u65af\u5854\u65af\u00b7\u675c\u5179\u7eb3\uff1a\u300a\u4eba\u6743\u7684\u7ec8\u7ed3\u300b\uff0c\u6c5f\u82cf\uff1a\u6c5f\u82cf\u4eba\u6c11\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2002.<\/p>\n

[22]\u00a0 \u8463\u4fdd\u534e\u3001\u5468\u5f00\u7545\uff1a\u300a\u4e5f\u8c08\u201c\u4ece\u5951\u7ea6\u5230\u8eab\u4efd\u201d\u2014\u2014\u5bf9\u7b2c\u4e09\u6cd5\u57df\u7684\u63a2\u7d22\u300b\uff0c\u8f7d\u300a\u6d59\u6c5f\u5b66\u520a\u300b\uff0c2004\uff081\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

[23]\u00a0 \u7afa\u6548\uff1a\u300a\u201c\u793e\u4f1a\u6cd5\u201d\u610f\u4e49\u8fa8\u6790\u300b\uff0c\u8f7d\u300a\u6cd5\u5546\u7814\u7a76\u300b\uff0c2004\uff082\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

[24] [26] [29] [31]\u00a0 \u9ec4\u7a0b\u8d2f\uff1a\u300a\u52b3\u52a8\u6cd5\u300b\uff08\u4fee\u8ba2\u518d\u7248\uff09\uff0c\u53f0\u5317\uff1a\u201c\u56fd\u7acb\u201d\u7a7a\u4e2d\u5927\u5b66\u5370\u884c\uff0c2001.<\/p>\n

[27] [30] [34]\u00a0 \u9ec4\u8d8a\u94a6\uff1a\u300a\u52b3\u52a8\u6cd5\u65b0\u8bba\u300b\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u6cd5\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2003.<\/p>\n

[28]\u00a0 \u76f8\u9a6c\u8fbe\u96c4\uff1a\u300a\u8bba\u65e5\u672c\u5de5\u4f1a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8bf8\u95ee\u9898\u300b\uff0c\u8f7d\u300a\u4e2d\u5916\u6cd5\u5b66\u300b\uff0c1996\uff083\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

[32] [35]\u00a0 W\u00b7\u675c\u8328\uff1a\u300a\u52b3\u52a8\u6cd5\u300b\uff08\u7b2c5\u7248\uff09\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u6cd5\u5f8b\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2003.<\/p>\n

[33]\u00a0 \u9ec4\u8d8a\u94a6\uff1a\u300a\u52b3\u52a8\u6cd5\u65b0\u8bba\u300b\uff08\u4fee\u8ba2\u4e09\u7248\uff09\uff0c\u53f0\u5317\uff1a\u7ff0\u5362\u56fe\u4e66\u51fa\u7248\u6709\u9650\u516c\u53f8\uff0c2006.<\/p>\n

[36]\u00a0 E\u00b7\u535a\u767b\u6d77\u9ed8\uff1a\u300a\u6cd5\u7406\u5b66\u2014\u2014\u6cd5\u54f2\u5b66\u53ca\u5176\u65b9\u6cd5\u300b\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u534e\u590f\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1987.<\/p>\n

\u2460\u5728\u65e5\u672c\u5baa\u6cd5\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c06\u516c\u6c11\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u7ed3\u793e\u6743\u4e0e\u52b3\u5de5\u7279\u6b8a\u57fa\u672c\u6743\u5206\u522b\u89c4\u5b9a\u3002\u5fb7\u56fd\u5baa\u6cd5\u4e2d\u5c06\u516c\u6c11\u4e00\u822c\u7ed3\u793e\u81ea\u7531\u548c\u52b3\u5de5\u7684\u540c\u76df\u81ea\u7531\u76f8\u533a\u5206\uff0c\u4f46\u5c06\u4e8c\u8005\u89c4\u5b9a\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u57fa\u672c\u6743\u5229\u6761\u6587\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u4e4b\u4f53\u7cfb\u5316\uff0c\u5373\u4e0e\u6761\u6587\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\u7406\u6e05\u7ed3\u793e\u81ea\u7531\u4e0e\u540c\u76df\u81ea\u7531\u4e8c\u8005\u95f4\u6307\u4e0a\u4e0b\u96b6\u5c5e\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4ee5\u7ed3\u793e\u81ea\u7531\u4e3a\u4e0a\u4f4d\u6982\u5ff5\u3001\u4e00\u822c\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u800c\u5c06\u540c\u76df\u81ea\u7531\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5176\u4e0b\u4f4d\u7c7b\u578b\u3001\u7279\u6b8a\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u53c2\u89c1\u9ec4\u7a0b\u8d2f\uff1a\u300a\u52b3\u52a8\u6cd5\u300b\uff08\u4fee\u8ba2\u518d\u7248\uff09\uff0c153\u9875-158\u9875\uff0c\u53f0\u5317\uff1a\u201c\u56fd\u7acb\u201d\u7a7a\u4e2d\u5927\u5b66\u5370\u884c\uff0c2001.<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u6c11\u5927\u5b66\u6cd5\u5b66\u9662\u00b7\u6797\u5609 \u8303\u56f4<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u4e00\u3001\u8c03\u6574\u6a21\u5f0f\u6982\u8ff0 \u6cd5\u5f8b\u8c03\u6574\u6a21\u5f0f\u662f\u6307\u6cd5\u5f8b\u8c03\u6574\u793e\u4f1a\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3001\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u800c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u8c03\u6574\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u6307\u5bf9\u793e\u4f1a\u5173\u7cfb\u65bd\u52a0\u6cd5 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":12632,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[28],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-405","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-wiki"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/start.shehuifa.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/405","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/start.shehuifa.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/start.shehuifa.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/start.shehuifa.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/start.shehuifa.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=405"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/start.shehuifa.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/405\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/start.shehuifa.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/12140"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/start.shehuifa.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=405"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/start.shehuifa.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=405"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/start.shehuifa.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=405"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}