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\u88f4\u5b9c\u7406 \uff08Elizabeth J.Perry\uff09\u5728\u300a\u4e0a\u6d77\u7f62\u5de5\u2014\u2014\u4e2d\u56fd\u5de5\u4eba\u653f\u6cbb\u7814\u7a76\u300b\uff08Shanghaion Strike \u2014The Politics of Chinese Labor \uff09\u4e00\u4e66\u5bfc\u8bba\u4e2d\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5bf9\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u4e49\u672a\u7adf\u4e8b\u4e1a\u7684\u56de\u5e94\uff0c\u5de5\u4eba\u95ee\u9898\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u5e38\u5e38\u88ab\u2018\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e0d\u2019\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u6240\u56f0\u6270\u2026\u2026\u201d\uff08\u88f4\u5b9c\u7406\uff0c2001\uff1a1\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u88f4\u5b9c\u7406\u4e5f\u662f \u5176\u4ed6\u201c\u5de5\u4eba\u95ee\u9898\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u201d\u6df1\u611f\u56f0\u60d1\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u53ea\u4e0d\u8fc7\u5979\u5728\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u90e8\u5206\u5730\u56de\u7b54\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n

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2.\u603b\u4f53\u6027\u5730\u4f4d\u53d7\u635f\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u7ed3\u679c\u2014\u2014\u96c6\u4f53\u884c\u52a8<\/p>\n

1979 \u5e74\u7684\u6539\u9769\u5f00\u653e\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5728\u89c2\u5ff5\u5c42\u9762\u4e0a\u52a8\u6447\u4e86\u5e73\u5747\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5f00\u542f\u4e86\u5236\u5ea6\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u53d8\u9769\uff1a\u519c\u6751\u572870\u548c80\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e4b\u4ea4\u5b9e\u65bd\u4e86\u5bb6\u5ead\u8054\u4ea7\u627f\u5305\u8d23\u4efb\u5236\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u57ce\u5e02\u4e8e90\u5e74\u4ee3 \u4e2d\u671f\u5f00\u59cb\u63a8\u5f00\u56fd\u6709\u4f01\u4e1a\u5236\u5ea6\u53d8\u9769\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u6539\u9769\u4ee5\u4ea7\u6743\u5236\u5ea6\u3001\u7ecf\u8425\u5236\u5ea6\u3001\u5de5\u8d44\u5236\u5ea6\u3001\u7528\u5de5\u5236\u5ea6\u3001\u4fdd\u969c\u5236\u5ea6\u7b49\u4e3a\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u4f01\u4e1a\u5236\u5ea6\u4f53\u7cfb\uff0c\u529b\u56fe\u5728\u56fd\u6709\u4f01\u4e1a\u4e2d\u5efa\u7acb\u73b0\u4ee3\u4f01\u4e1a\u5236 \u5ea6\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u63d0\u9ad8\u751f\u4ea7\u548c\u7ecf\u8425\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u5728\u5bf9\u5916\u5f00\u653e\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\u4fdd\u6709\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u7ade\u4e89\u529b\u4ee5\u5e94\u5bf9\u5168\u7403\u5316\u6d6a\u6f6e\u7684\u51b2\u51fb\u3002\u6bcb\u5eb8\u7f6e\u7591\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u5236\u5ea6\u53d8\u9769\u4f7f\u4f01\u4e1a\u590d\u5f52\u4e8e\u7eaf\u7cb9\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u4ece\u800c \u6781\u5927\u5730\u63d0\u5347\u4e86\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u56fd\u6709\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u6548\u7387\u548c\u6548\u80fd\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u53c8\u6df1\u523b\u5730\u53d8\u9769\u4e86\u4f01\u4e1a\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u548c\u6743\u529b\u683c\u5c40\u3002<\/p>\n

1990\u5e74\u4ee3\u4ee5\u6765\u7684\u9636\u7ea7\u9636\u5c42\u7814\u7a76\u3001\u5de5\u4eba \u7fa4\u4f53\u7814\u7a76\u3001\u4f01\u4e1a\u5236\u5ea6\u7814\u7a76\u2461\u7b49\u5927\u591a\u5448\u73b0\u4e86\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\uff0c\u5373\u5c06\u7ba1\u7406\u4eba\u5458\u548c\u751f\u4ea7\u5de5\u4eba\u4e24\u76f8\u6bd4\u8f83\uff0c\u4f01\u4e1a\u5236\u5ea6\u6539\u9769\u603b\u4f53\u4e0a\u66f4\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u524d\u8005\uff0c\u5728\u4f01\u4e1a\u4e8b\u52a1\u4e2d\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u65e0\u8bba\u5728\u6536\u5165\u5206\u914d \u65b9\u9762\u8fd8\u662f\u6743\u529b\u5206\u914d\u65b9\u9762\u90fd\u5904\u4e8e\u5931\u8bed\u7684\u5883\u5730\uff0c\u5de5\u4eba\u9636\u7ea7\u66fe\u7ecf\u5177\u6709\u7684\u201c\u4f01\u4e1a\u4e3b\u4eba\u201d\u751a\u81f3\u201c\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e3b\u4eba\u201d\u7684\u8363\u8000\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u6bb5\u5e76\u4e0d\u9065\u8fdc\u7684\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u666e\u901a\u5de5\u4eba\u6210\u4e3a\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\u7684\u5f31\u52bf\u7fa4\u4f53\uff0c \u7279\u522b\u662f\u5904\u4e8e\u4e0b\u5c97\u6216\u5931\u4e1a\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u4eba\u5458\uff0c\u5176\u751f\u6d3b\u5883\u9047\u66f4\u662f\u8270\u96be\u3002\u4ee5\u5317\u4eac\u5e02\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c2004\u5e74\u804c\u5de5\u5e73\u5747\u5de5\u8d44\u7ea6\u4e3a2362\u5143\uff0f\u6708\uff0c\u800c\u6700\u4f4e\u5de5\u8d44\u6807\u51c6\u7ea6\u4e3a545\u5143\uff0f\u6708\uff0c\u662f\u804c \u5de5\u5e73\u5747\u5de5\u8d44\u768423.1\uff05\uff0c\u5931\u4e1a\u4fdd\u9669\u91d1\u4ee5\u6700\u9ad8\u7f34\u8d39\u5e74\u9650\u2014\u201420\u5e74\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e3a419\u5143\uff0f\u6708\uff08\u4ece\u7b2c13\u4e2a\u6708\u8d77\u5219\u7edf\u4e00\u4e3a326\u5143\uff0f\u6708\uff09\uff0c\u662f\u804c\u5de5\u5e73\u5747\u5de5\u8d44\u768413.8\uff05\uff0c \u4e0d\u8db3\u4e94\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u603b\u4f53\u6027\u5730\u4f4d\u53d7\u635f\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5de5\u4eba\u7684\u6297\u8bae\u884c\u52a8\u5f00\u59cb\u51fa\u73b0\u5e76\u5448\u589e\u52a0\u7684\u8d8b\u52bf\u3002\u636e\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u4e00\u9879\u7edf\u8ba1\uff0c1995\u5e74\u53c2\u52a0\u8fd9\u79cd\u6297\u8bae\u793a\u5a01\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u4eba\u6570\u8d85\u8fc7 110\u4e07\uff0c\u6ce2\u53ca\u5230\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\u670930\u591a\u4e2a\uff1b1998\u5e74\uff0c\u53c2\u52a0\u8fd9\u79cd\u793a\u5a01\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u5de5\u4eba\u4eba\u6570\u5219\u4e0a\u5347\u5230360\u4e07\u3002\uff08\u9648\u5cf0\uff0c2005\uff09\u6b63\u662f\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u80cc\u666f\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u88f4\u5b9c\u7406\u7b49\u5b66\u8005\u63d0\u51fa \u7684\u95ee\u9898\u5728\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u4ecd\u7136\u6709\u5176\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u53ea\u4e0d\u8fc7\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\u70b9\u5c06\u8f6c\u5411\u5de5\u4eba\u5728\u4ec0\u4e48\u60c5\u51b5\u4e4b\u4e0b\u4f1a\u91c7\u53d6\u96c6\u4f53\u884c\u52a8\uff1f\u4f1a\u5229\u7528\u4ec0\u4e48\u6837\u7684\u624b\u6bb5\u5c55\u5f00\u96c6\u4f53\u884c\u52a8\uff1f<\/p>\n

\u5de5\u4eba\u7684\u6297\u8bae\u6027\u96c6\u4f53\u884c\u52a8\u53cd\u6620\u51fa\u793e\u4f1a\u77db\u76fe\u4e43\u81f3\u793e\u4f1a\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u6df1\u5165\u8ba4\u8bc6\u8fd9\u7c7b\u96c6\u4f53\u884c\u52a8\u5185\u5728\u903b\u8f91\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u6027\u5341\u5206\u7a81\u51fa\uff0c\u5b83\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u5728\u5b66\u672f\u4e0a\u62d3\u5c55\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u89e3\u91ca\u3001\u5728\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\u5efa\u7acb\u6709\u5173\u7684\u9884\u8b66\u673a\u5236\u3002\u6cb3\u5357\u7701Z \u5e02Z \u5382\u5de5\u4eba\u56e0\u5de5\u5382\u517c\u5e76\u4e8b\u4ef6\u800c\u5c55\u5f00\u7684\u96c6\u4f53\u884c\u52a8\uff0c\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u957f\u65f6\u6bb5\u7684\u6848\u4f8b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e8c\u3001\u4e2a\u6848\u4e8b\u4ef6\u56de\u6eaf<\/p>\n

Z \u5e02Z \u5382\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e74\u4ea75\u4e07\u5428\u591a\u79cd\u9ad8\u7ea7\u6587\u5316\u53ca\u5de5\u4e1a\u7528\u7eb8\u7684\u4e2d\u578b\u56fd\u8425\u4f01\u4e1a\u2462\uff0c\u521b\u5efa\u4e8e1958\u5e74\uff0c\u6709\u804c\u5de5860\u4f59\u540d\uff08\u5728\u804c\u4eba\u5458680\u4f59\u540d\uff0c\u9000\u4f11\u4eba\u5458170\u4f59\u540d\uff09\uff0c\u5382\u533a\u5360\u5730 \u8d85\u8fc769000\u5e73\u65b9\u7c73\uff0c\u5382\u623f\u5efa\u7b5120000\u5e73\u65b9\u7c73\uff0c\u67097\u6761\u5168\u90e8\u673a\u68b0\u5316\u7684\u6d41\u6c34\u4f5c\u4e1a\u751f\u4ea7\u7ebf\u548c1\u6761\u94c1\u8def\u4e13\u7528\u7ebf\uff0c\u81f31988\u5e74\u768430\u5e74\u95f4\uff0c\u751f\u4ea7\u4e0d\u65ad\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u5e74\u5e74\u5b8c\u6210 \u56fd\u5bb6\u4e0b\u8fbe\u7684\u5404\u9879\u8ba1\u5212\uff0c\u804c\u5de5\u7684\u5de5\u8d44\u6536\u5165\u548c\u533b\u7597\u3001\u517b\u8001\u7b49\u9879\u798f\u5229\u90fd\u6709\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u4fdd\u969c\u30021988\u5e74\u4f01\u4e1a\u9664\u4e0a\u7f34\u7a0e\u6b3e100\u591a\u4e07\u3001\u5229\u6da6200\u591a\u4e07\u5143\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u5e93\u5b58\u4ef7\u503c100 \u591a\u4e07\u5143\u5404\u79cd\u673a\u68b0\u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u96f6\u914d\u4ef6\u548c\u7ef4\u4fee\u5de5\u5177\u4ee5\u53ca\u539f\u6599\u6728\u6d46400\u591a\u5428\u3002\u5382\u5185\u4e0d\u6b20\u804c\u5de5\u8d44\u8d39\uff0c\u5382\u5916\u4e0d\u6b20\u94f6\u884c\u8d37\u6b3e\uff0c\u5168\u5382\u57fa\u672c\u6ca1\u6709\u503a\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n

1989\u5e74\u540e\uff0c\u7531 \u4e8e\u79cd\u79cd\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u4f01\u4e1a\u5f00\u59cb\u4e8f\u635f\u3002\u8fd9\u671f\u95f4\u4e0a\u4efb\u76843\u4efb\u5382\u957f\u90fd\u6ca1\u80fd\u626d\u8f6c\u5de5\u5382\u8870\u8d25\u7684\u5c40\u9762\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u5e93\u5b58\u7269\u8d44\u4ee5\u53ca8\u8f86\u6c7d\u8f66\u88ab\u53d8\u5356\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u524d\u540e\u6b20\u4e0b\u94f6\u884c\u503a\u52a1\u8fbe2000\u4f59\u4e07\u5143\u3002\u5230 1995\u5e744\u6708\uff0cZ \u5382\u88ab\u5217\u5165Z \u5e02\u73af\u4fdd\u6cbb\u7406\u91cd\u70b9\u5355\u4f4d\u505c\u4ea7\u6cbb\u7406\uff0c\u5de5\u4eba\u7684\u5de5\u8d44\u4e5f\u56e0\u6b64\u505c\u53d1\uff0c\u4e3a\u83b7\u5f97\u57fa\u672c\u751f\u6d3b\u4fdd\u969c\u7684\u4e0a\u8bbf\u3001\u7533\u8bc9\u96f6\u661f\u5730\u6301\u7eed\u52302000\u5e74\u751a\u81f3\u4ee5\u540e\u3002<\/p>\n

1996 \u5e747\u6708\uff0c\u7b2c4\u4f4d\u5382\u957fC \u4e0a\u4efb\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4e0d\u4e4f\u626d\u8f6c\u5de5\u5382\u56f0\u96be\u5c40\u9762\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u2463\uff0c\u4f46C \u4f3c\u4e4e\u6ca1\u6709\u91c7\u53d6\u6062\u590d\u751f\u4ea7\u7684\u79ef\u6781\u4e3e\u52a8\uff0c\u76f8\u53cd\u5f00\u59cb\u8c0b\u5212\u51fa\u552e\u5de5\u5382\u7684\u571f\u5730\u30021997\u5e746\u6708\uff0cC \u51fa\u552e\u5efa\u6709\u6210\u54c1\u4ed3\u5e93\u571f\u5730\u7684\u6d88\u606f\u4f20\u51fa\uff0c\u5927\u6279\u5de5\u4eba\u805a\u96c6\u5230\u5de5\u5382\u8868\u793a\u53cd\u5bf9\uff0cZ \u5e02\u4e00\u8f7b\u5c40W \u5c40\u957f\u5230\u573a\u5ba3\u5e03\uff0c\u5356\u5730\u5fc5\u987b\u7ecf\u8fc7\u804c\u4ee3\u4f1a\u540c\u610f\u65b9\u53ef\u8fdb\u884c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u98ce\u6ce2\u65b9\u544a\u5e73\u606f\u30021996\u5e749\u6708\uff0c\u4e00\u5bb6\u96b6\u5c5e\u4e8e\u6cb3\u5357\u7701\u653f\u5e9c\u53e3\u5cb8\u529e\u516c\u5ba4\u7684F \u516c\u53f8\u8868\u793a\u6709\u610f\u517c\u5e76Z \u5382\uff0c\u8be5\u516c\u53f8\u5148\u662f\u81ea\u79f0\u56fd\u6709\u4f01\u4e1a\u540e\u53c8\u6539\u79f0\u56fd\u6709\u63a7\u80a1\u4f01\u4e1a\uff0cF \u516c\u53f8\u4e8e1997\u5e7410\u67086\u65e5\u5411Z \u5382\u63d0\u4ea4\u4e86\u300a\u517c\u5e76\u53ef\u884c\u6027\u62a5\u544a\u300b\uff0c\u968f\u540e\u4e8e1997\u5e7411\u670815\u65e5\u5411\u53e3\u5cb8\u529e\u516c\u5ba4\u63d0\u51fa\u300a\u517c\u5e76\u7533\u8bf7\u4e66\u300b\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5929\u5373\u83b7\u5f97\u53e3\u5cb8\u529e\u516c\u5ba4\u201c\u540c\u610f\u517c\u5e76\u201d\u7684\u6279\u590d\uff0c\u5176\u901f\u5ea6\u4e4b\u5feb \u4e0d\u540c\u5bfb\u5e38\u3002<\/p>\n

1997\u5e7411\u670826\u65e5\uff0cZ \u5382\u53ec\u5f00\u4e86\u7b2c\u516d\u5c4a\u804c\u5de5\u4ee3\u8868\u5927\u4f1a\u7b2c\u4e09\u6b21\u4f1a\u8bae\uff0c\u8ba8\u8bba\u9009\u62e9\u63a5\u53d7F \u516c\u53f8\u4e0e\u53e6\u59163\u5bb6\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u517c\u5e76\u4e8b\u5b9c\u3002F \u516c\u53f8\u5728\u4f1a\u4e0a\u5ba3\u8bfb\u4e86\u300a\u517c\u5e76\u53ef\u884c\u6027\u62a5\u544a\u300b\uff0c\u4ee5\u4f18\u539a\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u8d62\u5f97\u4e86\u804c\u5de5\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u8ba4\u53ef\uff0c\u7ecf\u8868\u51b3\uff0c55\u4f4d\u804c\u5de5\u4ee3\u8868\u4e00\u81f4\u901a\u8fc7\uff0c\u63a5\u53d7F\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u517c\u5e76\u65b9\u6848\u3002C \u5382\u957f\u5f53\u5373\u4e0eF \u516c\u53f8\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u7b7e\u7f72\u4e86\u300a\u517c\u5e76\u534f\u8bae\u4e66\u300b\uff0c\u5e76\u5199\u597d\u4e86Z \u5382\u7ed9Z \u5e02\u4e00\u7ecf\u5c40\u7684\u300a\u88ab\u517c\u5e76\u7533\u8bf7\u4e66\u300b\u30021998\u5e748\u670824\u65e5\uff0cZ \u5e02\u653f\u5e9c\u4e0b\u53d1\u51b3\u5b9a\uff0c\u540c\u610f\u517c\u5e76\u3002\u7ecf\u8bc4\u4f30\uff0cZ \u5382\u603b\u8d44\u4ea7\u4e3a8830\u4e07\u5143\uff0c\u603b\u8d1f\u503a\u4e3a5940\u4e07\u5143\uff0c\u8d1f\u503a\u7387\u4e3a67.2\uff05\uff0c\u51c0\u8d44\u4ea7\u4e3a2890\u4e07\u5143\uff0c\u5728\u517c\u5e76\u534f\u8bae\u751f\u6548\u4e4b\u540e\u88ab\u5212\u5f52F \u516c\u53f8\u6240\u6709\uff0cZ \u5382\u5219\u6210\u4e3aF\u516c\u53f8\u7eb8\u4e1a\u5206\u516c\u53f8\uff0cC \u5382\u957f\u5f53\u4e0a\u4e86F \u516c\u53f8\u7684\u603b\u7ecf\u7406\uff0c\u6708\u5de5\u8d44\u57282800\u5143\u5de6\u53f3\uff0c\u4ed6\u6307\u6d3e\u7684\u7eb8\u4e1a\u5206\u516c\u53f8\u7ecf\u7406\u7684\u6708\u5de5\u8d44\u5219\u57281800\u5143\u5de6\u53f3\u3002\u6b64\u540e\uff0cZ \u7eb8\u4e1a\u5206\u516c\u53f8\u4ece\u4e8b\u4e863\u9879\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u7ecf\u8425\u6d3b\u52a8\uff1a\u4e00\u662f\u628a\u9020\u7eb8\u5382\u768434.4\u4ea9\u571f\u5730\u7ed9\u4e86\u94f6\u884c\u4f5c\u62b5\u62bc\uff0c\u7b97\u4f5c\u201c\u6e05\u507f\u503a\u52a1\u201d\uff1b\u4e8c\u662f\u628a\u9020\u7eb8\u5382\u7684\u8f66\u3001\u94b3\u3001\u5228\u3001\u94e3\u7b49\u4e3b\u8981\u751f\u4ea7\u3001\u7ef4\u4fee\u548c \u52a0\u5de5\u8bbe\u5907\u52a0\u4ee5\u53d8\u5356\uff0c\u7b97\u4f5c\u201c\u76d8\u6d3b\u8d44\u4ea7\u201d\uff1b\u4e09\u662f\u628a\u9020\u7eb8\u5382\u7684\u4e09\u4e2a\u8f66\u95f4\uff08\u4e09\u6761\u751f\u4ea7\u7ebf\uff09\u51fa\u79df\u7ed9\u79c1\u4eba\u9020\u7eb8\uff0c\u7b97\u4f5c\u201c\u641e\u6d3b\u7ecf\u8425\u201d\u3002\u5168\u5382800\u591a\u540d\u804c\u5de5\uff0c\u9664\u53bb\u88ab\u627f\u79df\u8f66\u95f4\u8001\u677f \u62db\u53bb\u6253\u5de5\u7684\u4ee5\u5916\uff0c\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u4f9d\u7136\u4e0b\u5c97\u5728\u5bb6\uff0c\u4e0e\u517c\u5e76\u524d\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u5dee\u4e0d\u591a\uff0c\u6279\u6b21\u4e0d\u540c\u3001\u6570\u989d\u4e0d\u7b49\uff08100\u81f3170\u5143\uff09\u5730\u65ad\u7eed\u9886\u53d6\u8fc7\u751f\u6d3b\u8865\u52a9\u8d39\u3002<\/p>\n

1999 \u5e748\u6708\uff0cF \u516c\u53f8\u540c\u65f6\u51fa\u53f0\u4e86\u4e24\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u662f\u300a\u5173\u4e8e\u516c\u53f8\u6218\u7565\u65b9\u9488\u5b9e\u65bd\u610f\u89c1\u300b\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u662f\u300a\u5173\u4e8e\u52a0\u5f3a\u52b3\u52a8\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u5b9e\u65bd\u610f\u89c1\u300b\uff0c\u524d\u8005\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u5185\u5bb9\u662f\u201c\u5bf9\u6574\u4e2a\u5382\u533a\u8fdb\u884c\u5168\u9762\u5f00\u53d1\uff0c\u5f62 \u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u96c6\u4f4f\u5b85\u5c0f\u533a\u3001\u9910\u996e\u3001\u670d\u52a1\u3001\u5a31\u4e50\u4e3a\u4e00\u4f53\u7684\u7efc\u5408\u670d\u52a1\u533a\u201d\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5185\u5bb9\u201c\u7b2c\u4e00\u662f\u53d6\u6d88\uff08\u518d\uff09\u5c31\u4e1a\uff08\u670d\u52a1\uff09\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u53d6\u6d88\u5185\u90e8\u52b3\u52a8\u5408\u540c\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e8c\u662f\u5206\u5e74\u9f84\u6bb5\u8ba9\u804c\u5de5 \u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u9009\u62e9\u516c\u53f8\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u5c31\u4e1a\u53ca\u5b89\u7f6e\u65b9\u6cd5\u201d\u2464\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u4e24\u4e2a\u610f\u89c1\u4e0e\u517c\u5e76\u4e4b\u521dF \u516c\u53f8\u7684\u627f\u8bfa\u53ca\u5de5\u5382\u804c\u5de5\u7684\u9884\u671f\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u5dee\u8ddd\uff0c\u804c\u5de5\u666e\u904d\u8868\u793a\u4e0d\u6ee1\uff0c\u9042\u5728\u539f\u804c\u4ee3\u4f1a\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e0b\u5f00\u5c55\u201c\u53cd\u517c\u5e76\u6b3a\u8bc8\uff0c\u6551\u5382\u62a4\u5bb6\u56ed\u201d\u7684\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u804c\u5de5\u81ea\u4e3b\u9009\u62e9\u5de5\u5382\u51fa \u8def\u4ee5\u53ca\u68c0\u5bdf\u673a\u5173\u67e5\u5904\u517c\u5e76\u5de5\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u8fdd\u6cd5\u884c\u4e3a\u201d\u7684\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u4f46\u672a\u80fd\u83b7\u5f97\u79ef\u6781\u7684\u56de\u5e94\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u5de5\u4eba\u4ee5\u628a\u4f4f\u5de5\u5382\u5927\u95e8\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u8868\u793a\u81ea\u5df1\u638c\u63e1\u5de5\u5382\u4ea7\u6743\u7684\u8d44\u683c\u548c\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n

1999 \u5e7410\u670828\u65e5\uff0c\u5728\u5de5\u4eba\u4e00\u5468\u5de6\u53f3\u8c61\u5f81\u6027\u5360\u9886\u5de5\u5382\u884c\u52a8\u7684\u538b\u529b\u4f5c\u7528\u4e0b\uff0cF \u516c\u53f8C \u603b\u7ecf\u7406\u53ec\u96c6Z \u7eb8\u4e1a\u5206\u516c\u53f8\u7279\u522b\u804c\u4ee3\u4f1a\uff0c\u8bd5\u56fe\u8bf4\u670d\u804c\u4ee3\u4f1a\u4ee3\u8868\u8868\u6001\u652f\u6301\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4e24\u4e2a\u201c\u610f\u89c1\u201d\uff0c\u5728\u8ba8\u8bba\u65e0\u6cd5\u8fbe\u6210\u5171\u8bc6\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0cC \u603b\u7ecf\u7406\u8868\u793a\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c31\u517c\u5e76\u4e8b\u5b9c\u91cd\u65b0\u8868\u51b3\u3002\u7ed3\u679c\u5728\u51fa\u5e2d\u7279\u522b\u804c\u4ee3\u4f1a\u768455\u540d\u4ee3\u8868\u4e2d\uff0c\u670950\u540d\u804c\u4ee3\u4f1a\u4ee3\u8868\u8d5e\u540c\u4e0eF \u516c\u53f8\u8131\u94a9\uff0c\u8131\u79bb\u517c\u5e76\uff0c\u8d5e\u6210\u7ef4\u6301\u517c\u5e76\u5c40\u9762\u76845\u4eba\u636e\u79f0\u9664C \u603b\u7ecf\u7406\u4e4b\u5916\u5747\u4e3aZ \u7eb8\u4e1a\u5206\u516c\u53f8\u5e72\u90e8\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5177\u6709\u8c61\u5f81\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u5c4a\u804c\u5de5\u4ee3\u8868\u5927\u4f1a\u53c8\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c1999\u5e7410\u670828\u65e5\u804c\u4ee3\u4f1a\u201d\u3002\u6b64\u540e\uff0cZ \u5e02\u653f\u5e9c\u59d4\u6d3e\u4e3b\u7ba1\u5e02\u7ecf\u8d38\u59d4\u5305\u62ec\u4f01\u4e1a\u517c\u5e76\u65b9\u9762\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\u79d8\u4e66\u957fL \uff0c\u5e26\u98866\u4eba\u5de5\u4f5c\u7ec4\u8fdb\u9a7bZ \u516c\u53f8\u5c55\u5f00\u8c03\u67e5\uff0cL \u8ba4\u5b9aF \u516c\u53f8\u65e0\u8fdd\u6cd5\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5\u201c\u6539\u9769\u4e0d\u8d70\u56de\u5934\u8def\u201d\u4e3a\u7406\u7531\uff0c\u8981\u6c42Z \u516c\u53f8\u804c\u5de5\u7ee7\u7eed\u8d2f\u5f7b\u517c\u5e76\u51b3\u8bae\uff0c\u81f4\u4f7f1999\u5e7410\u670828\u65e5\u7684\u8131\u79bb\u517c\u5e76\u51b3\u8bae\u672a\u80fd\u4ed8\u8bf8\u5b9e\u884c\u3002\u4e8e\u662f\uff0c\u201c1999\u5e7410\u670828\u65e5\u804c\u4ee3\u4f1a\u201d\u4ee3\u8868\u9020\u7eb8\u5382\u5de5\u4eba\u6536\u56de\u4e86\u9020\u7eb8\u5382 \u7684\u571f\u5730\u8bc1\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5230\u5e02\u653f\u5e9c\u4e0a\u8bbf\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u5f97\u5230\u653f\u5e9c\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u4f46\u88ab\u6709\u5173\u90e8\u95e8\u4ee5\u540c\u6837\u7684\u201c\u6539\u9769\u4e0d\u80fd\u8d70\u56de\u5934\u8def\u201d\u4e3a\u7531\u62d2\u7edd\u3002<\/p>\n

2000\u5e746\u67087 \u65e5\uff0c\u201c1999\u5e7410\u670828\u65e5\u804c\u4ee3\u4f1a\u201d\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5c55\u5f00\u201c\u6267\u884c\u804c\u4ee3\u4f1a\u51b3\u8bae\uff0c\u6536\u5382\u6536\u6743\u201d\u7684\u884c\u52a8\uff0c\u5360\u9886\u4e86\u9020\u7eb8\u5382\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06F \u516c\u53f8\u8fdb\u9a7bZ \u5382\u7684\u4eba\u5458\u5168\u90e8\u8d76\u51fa\u5de5\u5382\u30028\u67088\u65e5\uff0c\u6570\u767e\u540d\u516c\u5b89\u548c\u6b66\u8b66\u88ab\u8c03\u96c6\u8fdb\u5165Z \u5382\uff0c\u89e3\u9664\u4e86Z \u5382\u804c\u5de5\u7684\u5360\u9886\uff0c\u4fdd\u62a4F\u516c\u53f8\u4eceZ \u5382\u5382\u533a\u64a4\u8d70\u6863\u6848\uff0c\u201c\u6536\u5382\u6536\u6743\u201d\u884c\u52a8\u968f\u4e4b\u7ec8\u6b62\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u524d\u201c1999\u5e7410\u670828\u65e5\u804c\u4ee3\u4f1a\u201d\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u6210\u5458\u3001Z \u5382\u539f\u526f\u603b\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08LJQ \u88ab\u516c\u5b89\u673a\u5173\u62d8\u6355\u3002<\/p>\n

\u540c \u5e749\u6708\uff0cZ \u5e02\u653f\u5e9c\u518d\u6b21\u6d3e\u5de5\u4f5c\u7ec4\u8fdb\u5165Z \u5382\uff0c\u968f\u540e\u7531Z \u5e02\u603b\u5de5\u4f1a\u4e3b\u5e2d\u53ec\u5f00\u5168\u5382\u804c\u5de5\u5927\u4f1a\uff0c\u9009\u51fa\u65b0\u4e00\u5c4a\u804c\u5de5\u4ee3\u8868\u4e0e\u5de5\u4f1a\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u5927\u4f1a\uff0c\u5176\u4eba\u5458\u6784\u6210\u4e0e\u201c1999\u5e7410\u670828\u65e5\u804c\u4ee3\u4f1a\u201d\u76f8\u8fd1\uff0c\u5e76\u7531\u5de5\u4f1a\u884c\u4f7f\u7ba1\u7406\u6743\uff0c\u6682\u65f6\u7ba1\u7406 \u5de5\u5382\u4e8b\u52a1\uff0cLJQ \u88ab\u804c\u4ee3\u4f1a\u7f3a\u5e2d\u9009\u51659\u4eba\u8463\u4e8b\u4f1a\u30022001\u5e741\u67087\u65e5\uff0c\u5728\u65b0\u4e00\u5c4a\u804c\u5de5\u4ee3\u8868\u5927\u4f1a\u548c\u5de5\u4f1a\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u4e0b\uff0cZ \u5382\u4e0eF \u516c\u53f8\u8fbe\u6210\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u89e3\u9664\u517c\u5e76\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u53cc\u65b9\u6b63\u5f0f\u8131\u94a9\u3002<\/p>\n

2001\u5e742\u670813\u65e5\uff0cZ \u5e02ZY\u533a\u6cd5\u9662\u5f00\u5ead\u5ba1\u7406LJQ \u6848\u4ef6\uff0c\u516c\u8bc9\u4eba\u8bc9\u5176\u4e0d\u6ee1F \u516c\u53f8\u517c\u5e76Z \u5382\uff0c\u81ea\u7ec4\u201c1999\u5e7410\u670828\u65e5\u804c\u4ee3\u4f1a\u201d\uff0c\u5e72\u6270\u4f01\u4e1a\u751f\u4ea7\u548c\u7ecf\u8425\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u9020\u62109\u4e07\u4f59\u5143\u76f4\u63a5\u7ecf\u6d4e\u635f\u5931\uff0c\u6784\u6210\u805a\u4f17\u6270\u4e71\u793e\u4f1a\u79e9\u5e8f\u7f6a\u3002\u540c\u5e745\u670823\u65e5\uff0cLJQ \u88ab\u53d6\u4fdd\u5019\u5ba1\uff0c\u4f46\u8be5\u6848\u6b64\u540e\u518d\u672a\u91cd\u5ba1\u3002<\/p>\n

2003\u5e747\u6708\uff0cZ \u5382\u6210\u7acb\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b9e\u4f53\u2014\u2014CM\u516c\u53f8\u53ca\u5176\u8463\u4e8b\u4f1a\uff0c\u51c6\u5907\u63a5\u53d7\u539fZ \u5382\u7684\u8d44\u4ea7\u548c\u503a\u52a1\uff0c\u91cd\u65b0\u5f00\u5c55\u751f\u4ea7\u30022004\u5e741\u6708\uff0cCM\u516c\u53f8\u8463\u4e8b\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0e\u653f\u5e9c\u548cF\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u8c08\u5224\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u5c06\u539fZ \u5382\u7684\u8d44\u4ea7\u4eceF \u516c\u53f8\u8fc7\u6237\u5230CM\u516c\u53f8\uff0c\u91cd\u65b0\u5f00\u59cb\u751f\u4ea7\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u5bf9Z \u5382\u5de5\u4eba\u96c6\u4f53\u884c\u52a8\u505a\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u5386\u65f6\u6027\u626b\u63cf\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u6211\u4eec\u8f6c\u5165\u6982\u8981\u7684\u5206\u6790\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e09\u3001\u96c6\u4f53\u884c\u52a8\u7684\u52a8\u56e0\u2014\u2014\u751f\u5b58\u8d44\u6e90\u5265\u593a<\/p>\n

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YXL \u2465\uff1a\u54b1\u603b\u7684\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u54b1\u8fd8\u662f\u7231\u7956\u56fd\u3001\u7231\u653f\u7b56\u2014\u2014\u56fd\u5bb6\u5b9a\u7684\u4e00\u5207\u653f\u7b56\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u8fd9\u53cd\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8d2a\u6c61\u554a\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u662f\u2014\u2014\uff0c\u53cd\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u2014\u2014\uff0c\u54b1\u4e0d\u662f\u2014\u2014\u3002\u54b1\u8fd9\u771f\u662f\uff0c\u4e5f\u5403\u82e6\u4e5f\u5403\u7684\u4e0d\u5c11\u4e86\uff0c\u8fc7\u53bb\u4e5f\u662f\u82e6\u65e5\u5b50\u8fc7\u6765\u7684\uff0c\u5e72\u5565\u90fd\u60f3\u8282\u7ea6\u4e00\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8bbf\uff1a\u4f60\u8bf4\u6539\u9769\u5f00\u653e\u597d\uff0c\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u8981\u662f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4eba\u8fd9\u4e48\u641e\u4e0b\u53bb\uff0c\u54b1\u4eec\u5c31\u597d\u4e0d\u4e86\uff1f<\/p>\n

CSF \u2466\uff1a\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6211\u8bf4\u5462\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u597d\u9886\u5bfc\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u771f\u6b63\u4e3a\u4eba\u6c11\u670d\u52a1\u7684\uff0c\u771f\u5fc3\u60f3\u529e\u6cd5\u628a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u804c\u5de5\u2026\u2026\u8fd9\u4e2a\u2026\u2026\u3002\u54b1\u4eec\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5382\u7684\u5de5\u4eba\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5de5\u4eba\u80fd\u6709\u7897\u996d\u5403\uff0c\u5c31\u4e2d\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e0d\u5bf9\uff1f\u54b1\u4eec\u4e5f\u4e0d\u8981\u6c42\u592a\u9ad8\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5ba2 \u89c2\u8bf4\u6765\uff0c\u5de5\u4eba\u5e76\u975e\u4e0d\u60f3\u91cd\u65b0\u83b7\u5f97\u66f4\u4e3a\u4f18\u8d8a\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5730\u4f4d\u548c\u751f\u6d3b\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u8f6c\u578b\u671f\u91cc\u603b\u4f53\u6027\u5730\u4f4d\u53d7\u635f\u7684\u60c5\u5f62\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u751f\u4ea7\u5de5\u4eba\u7531\u4e8e\u793e\u4f1a\u8d44\u672c\u7684\u532e\u4e4f\u2014\u2014\u5173\u7cfb\u7f51\u7edc\u72ed\u7a84\u3001\u6587\u5316 \u6c34\u5e73\u4e0d\u9ad8\u3001\u5e74\u9f84\u4f18\u52bf\u4e0d\u8db3\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u8ffd\u6c42\u76ee\u6807\u53ea\u80fd\u5c40\u9650\u4e8e\u83b7\u53d6\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u751f\u5b58\u8d44\u6e90\u4ee5\u4fdd\u969c\u81ea\u5df1\u548c\u5bb6\u5ead\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u751f\u6d3b\u3002\u4f46\u5f53\u751f\u5b58\u8d44\u6e90\u5265\u593a\u8fbe\u5230\u5371\u53ca\u5de5\u4eba\u53ca\u5176\u5bb6\u5ead\u7684\u5b58\u7eed\u7684\u7a0b \u5ea6\u65f6\uff0c\u5de5\u4eba\u5728\u4e25\u91cd\u632b\u6298\u611f\u7684\u9a71\u52a8\u4e0b\u4fbf\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u91c7\u53d6\u96c6\u4f53\u6027\u7684\u6297\u4e89\u884c\u52a8\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u533a\u5206\u51fa\u4e24\u7c7b\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u751f\u5b58\u8d44\u6e90\u2014\u2014\u8017\u635f\u6027\u751f\u5b58\u8d44\u6e90\u548c\u4ea7\u51fa\u6027\u751f \u5b58\u8d44\u6e90\uff1a\u524d\u8005\u6307\u79f0\u76f4\u63a5\u7528\u4e8e\u652f\u4ed8\u5de5\u4eba\u672c\u4eba\u53ca\u5176\u5bb6\u5ead\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u90e8\u5206\u5f00\u652f\u7684\u73b0\u91d1\u6216\u5f25\u8865\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u90e8\u5206\u7528\u5ea6\u7684\u5b9e\u7269\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u540e\u5373\u4e0d\u53ef\u518d\u751f\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u53ea\u5177\u6709\u5373\u65f6\u6027\u529f\u7528\uff0c\u901a \u5e38\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5176\u4ed6\u624b\u6bb5\u6216\u65b9\u5f0f\u52a0\u4ee5\u586b\u5145\u6216\u5f25\u8865\uff0c\u5982\u4e0b\u5c97\u804c\u5de5\u57fa\u672c\u751f\u6d3b\u8d39\u3001\u4f01\u4e1a\u56f0\u96be\u804c\u5de5\u8865\u52a9\u3001\u8857\u9053\u56f0\u96be\u6237\u6551\u6d4e\u7b49\u73b0\u91d1\u6216\u5b9e\u7269\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u5236\u5ea6\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6216\u76d1\u63a7\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff0c \u5b83\u4eec\u8981\u4e48\u6570\u989d\u4e0d\u5927\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u4e0d\u662f\u89c4\u5f8b\u6027\u53d1\u653e\uff0c\u5de5\u4eba\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u4e00\u822c\u90fd\u901a\u8fc7\u6253\u96f6\u5de5\u3001\u505a\u5c0f\u4e70\u5356\u7b49\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u8d5a\u53d6\u7ef4\u6301\u81ea\u5df1\u6216\u5bb6\u5ead\u5168\u90e8\u4fdd\u969c\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u6536\u5165\uff1b\u540e\u8005\u6307\u79f0\u4e3a\u5de5\u4eba\u5171\u540c \u62e5\u6709\u7684\u3001\u6784\u6210\u5de5\u4eba\u6240\u5728\u751f\u4ea7\u5355\u4f4d\u8fdb\u884c\u751f\u4ea7\u548c\u518d\u751f\u4ea7\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u8d44\u4ea7\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5382\u623f\u3001\u673a\u5668\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u571f\u5730\u7b49\u4e0d\u52a8\u4ea7\uff0c\u4e00\u5b9a\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5305\u62ec\u81ea\u6709\u8d44\u91d1\u3001\u8d37\u6b3e\u3001\u501f\u6b3e\u7b49\u52a8\u4ea7\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u901a \u5e38\u65e0\u6cd5\u901a\u8fc7\u5176\u4ed6\u624b\u6bb5\u6216\u65b9\u5f0f\u52a0\u4ee5\u586b\u5145\u6216\u5f25\u8865\uff0c\u6b63\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u7c7b\u8d44\u6e90\u5728\u5de5\u5382\u7684\u8fd0\u8f6c\u548c\u5ef6\u7eed\u8fdb\u800c\u5728\u5de5\u4eba\u7684\u751f\u5b58\u548c\u53d1\u5c55\u65b9\u9762\u6301\u7eed\u5730\u53d1\u6325\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5177\u6709\u5ef6\u5c55\u6027\u529f\u7528\uff0c\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u4e3a\u5de5 \u5382\u548c\u5de5\u4eba\u63d0\u4f9b\u518d\u751f\u4ea7\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u4e5f\u56e0\u6b64\u800c\u5728\u5de5\u4eba\u5fc3\u76ee\u4e2d\u5177\u6709\u4e86\u6781\u7aef\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4eceZ \u5382\u7684\u4e2a\u6848\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d1\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e24\u7c7b\u751f\u5b58\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u5265\u593a\u5bf9\u5de5\u4eba\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u548c\u884c\u4e3a\u5bfc\u5411\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n

1.\u8017\u635f\u6027\u751f\u5b58\u8d44\u6e90\u5265\u593a\u4e0e\u4e0d\u516c\u6b63\u611f<\/p>\n

Z \u5382\u804c\u5de5\u6240\u906d\u53d7\u7684\u8017\u635f\u6027\u751f\u5b58\u8d44\u6e90\u5265\u593a\u96c6\u4e2d\u8868\u73b0\u5728\u57fa\u672c\u751f\u6d3b\u8d39\u7684\u62d6\u6b20\u4e0a\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba11995\u5e74Z \u5e02\u6cd5\u5b9a\u4e0b\u5c97\u804c\u5de5\u57fa\u672c\u751f\u6d3b\u8d39\u662f140\u5143\uff0f\u6708\uff0c\u800c\u517c\u5e76\u534f\u8bae\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\u5374\u4ec5\u6709100\u5143\uff0c\u4f46F \u516c\u53f8\u8fde\u8fd9\u4e00\u5fae\u8584\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u8d39\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u8db3\u989d\u548c\u6309\u65f6\u53d1\u653e\uff1a\u4ece1997\u5e7411\u6708\u81f31999\u5e74\u5e95\uff0c\u53ea\u53d1\u653e\u4e86\u4e09\u6b21\u751f\u6d3b\u8d39\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u7adf\u53c8\u9057\u6f0f\u4e8650\u540d\u5de5\u4eba\u2467\u3002<\/p>\n

WAY \u2468\uff1a\u7edf\u7b79\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u4ea4\uff0c\u62d6\u6b20\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u5151\u73b0\u2026\u2026<\/p>\n

GAR \u2469\uff1a\u2026\u2026\u62d6\u6b20\u7684\u5de5\u8d44\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u517c\u5e76\u7684\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u6709\u7275\u626f\u5230\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u6b20\u5927\u5bb6\u751f\u6d3b\u8d39\uff0c\u4ed6\u53ea\u53d1\u4e86\u4e09\u6b21\u5427\uff0c\u4ffa\u4eec\u7684\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u5230\u73b0\u5728\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u7ed9\uff0c\u4ed6\u5f53\u65f6\u627f\u8bfa\uff0c\u62a5\u9500\u836f\u8d39\uff0c\u62a5\u9500\u5565\u7684\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u628a\u836f\u6761\u90fd\u6536\u8d70\u4e86\uff0c\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u7ed9\u62a5\u9500\u2026\u2026<\/p>\n

WAY \uff1a\u62a5\u836f\u6761\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u62a5\u9500\uff0c\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u7ed9\u4ffa\u4eec\u2026\u2026\u8fd9\u90fd\u662f\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u517c\u5e76\u534f\u8bae\u91cc\u7b7e\u7684\u6709\u554a\uff0c\u53d1\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5382\u6b20\u5de5\u4eba\u7684\u5de5\u8d44\uff0c\u4ed6\u7edf\u7edf\u6ca1\u6709\u5151\u73b0\uff0c\u628a\u5de5\u4eba\u7684\u5de5\u8d44\u7ed9\u4f60\u8865\u9f50\uff0c\u533b\u836f\u8d39\u7ed9\u4f60\u62a5\u62a5\u2026\u2026<\/p>\n

\u8fd9 \u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0cF \u516c\u53f8\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u6ca1\u6709\u4fe1\u5b88\u5f53\u521d\u5728\u517c\u5e76Z \u5382\u524d\u505a\u51fa\u7684\u53d1\u653e\u751f\u6d3b\u8d39\u3001\u62a5\u6548\u533b\u836f\u8d39\u7684\u627f\u8bfa\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u9879\u76ee\u5e94\u5f53\u662f\u5de5\u4eba\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u4e0a\u4e86\u4e00\u5b9a\u5e74\u9f84\u7684\u5de5\u4eba\u6240\u6025\u9700\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u548c\u5065\u5eb7\u4fdd\u969c\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u5176\u62d6\u6b20\u548c\u514b\u6263\u5fc5\u7136\u5f15\u8d77\u5de5\u4eba\u5f3a\u70c8\u7684 \u53cd\u5bf9\u3002\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5982\u6b64\uff0cF \u516c\u53f8\u627f\u8bfa\u517c\u5e76\u540e\u7ed9\u5168\u4f53\u804c\u5de5\u529e\u7406\u793e\u4f1a\u7edf\u7b79\u3001\u517b\u8001\u4fdd\u9669\u3001\u533b\u7597\u4fdd\u9669\u7b49\u6709\u5173\u4e8b\u9879\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u6309\u7167\u534f\u8bae\u5b9e\u65bd\u3002\u5982F \u516c\u53f8\u672c\u5e94\u4e3a\u804c\u5de5\u7f34\u7eb3200\u4e07\u5143\u793e\u4f1a\u7edf\u7b79\uff0c\u4f46\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u53ea\u4ea4\u4e8640\u4e07\u5143\uff0c\u8fd8\u6b20160\u4e07\u5143\uff0c\u517b\u8001\u4fdd\u9669\u548c\u533b\u7597\u4fdd\u9669\u5219\u6839\u672c\u6ca1\u6709\u7f34\u7eb3\u3002\u5176\u5b9e\uff0cZ \u5382\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8d44\u4ea7\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u6536\u5165\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u4e0d\u80fd\u5b8c\u5168\u6ee1\u8db3\u4fdd\u969c\u804c\u5de5\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u9700\u8981\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u81f3\u4e8e\u8ba9\u804c\u5de5\u9677\u5165\u7edd\u6536\u7684\u56f0\u96be\u5883\u5730\u3002\u636e\u8d44\u6599\u8bb0\u8f7d\u3001F \u516c\u53f8\u5728\u517c\u5e76Z \u5382\u540e\u4f9d\u9760\u51fa\u79dfZ \u5382\u9020\u7eb8\u751f\u4ea7\u7ebf\u3001\u95e8\u9762\u623f\u548c\u80fd\u6e90\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u79df\u91d1\u6bcf\u6708\u5c31\u670913\u4e07\u5143\uff0811\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5f53Z \u5382\u5de5\u4eba\u53d1\u73b0\u81ea\u5df1\u4e0b\u5c97\u540e\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u5904\u4e8e\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u79cd\u56f0\u96be\u5883\u5730\u800c\u5176\u4ed6\u4e00\u4e9b\u793e\u4f1a\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u5374\u5904\u4e8e\u622a\u7136\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u5728\u632b\u6298\u611f\u4ea7\u751f\u4e4b\u540e\u548c\u5bf9\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\u72b6\u6001\u539f\u56e0\u7684\u601d\u8003\uff0c\u52a0\u6df1\u4e86\u5de5\u4eba\u7684\u4e0d\u516c\u6b63\u611f\u6216\u4e0d\u516c\u5e73\u611f\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u4ea7\u751f\u6b63\u6765\u6e90\u4e8e\u5bf9\u4ee5\u57fa\u672c\u9700\u6c42\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u5206\u914d\u516c\u6b63\u7684\u5f3a\u70c8\u6e34\u6c42\uff0812\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

LJQ \uff0813\uff09\uff1a\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c31\u611f\u89c9\u5230\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e8b\u60c5\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u554a\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u3001\u8fd9\u79cd\u6124\u6124\u4e0d\u5e73\uff0c\u5f00\u59cb\u89c9\u609f\u8d77\u6765\u2014\u2014\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u5b50\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u73b0\u5728\u8fd9\u51e0\u5e74\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u611f\u89c9\u5230\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u51e0\u5e74\u4e22\u4e86\u5de5\u5382\u4e86\uff0c\u5de5\u4eba\u4eec\u90fd\u6210\u4e86\u8d44\u672c\u5bb6\u5e95\u4e0b\u7684\u96c7\u4f63\u5de5\u4eba\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8fc7\u53bb\u90a3\u79cd\u7a33\u5b9a\u3001\u5b89\u5b9a\u7684\u8fd9\u4e2a\u3001\u8fd9\u79cd\u3001\u8fd9\u79cd\u80cc\u666f\u5df2\u7ecf\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\u2026\u2026\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fd9 \u91cc\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u987b\u5f15\u7528\u5f88\u5c11\u51e0\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\u4ee5\u53ca\u5de5\u4eba\u7684\u5173\u5207\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b8c\u5168\u4f53\u4f1a\u5230\uff0c\u4ee5LJQ\u4e3a\u7a81\u51fa\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u5de5\u4eba\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u53ca\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u6001\u5ea6\u9a71\u4f7f\u4e0b\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u30022000\u5e74\u524d\u540eZ \u5e02\u4f01\u4e1a\u5728\u5c97\u804c\u5de5\u6708\u5e73\u5747\u5de5\u8d44\u7ea6\u4e3a1000\u5143\uff0c\u63a5\u8fd1Z \u5382\u4e0b\u5c97\u5de5\u4eba\u6708\u57fa\u672c\u751f\u6d3b\u8d39\u768410\u500d\uff1b\u539fZ \u5382\u5382\u957f\u3001\u73b0F \u516c\u53f8\u603b\u7ecf\u7406C \u7684\u6708\u5de5\u8d44\u4e3a2800\u5143\uff0cZ \u7eb8\u4e1a\u5206\u516c\u53f8\u7ecf\u7406\u7684\u6708\u5de5\u8d44\u4e5f\u8fbe1800\u5143\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u662f\u540c\u671fZ \u5382\u4e0b\u5c97\u5de5\u4eba\u6708\u57fa\u672c\u751f\u6d3b\u8d39\u768428\u500d\u548c18\u500d\u3002\u8fd8\u6709\u5de5\u5382\u517c\u5e76\u524d\u540e\u7ba1\u7406\u9636\u5c42\u7684\u8425\u79c1\u821e\u5f0a\u884c\u4e3a\uff0814\uff09\u3002\u53ef\u89c1\uff0c\u5de5\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u516c\u6b63\u89c2\u662f\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u7eb5\u6a2a\u5411\u5bf9\u6bd4\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u7684\uff0c\u539f\u6709\u4f18 \u8d8a\u793e\u4f1a\u5730\u4f4d\u548c\u7a33\u56fa\u751f\u6d3b\u4fdd\u969c\u7684\u4e27\u5931\u3001\u73b0\u5b9e\u6bd4\u8f83\u52a3\u52bf\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u51f8\u73b0\u4ee5\u53ca\u7ba1\u7406\u9636\u5c42\u7684\u4ee5\u6743\u8c0b\u79c1\u5f3a\u5316\u4e86\u5de5\u4eba\u7684\u4e0d\u516c\u6b63\u611f\uff0c\u518d\u52a0\u4e0a\u5de5\u4eba\u4eec40\u591a\u5e74\u8ba1\u5212\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4f53\u5236\u5185\u7684\u4e3b\u4eba\u7fc1\u89c2\u5ff5 \u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u516c\u6b63\u89c2\u5ff5\u7684\u5851\u9020\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5c31\u4e0d\u96be\u89e3\u91ca\u5de5\u4eba\u5bf9\u4e8e\u73b0\u5b9e\u6536\u5165\u5206\u914d\u4e43\u81f3\u518d\u5206\u914d\u7684\u4e0d\u516c\u6b63\u6027\u7684\u5224\u65ad\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5728\u6b64\u57fa\u7840\u4e4b\u4e0a\u505a\u51fa\u7684\u7f6e\u7591\u548c\u53cd\u6297\u3002<\/p>\n

2.\u4ea7\u51fa\u6027\u751f\u5b58\u8d44\u6e90\u5265\u593a\u4e0e\u4e0d\u5b89\u5168\u611f<\/p>\n

\u5728\u73b0\u5b9e\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u5904\u4e8e\u76f8\u540c\u751a\u81f3\u66f4\u52a0\u4e25\u9177\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u56f0\u5883\u4e4b\u4e2d\u7684\u5de5\u4eba\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u9009\u62e9\u516c\u5f00\u7684\u96c6\u4f53\u6297\u4e89\u884c\u52a8\uff0c\u5b83\u4ece\u53cd\u9762\u8bf4\u660e\u4e86\u5de5\u4eba\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6839\u672c\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u4fdd\u969c\u548c\u804c\u4e1a\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u91cd\u89c6\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u79cd\u751f\u6d3b\u4fdd\u969c\u548c\u804c\u4e1a\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u6839\u672c\u6765\u6e90\u5c31\u662f\u4ea7\u51fa\u6027\u751f\u5b58\u8d44\u6e90\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6309 \u7167\u517c\u5e76\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0cF \u516c\u53f8\u5e94\u5f53\u5728Z \u7eb8\u4e1a\u5206\u516c\u53f8\u6210\u7acb\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u6ce8\u5165\u6d41\u52a8\u8d44\u91d1\uff0c\u5efa\u8bbe\u65b0\u5382\u623f\uff0c\u8d2d\u4e70\u65b0\u8bbe\u5907\uff0c\u5efa\u4fdd\u7a0e\u4ed3\u5e93\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u91cd\u65b0\u5b89\u7f6e\u804c\u5de5\u4e0a\u5c97\u3001\u6062\u590d\u751f\u4ea7\u5e76\u6295\u4ea7\u65b0\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u3002\u8fd9\u5e94\u5f53\u8bf4\u662f\u5de5\u4eba\u5f53\u521d\u63a5\u53d7\u517c \u5e76\u3001\u5fcd\u53d7\u4e0d\u516c\u6b63\u5f85\u9047\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u76ee\u524d\u7684\u673a\u5668\u8bbe\u5907\u3001\u5382\u623f\u6750\u6599\u867d\u7136\u90e8\u5206\u95f2\u7f6e\u3001\u90e8\u5206\u88ab\u51fa\u79df\u7ed9\u4e86\u4e2a\u4f53\u8001\u677f\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5e76\u4e0d\u6784\u6210\u5de5\u4eba\u73b0\u5b9e\u7684\u751f\u5b58\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u4f46\u53ea\u8981\u5de5\u5382\u8fd8\u5728\uff0c\u53ea\u8981 \u5de5\u4eba\u8fd8\u4fdd\u7559\u6709\u4e0e\u5de5\u5382\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u5408\u540c\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c31\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u62e5\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u4fdd\u969c\u7684\u672a\u6765\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u5de5\u5382\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7269\u5316\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7b26\u53f7\u8c61\u5f81\uff0c\u662f\u5de5\u4eba\u5168\u90e8\u5b89\u5168\u611f\u7684\u6700\u7ec8\u6e90 \u6cc9\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8bbf\uff1a\u90a3\u4e48\u4f60\u4eec\u5e0c\u671b\u4ec0\u4e48\u5462\uff1f\u5e0c\u671b\uff0c\u60a8\u770b\uff0c\u6211\u8bf4\u5927\u6982\u6709\u51e0\u4e2a\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\uff1f\u662f\u5e0c\u671b\u5230\u65b0\u7684\u5382\u623f\u53bb\u4e0a\u73ed\uff1f\u8fd8\u662f\u5e0c\u671b\u4e70\u65ad\u5de5\u9f84\uff0c\u4f60\u7ed9\u6211\u51e0\u4e07\u5757\u94b1\uff0c\u54b1\u4eec\u7b97\u5b8c\uff1f\u8fd8\u662f\u5e0c\u671b\u6211\u63d0\u524d\u9000\u4f11\uff0c\u4f60\u53d1\u7ed9\u6211\u751f\u6d3b\u8d39\uff1f\u5230\u5e95\u5de5\u4eba\u90fd\u5e0c\u671b\u4ec0\u4e48\u5462\uff1f<\/p>\n

HFQ \uff0815\uff09\uff1a\u5de5\u4eba\u7684\u671f\u671b\u5e76\u4e0d\u9ad8\uff0c\u5de5\u4eba\u7684\u671f\u671b\u5c31\u662f\u4fdd\u4f4f\u54b1\u4eec\u8fd9\u4e00\u7247\u571f\u5730\uff0c\u91cd\u65b0\u6062\u590d\u751f\u4ea7\u2026\u2026<\/p>\n

YXL \uff1a\u53eb\u4ed6\u6267\u884c\u534f\u8bae\u2026\u2026<\/p>\n

HFQ \uff1a\u55ef\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u4ed6\u534f\u8bae\u5199\u7684\u7279\u522b\u597d\uff0c\u4f60\u8981\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u771f\u7684\u8981\u662f\u4e0d\u8131\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\uff0c\u4f60\u8981\u6267\u884c\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u4f60\u8981\u662f\u8131\u4e86\uff0c\u4f60\u5c31\u628a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5382\u8fd8\u662f\u8fd8\u7ed9\u4ffa\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\uff0c\u5de5\u4eba\u7684\u5e0c\u671b\u4e5f\u2026\u2026\uff0c\u4ed6\u8c61\u4ed6\u8bb8\u613f\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u4e9b\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u518d\u6295\uff0c\u4e00\u4e0b\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u518d\u6295\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8bbf\uff1a\u5c31\u662f\u6062\u590d\u751f\u4ea7\uff1f<\/p>\n

HFQ \uff1a\u55ef\u3002<\/p>\n

YXL \uff1a\u90fd\u4e0d\u76f8\u4fe1\uff0c\u90fd\u4e0d\u76f8\u4fe1\u4e86\u3002\u4f60\u5c65\u884c\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u5de5\u4eba\u7684\u6700\u8d77\u7801\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u5e02\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u2026\u2026\u53eb\u4ed6\u5c65\u884c\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u751f\u4ea7\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u4e24\u9879\u3002<\/p>\n

HFQ \uff1a\u4f60\u534f\u8bae\u662f\u53d7\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4fdd\u62a4\u7684\u554a\uff0c<\/p>\n

YXL \uff1a\u4f60\u6709\u554a\uff0c\u4f60\u4e0d\u662f\u8bf4\u2026\u2026<\/p>\n

\u8bbf\uff1a\u5f53\u521d\u7684\u534f\u8bae\u4e0a\u4ed6\u662f\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\u8fd9\u4e00\u5757\u8fd8\u662f\u7ee7\u7eed\u9020\u7eb8\u7684\uff1f<\/p>\n

HFQ \uff1a\u90a3\u534f\u8bae\u4e0a\u8bf4\u7684\u662f\u6269\u5927\u518d\u751f\u4ea7\u3002<\/p>\n

\u53ef\u89c1\uff0c\u5de5\u4eba\u5e76\u975e\u6ca1\u6709\u5bf9\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u6e34\u671b\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u5de5\u4eba\u4eec\u5ff5\u5ff5\u4e0d\u5fd8\u7684\u201c\u6269\u5927\u518d\u751f\u4ea7\u201d\uff0c\u53ea\u4e0d\u8fc7\u5728\u5c61\u906d\u73b0\u5b9e\u6253\u51fb\u7684\u60c5\u5f62\u4e0b\uff0c\u53d1\u5c55\u7406\u6027\u9010\u6e10\u8ba9\u4f4d\u4e8e\u751f\u5b58\u7406\u6027\uff0c\u800c\u5f53\u751f\u5b58\u7406\u6027\u4e5f\u906d\u9047\u5230\u73b0\u5b9e\u7684\u6311\u6218\u2014\u2014\u4f01\u4e1a\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u7684\u6b3a\u8bc8\u3001\u653f\u7b56\u7ea6\u675f\u7684\u65e0\u529b\u2014\u2014\u4e4b\u65f6\uff0c\u5de5\u4eba\u6700\u540e\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u5c31\u53ea\u80fd\u662f\u4ee5\u5177\u4f53\u884c\u52a8\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u7684\u4e3b\u52a8\u6297\u4e89\u3002<\/p>\n

ZSL \uff0816\uff09\uff1a\u540e\u6765\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u5934\u4e00\u6363\u9f13\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\u8981\u63a8\u8350\u7ecf\u7406\u4e86\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u6765\u7ba1\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e8b\uff0c\u5382\u91cc\u8fd9\u5757\u5730\u2026\u2026\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\u5de5\u4eba\u4e0b\u5c97\u5de5\u8d44\u5462\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\u6700\u4f4e\u751f\u6d3b\u8d39\u4ed6\u4e5f\u4e0d\u7ed9\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u5c31\u662f\u5de5\u4eba\u8bf4\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4ed6\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u5356\u571f\u5730\u7684\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u53d8\u76f8\u7684\u5356\u571f\u5730\u8ddf\u4eba\u5bb6\u5408\u8d44\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u5de5\u4eba\u4e0d\u613f\u610f\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u8bf4\u77db\u76fe\u6fc0\u53d1\u5c31\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5176 \u5b9e\uff0c\u4e70\u65ad\u5de5\u9f84\u3001\u63d0\u524d\u9000\u4f11\u751a\u81f3\u529e\u7406\u75c5\u9000\u90fd\u662f\u4e0d\u5c11\u5730\u533a\u4f01\u4e1a\u8f6c\u5236\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5374\u5f88\u660e\u663e\u5730\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u5728\u83b7\u5f97\u773c\u524d\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u5229\u76ca\u4e0e\u957f\u8fdc\u7684\u751f\u5b58\u4fdd\u969c\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0cZ \u5382\u5de5\u4eba\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u9009\u62e9\u2014\u2014\u5bf9\u201c\u8001\u65e0\u4eba\u6240\u517b\u201d\u7684\u9632\u8303\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u79cd\u9009\u62e9\u4e0e\u5f53\u521dF \u516c\u53f8\u5728\u201c\u517c\u5e76\u534f\u8bae\u201d\u4e2d\u7684\u627f\u8bfa\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5de5\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\u653f\u5e9c\u7406\u5e94\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u76d1\u7ba1\u662f\u5bc6\u4e0d\u53ef\u5206\u3002<\/p>\n

ZSL \uff1a\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e00\u76f4\u8bf4\u8981\u628a\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u571f\u5730\u8981\u5356\uff0c\u4f60\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u4f60\u518d\u8fdf\u8fdf\u4e0d\u89e3\u51b3\uff0c\u5c31\u7ed9\u4f60\u8bf4\u7684\u90a3\u6837\uff0c\u4ed6\u8981\u4e07\u4e00\u7ed9\u5b83\u5356\u4e86\u548b\u5f04\uff1f\u5de5\u4eba\u8ddf\u4f60\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u662f\u8001\u65e0\u4eba\u6240\u517b\uff0c\u518d\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fd9 \u4e2a\u662f\u56fd\u5bb6\u8d22\u4ea7\uff0c\u5c5e\u4e8e\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u8d22\u4ea7\uff0c\u5c5e\u4e8e\u56fd\u8d44\u554a\uff0c\u4f60\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u4fb5\u541e\u554a\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5de5\u4eba\u5c31\u4e00\u81f4\u4e0d\u7b54\u5e94\u3002\u4e0d\u7b54\u5e94\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u53bb\u5e02\u59d4\u4e86\uff0c\u5230\u4e86\u90a3\u4e2a\u63a5\u5f85\u529e\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5de5\u4eba\u7684\u62c5\u5fe7\u5e76\u975e\u675e\u4eba\u5fe7\u5929\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u62c5\u5fe7\u7684\u6839\u6e90\u4e43\u81f3\u884c\u52a8\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u89e6\u53d1\u70b9\u5c31\u662f1999\u5e74F \u516c\u53f8\u8bd5\u56fe\u5b9e\u65bd\u7684\u4e24\u9879\u4f01\u4e1a\u7ecf\u8425\u6218\u7565\u2014\u2014\u300a\u5173\u4e8e\u516c\u53f8\u6218\u7565\u65b9\u9488\u5b9e\u65bd\u610f\u89c1\u300b\u548c\u300a\u5173\u4e8e\u52a0\u5f3a\u52b3\u52a8\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u5b9e\u65bd\u610f\u89c1\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u300a\u5173\u4e8e\u516c\u53f8\u6218\u7565\u65b9\u9488\u5b9e\u65bd\u610f\u89c1\u300b\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u5185\u5bb9\u662f\u201c\u5bf9\u6574\u4e2a\u5382\u533a\u8fdb\u884c\u5168\u9762\u5f00\u53d1\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u96c6\u4f4f\u5b85\u5c0f\u533a\u3001\u9910\u996e\u3001\u670d\u52a1\u3001\u5a31\u4e50\u4e3a\u4e00\u4f53\u7684\u7efc\u5408\u670d\u52a1\u533a\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u6309\u7167\u5de5\u4eba\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u5c31\u662f\u5356\u5730\u8f6c\u4ea7\u3002<\/p>\n

WAY \uff1a\u770b\u4ed6\u7684\u52a8\u673a\u4e0d\u7eaf\uff0c\u5de5\u4eba\u90fd\u770b\u51fa\u6765\u7684\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c31\u662f\u60f3\u5356\u5730\uff0c\u5565\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u3002<\/p>\n

GAR \uff1a\u4ed6\u5c31\u662f\u60f3\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u6401\u5728\u5356\u5730\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c31\u662f\u641e\u623f\u5730\u4ea7\u5462\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c31\u662f\u5356\u3001\u5356\uff0c\u628a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5382\u5356\u7a7a\u4e86\uff0c\u90a3\u548b\u529e\u5462\uff1f\u90a3\u4f60\u548b\u529e\uff1f<\/p>\n

WAY \uff1a\u4ed6\u5730\u76ae\u5356\u4e86\u4e86\uff0c\u4ed6\u5377\u7740\u94b1\u8d70\u4e86\uff0c\u4f60\u627e\u8c01\u5462\uff1f\u2026\u2026<\/p>\n

GAR \uff1a\u5173\u952e\u662f\u4ed6\u60f3\u5356\u5730\u3002\u2026\u2026\u3002\u54e6\uff0c\u4f60\u628a\u5730\u5356\u4e86\uff0c\u90a3\u6211\u4ee5\u540e\u751f\u5b58\u548b\u529e\uff1f\u2026\u2026\u6211\u8fd8\u5f97\u4f9d\u9760\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5382\uff0c\u7236\u6bcd\u90fd\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5382\uff0c\u6211\u4e5f\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5382\uff0c\u6211\u8981\u4e3a\u957f\u8fdc\u8003\u8651\u2026\u2026\u3002<\/p>\n

\u300a\u5173 \u4e8e\u52a0\u5f3a\u52b3\u52a8\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u5b9e\u65bd\u610f\u89c1\u300b\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5185\u5bb9\u201c\u7b2c\u4e00\u662f\u53d6\u6d88\uff08\u518d\uff09\u5c31\u4e1a\uff08\u670d\u52a1\uff09\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u53d6\u6d88\u5185\u90e8\u52b3\u52a8\u5408\u540c\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e8c\u662f\u5206\u5e74\u9f84\u6bb5\u8ba9\u804c\u5de5\u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u9009\u62e9\u516c\u53f8\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u5c31\u4e1a\u53ca\u5b89\u7f6e\u65b9 \u6cd5\u201d\uff0c\u6309\u7167\u5de5\u4eba\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u5c31\u662f\u8981\u7529\u6389\u5305\u88b1\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5c06\u5e74\u9f84\u572840\u5c81\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u5de5\u4eba\u63a8\u5411\u793e\u4f1a\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5de5\u4eba\u6b63\u662fZ \u5382\u7684\u4e3b\u4f53\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u4eba\u529b\u8d44\u672c\u6700\u4e3a\u8584\u5f31\u56e0\u800c\u5728\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u5e02\u573a\u4e0a\u5904\u4e8e\u76f8\u5bf9\u52a3\u52bf\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u4eba\u7fa4\uff0c\u5176\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u6fc0\u70c8\u6bcb\u987b\u89e3\u8bf4\u3002<\/p>\n

HFQ \uff1a\u55ef\u3002\u2026\u2026\u8fd9\u4e2a\u662f\u5f00\u53d1\u751f\u6d3b\u5c0f\u533a\u2026\u2026\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u2026\u2026\u8fd8\u6709\u90a3\u4e2a\u804c\u5de5\u5206\u6bb5\u7684\uff0c\u90a3\u4e2a\u627e\u4e0d\u5230\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8bbf\uff1a\u54e6\uff0c\u5206\u6210\u5e74\u9f84\uff0c40\u5c81\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u505a\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f<\/p>\n

HFQ \uff1a40\u5c81\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u5427\uff0c\u4ed6\u8bf4\u4e86\u662f\u2026\u2026\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u54e6\uff0c40\u5c81\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u8ddf\u5382\u91cc\u7b7e\u8ba2\u5408\u540c\uff0c40\u5c81\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\uff0c\u60f3\u5e72\u7684\u662f\u6309\u7167\u90a3\u4e2a\u4e34\u65f6\u5de5\u7684\u5f85\u9047\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u539f\u6587\u4e0d\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u3002<\/p>\n

HFQ \uff1a\u5168\u5382\u516c\u5e03\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8bbf\uff1a\u5b8c\u4e86\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u5927\u5bb6\u5c31\u4e0d\u5e72\u4e86\uff1f<\/p>\n

HFQ \uff1a\u5509\uff0c\u621140\u5c81\u4e86\uff0c\u7ed9\u6211\u5f00\u9664\u4e86\uff0c\u6211\u5565\u4e5f\u522b\u8981\u4e86\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u90fd\u4e0d\u7b97\u4e86\uff0c\u6211\u4f1a\u5e72\u5417\uff1f\u6240\u4ee5\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u5f15\u8d77\u7684\u77db\u76fe\u3002<\/p>\n

\u65e0\u8bba\u5de5\u4eba\u5bf9\u4e8eF \u516c\u53f8\u51b3\u7b56\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u662f\u5426\u51c6\u786e\u3001\u662f\u5426\u5168\u9762\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e00\u89e3\u8bfb\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u7ed3\u679c\u5374\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u79cd\u8ba4\u8bc6\u7684\u5ba2\u89c2\u5f62\u6210\uff0c\u5373\u4fdd\u6301\u4e0e\u5de5\u5382\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u4ece\u800c\u7ef4\u6301\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u804c\u4e1a\u5b89\u5168\u548c\u751f\u6d3b\u4fdd\u969c\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u7ebf\u5e0c\u671b\u4e0d\u590d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5de5\u4eba\u7531\u6b64\u751f\u53d1\u51fa\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u4e0d\u5b89\u5168\u611f\uff0c\u5b83\u6700\u7ec8\u5c06\u5de5\u4eba\u63a8\u5411\u4e86\u91c7\u53d6\u6297\u4e89\u6027\u96c6\u4f53\u884c\u52a8\u7684\u9053\u8def\u4e4b\u4e0a\u3002<\/p>\n

\u56db\u3001\u96c6\u4f53\u884c\u52a8\u7684\u624b\u6bb5\u2014\u2014\u4f20\u7edf\u4f53\u5236\u4f9d\u8d56<\/p>\n

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1.\u5bf9\u4f20\u7edf\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u8c03\u7528\u2014\u2014\u201c\u804c\u4ee3\u4f1a\u201d\u673a\u6784<\/p>\n

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YXL \uff1a\u5565\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\uff0c\u771f\u662f\u4e0a\u65e0\u5929\u3001\u4e0b\u65e0\u5730\u554a\uff01<\/p>\n

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LJQ \uff1a\u4ece\u5927\u9053\u7406\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u662f\u5427\uff0c\u539f\u59cb\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u5230\u5974\u96b6\u793e\u4f1a\u3001\u5c01\u5efa\u793e\u4f1a\u3001\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u793e\u4f1a\uff0c\u8fc7\u6e21\u5230\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u793e\u4f1a\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u6587\u660e\u7684\u8fdb\u6b65\uff0c\u771f\u7684\u8981\u4ece\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u3001\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u521d\u7ea7\u9636\u6bb5 \u53c8\u62d0\u8fc7\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u6587\u660e\u7684\u5012\u9000\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u6587\u660e\u7684\u5012\u9000\u3002\u8d22\u4ea7\u4ece\u516c\u6709\u53c8\u53d8\u6210\u79c1\u6709\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0d\u662f\u6587\u660e\u7684\u5012\u9000\uff1f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5012\u9000\u4ece\u539f\u5219\u4e0a\u6765\u8bf4\u4e0d\u4f1a\u662f\u4e2a\u597d\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u4f60\uff0c\u8fd9\u5f53\u7136\u662f\u773c\u4e0b\u7684\u4e00 \u70b9\u5229\u76ca\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6700\u7ec8\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u9020\u6210\u65b0\u7684\uff08\u5229\u76ca\u635f\u5931\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

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1.\u89e3\u91ca\uff1a\u751f\u5b58\u578b\u7406\u6027\u884c\u52a8<\/p>\n

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2.\u53cd\u601d\uff1a\u56fd\u5bb6\u2014\u793e\u4f1a\u7406\u8bba<\/p>\n

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[1]\u9648\u5cf0\uff1a\u300a\u4e0b\u5c97\u5de5\u4eba\u7684\u6297\u8bae\u4e0e\u9053\u4e49\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u71d5\u5357\u7f51\u300b\uff08http:\/\/www.yannan.cn\/\uff092005.<\/p>\n

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[3]\u5218\u7231\u7389\uff1a\u300a\u56fd\u6709\u4f01\u4e1a\u5236\u5ea6\u53d8\u9769\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5de5\u4eba\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u9009\u62e9\u2014\u2014\u4e00\u9879\u5173\u4e8e\u65e0\u96c6\u4f53\u884c\u52a8\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u7814\u7a76\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u300b2003\u5e74\u7b2c6\u671f\u3002<\/p>\n

[4]\u9ea6\u91d1\u592a\u5c14\uff0cA.\uff1a\u300a\u5fb7\u6027\u4e4b\u540e\u300b\uff0c\u9f9a\u7fa4\u7b49\u8bd1\uff0c\u3014\u5317\u4eac\u3015\u4e2d\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e1995\u5e74\u7248\u3002<\/p>\n

[5]\u7c73\u52d2\uff0cD.\uff1a\u300a\u793e\u4f1a\u6b63\u4e49\u539f\u5219\u300b\uff0c\u5e94\u5947\u8bd1\uff0c\u3014\u5357\u4eac\u3015\u6c5f\u82cf\u4eba\u6c11\u51fa\u7248\u793e2001\u5e74\u7248\u3002<\/p>\n

[6]\u65af\u79d1\u7279\u3001\u8a79\u59c6\u65af\u3002C.\uff1a\u300a\u519c\u6c11\u7684\u9053\u4e49\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\uff1a\u4e1c\u5357\u4e9a\u7684\u53cd\u53db\u4e0e\u751f\u5b58\u300b\uff0c\u7a0b\u7acb\u663e\u7b49\u8bd1\uff0c\u3014\u5357\u4eac\u3015\u8bd1\u6797\u51fa\u7248\u793e2001\u5e74\u7248\u3002<\/p>\n

[7]\u90b9\u50a5\uff1a\u300a\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u6cbb\u300b\uff0c\u3014\u9999\u6e2f\u3015\u725b\u6d25\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e1994\u5e74\u7248\u3002<\/p>\n

[8]Bian\uff0cYanjie John R.Logan \uff0c1996\uff0c\u201cMarket Transition andthe Persistence of Power\uff1aThe Changing Stratification System in UrbanChina.\u201dAmerican Sociological Review 61.<\/p>\n

[9]Lee \uff0cChing Kwan \uff0c1998\uff0c\u201cThe Labour Politics of Market Socialism\uff1aCollective Inaction and Class Experiences among State Workers in GuangZhou.\u201dModern China\uff0cVolume 24\uff0cIssue 1\uff08Jan.\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

[10]Ni \uff0cChing Ching\uff0c2002\uff0c\u201cChina’s Booming Economy Laggingbehind Persistent Unemployment.\u201dThe Los Angeles Times \uff0cMay 2.<\/p>\n

[11]Rocca\uff0cJean-Louis \uff0c<\/p>\n

[12]Scott\uff0cJames C.\uff0c1985\uff0cWeapons of the Weak\uff1aEveryday Formsof Peasant Resistance.New Haven\uff1aYale University Press.<\/p>\n

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