{"id":4680,"date":"2015-10-18T22:40:01","date_gmt":"2015-09-12T14:40:01","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/ideochina.com\/?p=7"},"modified":"2025-11-13T14:50:07","modified_gmt":"2025-11-13T06:50:07","slug":"%e9%bb%84%e5%ae%97%e6%99%ba%ef%bc%9a%e6%88%91%e4%bb%ac%e8%a6%81%e5%81%9a%e4%bb%80%e4%b9%88%e6%a0%b7%e7%9a%84%e5%ad%a6%e6%9c%af%ef%bc%9f-%e5%9b%bd%e5%86%85%e5%8d%81%e5%b9%b4%e6%95%99","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/start.shehuifa.com\/?p=4680","title":{"rendered":"\u9ec4\u5b97\u667a\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u505a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6837\u7684\u5b66\u672f\uff1f\u2014\u2014\u56fd\u5185\u5341\u5e74\u6559\u5b66\u56de\u987e"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Abstract\uff1a This essay is a reflection on the author’s decade-long experience of teaching and writing in China. A simple discussion will be given, first to the two predominant theories of the present time, i.e., neoliberalism and postmodernism, and then to the two less predominant theories, i.e., Marxism and substantialism. The author’s focus is not so much on historical study as on the utility of scholarship. The central issue to be addressed is, how should we, in the given circumstances, deal with theory and what kind of scholarship should we engage ourselves with? The essay is based on the author’s personal experiences in scholarly practice.<\/p>\n

Keywords\uff1aneoliberalism, postmodernism, Marxism, substantialism, future development<\/p>\n

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\u7a76\u5176\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u662f\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u65b0\u4fdd\u5b88\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u987e\u540d\u601d\u4e49\uff0c\u4e43\u662f\u4fdd\u5b88\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u662f\u65b0\u53e4\u5178\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u53cd\u5bf9\u7f8e\u56fd\u4ece\u4e0a\u4e16\u7eaa30\u5e74\u4ee3\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5927\u8427\u6761\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a \u5e72\u9884\u5e02\u573a\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u6f6e\u6d41\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u79f0\u4f5c\u201c\u4fdd\u5b88\u201d\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\uff0c\u5b83\u4e3b\u8981\u6765\u81ea\u4fdd\u5b88\uff08\u53f3\u6d3e\uff09\u7684\u5171\u548c\u515a\u7684\u53f3\u7ffc\uff0c\u9488\u5bf9\u7684\u662f\u6c11\u4e3b\u515a\u8fc7\u5206\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u5e72\u9884\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u65b0\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u5219\u4e0d \u540c\uff0c\u5b83\u4f34\u968f\u201c\u6539\u9769\u201d\u548c\u201c\u601d\u60f3\u89e3\u653e\u201d\u800c\u751f\uff0c\u662f\u9488\u5bf9\u8fc7\u53bb\u9ad8\u5ea6\u5b98\u50da\u5316\u8ba1\u5212\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u53cd\u52a8\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u66f4\u5177\u65b0\u9896\u6027\u548c\u6d3b\u529b\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u539f\u56e0\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\uff08\u867d\u7136\uff0c\u5b83\u4eca\u5929\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6 \u4e0a\u5df2\u7ecf\u4ece\u4e0a\u4e16\u7eaa\u516b\u4e5d\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u98a0\u8986\u6027\u8f6c\u5411\u4e00\u79cd\u7ef4\u62a4\u65e2\u5f97\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u4fdd\u5b88\u6027\u3002\uff09<\/p>\n

\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u56e0\u7d20\u662f\uff0c\u8fd1\u5e74\u4f5c \u4e3a\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e3b\u8981\u601d\u60f3\u6f6e\u6d41\u7684\u540e\u73b0\u4ee3\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u5176\u542b\u4e49\u548c\u5f71\u54cd\u5728\u4e24\u56fd\u5341\u5206\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u8fd9\u70b9\u9700\u8981\u82b1\u70b9\u7bc7\u5e45\u6765\u8bf4\u660e\u3002\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\uff0c\u540e\u73b0\u4ee3\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u6838\u5fc3\u662f\u5bf9\u5b9e\u8bc1\u4e3b\u4e49\u8ba4\u8bc6\u8bba\u7684\u6df1\u5c42\u53cd\u601d\u548c\u6279 \u5224\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e3b\u89c2\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u5426\u5b9a\u5ba2\u89c2\uff0c\u5426\u5b9a\u7edd\u5bf9\u771f\u5b9e\uff0c\u5426\u5b9a\u552f\u7269\u601d\u60f3\u3002\u5b83\u662f\u5bf9\u897f\u65b9\u957f\u671f\u4ee5\u6765\uff08\u4ece\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u5230\u73b0\u4ee3\u79d1\u5b66\uff09\u5728\u8ba4\u8bc6\u8bba\u4e0a\u7684\u7edd\u5bf9\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u53cd\u52a8\u3002\u5b83\u6210\u529f\u5730\u5728\u6574\u4e2a\u5b66\u672f\u754c \u8d28\u7591\u4e86\u5b9e\u8bc1\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u63a8\u7ffb\u4e86\u73b0\u4ee3\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\u8bba\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u53ef\u4ee5\u89c1\u4e8e\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\uff1a\u8fd1\u4e8c\u4e09\u5341\u5e74\u6765\uff0c\u5b66\u672f\u754c\u4eba\u58eb\u5728\u63d0\u5230\u8fc7\u53bb\u8ba4\u4f5c\u65e0\u53ef\u7f6e\u7591\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\u548c\u5ba2\u89c2\u73b0\u8c61\u65f6\uff0c\u666e\u904d\u5730\u8981 \u52a0\u4e0a\u5f15\u53f7\uff0c\u6216\u201c\u6240\u8c13\u201d\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b57\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u201c\u6240\u8c13\u4e8b\u5b9e\u201d\u3001\u201c\u6240\u8c13\u5ba2\u89c2\u201d\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u5219\u5f88\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u5b66\u672f\u754c\u6ca1 \u6709\u50cf\u897f\u65b9\u90a3\u6837\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\u8bba\u4e0a\u7684\u7126\u8651\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u50cf\u897f\u65b9\u90a3\u6837\u7684\uff0c\u4ece\u7b03\u4fe1\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5230\u7b03\u4fe1\u79d1\u5b66\uff0c\u800c\u540e\u5230\u5f7b\u5e95\u6000\u7591\u79d1\u5b66\u6240\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u6df1\u5c42\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5371\u673a\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u754c\u5bf9\u540e\u73b0\u4ee3\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u7406\u89e3 \u91cd\u70b9\uff0c\u4e0d\u5728\u6000\u7591\u5ba2\u89c2\u548c\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u8d28\u7591\u897f\u65b9\u73b0\u4ee3\u4e3b\u4e49\u6240\u8fde\u5e26\u7684\u897f\u65b9\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4e3b\u4e49\u3002\u4ee5\u5728\u6cd5\u5b66\u754c\u5f71\u54cd\u751a\u5e7f\u7684\u201c\u672c\u571f\u8d44\u6e90\u201d\u8bba\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u5176\u91cd\u70b9\u5728\u9488\u5bf9\u5168\u76d8\u897f\u5316\u7684\u65b0\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u79fb\u690d \u8bba\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\u897f\u65b9\u4e2d\u5fc3\u8bba\uff0c\u8bd5\u56fe\u4ece\u4e2d\u56fd\u201c\u672c\u571f\u201d\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u548c\u4f20\u7edf\u6765\u4e0e\u4e4b\u6297\u8861\u3002\u5b83\u5f52\u6839\u5230\u5e95\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u672c\u571f\u611f\u60c5\uff08\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\uff09\u7684\u8868\u73b0\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u754c\uff0c\u540e\u73b0\u4ee3\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u8fdc\u4e0d\u5982\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u90a3\u4e48\u5f3a\u5927\u3002\u5728\u62d2\u7edd\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u9636\u7ea7\u6597\u4e89\u6846\u67b6\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u503e\u5411\u662f\u7f8e\u5316\u6e05\u4ee3\u53ca\u5176\u5e02\u573a\u7ecf\u6d4e\uff0c\u501f\u4ee5\u201c\u53bb\u897f\u65b9\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5316\u201d\uff0c \u4f46\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u6f6e\u6d41\u5219\u662f\u201c\u788e\u7247\u5316\u201d\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u629b\u5f03\u4e86\u8fc7\u53bb\u90a3\u79cd\u5bf9\u5386\u53f2\u6574\u4f53\u7684\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u5316\u8ba4\u8bc6\uff0c\u4f46\u4e00\u822c\u5e76\u4e0d\u9644\u5e26\u62d2\u7edd\u7ecf\u9a8c\u548c\u5ba2\u89c2\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u503e\u5411\uff0c\u751a\u6216\u6b63\u597d\u76f8\u53cd\uff08\u4e0b\u9762\u8fd8\u8981\u8ba8 \u8bba\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\uff0c\u540e\u73b0\u4ee3\u4e3b\u4e49\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\uff08\u9664\u4e86\u4e2a\u522b\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u9886\u57df\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u6bd4\u8f83\u6587\u5b66\uff09\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u591f\u79f0\u4f5c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b9e \u5b9e\u5728\u5728\u7684\u5b66\u6d3e\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u591f\u88ab\u89c6\u4f5c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5728\u5b66\u672f\u5b9e\u8df5\u5c42\u9762\u4e0a\u771f\u6b63\u5177\u6709\u5e9e\u5927\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u3002\u5b83\u6ca1\u6709\u592a\u591a\u516c\u8ba4\u7684\u7ecf\u5178\u6216\u6559\u79d1\u4e66\u3002\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u8bf8\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u6700\u5927\u7684\u662f\u8428\u4f0a\u5fb7\u7684 \u201c\u4e1c\u65b9\u4e3b\u4e49\u201d\u548c\u5409\u5c14\u8328\u7684\u201c\u5730\u65b9\u6027\u77e5\u8bc6\u201d\u6982\u5ff5\uff08\u4e24\u8005\u90fd\u88ab\u7eb3\u5165\u6211\u5728\u56fd\u5185\u4e3a\u7814\u7a76\u751f\u4eec\u5f00\u8bbe\u7684\u201c\u793e\u4f1a\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e0e\u6cd5\u5f8b\uff1a\u5386\u53f2\u4e0e\u7406\u8bba\u201d\u8bfe\u7a0b\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u5bf9\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u63a5\u7eb3\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981 \u6e90\u81ea\u201c\u53bb\u897f\u65b9\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4e3b\u4e49\u201d\u7684\u52a8\u673a\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6000\u7591\u4e00\u5207\u5ba2\u89c2\u4e8b\u5b9e\u7684\u52a8\u673a\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u5c31\u548c\u7f8e\u56fd\u5f88\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\u3002\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\uff0c \u540e\u73b0\u4ee3\u4e3b\u4e49\u6839\u672c\u6027\u5730\u52a8\u6447\u4e86\u5b9e\u8bc1\u4e3b\u4e49\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u5176\u8ba4\u8bc6\u8bba\u9644\u6709\u4e00\u5927\u5806\u7684\u9ad8\u6c34\u5e73\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u4ece\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u5230\u54f2\u5b66\uff0c\u4ece\u827a\u672f\u548c\u5efa\u7b51\u5b66\u5230\u8ba4\u8bc6\u8bba\uff0c\u4ece\u6587\u672c\u5206\u6790\u5230\u6cd5\u5b66\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u4e0e\u4eba \u7c7b\u5b66\uff0c\u90fd\u5177\u6709\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u52bf\u529b\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u5f7b\u5e95\u8d28\u7591\u73b0\u4ee3\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u5927\u6f6e\u6d41\u3002\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u5229\u5965\u5854\uff3bJean-Francois Lyotard\uff3d\u3001\u798f\u67ef\uff3bMichel Foucault\uff3d\u3001 \u5fb7\u91cc\u8fbe\uff3bJacques Derrida\uff3d\u3001\u8a79\u59c6\u68ee\uff3bFredric Jamison\uff3d\u7b49\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u3002\uff09<\/p>\n

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\u4ee5\u4e0a\u662f\u6211\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5916 \u6765\u8005\u5bf9\u56fd\u5185\u5b66\u672f\u73af\u5883\u7684\u521d\u6b65\u8ba4\u8bc6\u3002\u672c\u6587\u8981\u63d0\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u662f\uff1a\u5728\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u73af\u5883\u91cc\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u505a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6837\u7684\u5b66\u672f\uff1f\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u5728\u65b0\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u5b66\u672f\u5360\u636e\u5236\u5ea6\u5316\u7684\u6b63\u5f53\u6027\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55 \u201c\u53e6\u7c7b\u201d\u5b66\u672f\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u624e\u5b9e\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u7814\u7a76\u4ee5\u53ca\u201c\u53e6\u7c7b\u201d\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u5f71\u54cd\u548c\u52bf\u529b\u90fd\u6bd4\u8f83\u6709\u9650\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u5e76\u4e0d\u610f\u5473\u7740\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u8981\u56e0\u6b64\u653e\u5f03\u5b66\u672f\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u5bf9\u771f\u5b9e\u548c\u771f\u7406\u7684\u8ffd\u6c42\u3002\u6211\u4e2a \u4eba\u66f4\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u4e0d\u53ef\u653e\u5f03\u8fde\u63a5\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4e0e\u6982\u5ff5 \/ \u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u552f\u6709\u90a3\u6837\uff0c\u624d\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u5efa\u7acb\u7b26\u5408\u4e2d\u56fd\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u548c\u7406\u8bba\u3002\u6211\u81ea\u5df1\u5728\u6559\u5b66\u4e2d\u5e38\u5e38\u5bf9\u5b66\u751f\u8fd9\u6837\u8bf4\uff1a\u7406\u8bba\u4e0d\u53ef\u76f2\u4ece\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u53ef\u62d2\u7edd\uff1b\u897f\u65b9\u7406\u8bba\u662f\u5176\u5b66\u672f\u7684\u6838\u6b66\u5668\uff0c\u5fc5 \u987b\u9762\u5bf9\u548c\u638c\u63e1\uff0c\u624d\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u8d85\u8d8a\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e8c\u3001\u65b0\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u540e\u73b0\u4ee3\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u201c\u53e6\u7c7b\u201d\u7406\u8bba \/ \u601d\u60f3<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u65b0\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u540e\u73b0\u4ee3\u4e3b\u4e49\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u662f\u5f53\u4eca\u4e2d\u3001\u7f8e\u5b66\u672f\u754c\u4e24\u5927\u4e3b\u8981\u7406\u8bba\u4f53\u7cfb\uff0c\u800c\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u4e49\u7406\u8bba\u548c\u5b9e\u4f53\u4e3b\u4e49\u4f20\u7edf\u5219\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u662f\u4e24\u5927\u6b21\u8981\u4f20\u7edf\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5b66\u8005\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u505a\u53bb\u610f \u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u5316\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u3002\uff08\u4e0d\u7136\uff0c\u4f55\u8c08\u201c\u5b66\u672f\u201d\uff1f\uff09\u8fd9\u5c31\u610f\u5473\u7740\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u8be5\u5e7f\u6cdb\u91c7\u7528\u591a\u79cd\u5b66\u672f\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u6d1e\u89c1\uff0c\u6216\u501f\u52a9\u5176\u95f4\u7684\u5f20\u529b\u6765\u53cd\u601d\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7406\u8bba\u4f20\u7edf\uff0c\u6216\u4e0e\u5176\u5bf9\u8bdd\u6765\u63d0\u70bc\u81ea\u5df1\u7684 \u65b0\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u4ece\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u89c2\u5bdf\uff0c\u5728\u540e\u73b0\u4ee3\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u4e24\u5927\u6b21\u8981\u5b66\u672f\u4f20\u7edf\u4e5f\u662f\u6279\u5224\u3001\u8d85\u8d8a\u65b0\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u9738\u6743\u8bdd\u8bed\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u53ef\u7528\u8d44\u6e90\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\uff08\u4e00\uff09\u4e2d\u7f8e\u5de6\u6d3e\u601d\u60f3\u5f71\u54cd\u4e4b\u5f02\u540c<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u73b0\u4eca\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\uff0c\u663e\u7136\u5341\u5206\u9700\u8981\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u610f\u8bc6\u548c\u81ea\u7701\uff0c\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\u65b0\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u5316\uff0c\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\u5b83\u5728\u5b66\u672f\u754c\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0a\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u65b9\u624d\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u7834\u9664\u5176 \u8bef\u533a\u548c\u76f2\u70b9\uff0c\u505a\u51fa\u66f4\u7b26\u5408\u4e2d\u56fd\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u5728\u6279\u5224\u4e2d\uff0c\u540e\u73b0\u4ee3\u4e3b\u4e49\u3001\u65b0\u5de6\u6d3e\u548c\u5b9e\u4f53\u4e3b\u4e49\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u7b26\u5408\u4e2d\u56fd\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0e\u9700\u8981\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u53ef\u7528\u7684\u5b9d\u8d35\u8d44\u6e90\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6211\u81ea\u5df1\u5728\u8fd9\u65b9\u9762\u82b1\u4e86\u4e0d\u5c11\u7cbe\u529b\uff0c\u9488\u5bf9\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u4e2d\u6d41\u884c\u7684\u201c\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u4e49\u201d\u7406\u8bba\u4f20\u7edf\u63d0\u51fa\u6279\u5224\uff0c\u4e5f\u9488\u5bf9\u6cd5\u5b66\u754c\u4e2d\u540c\u6837\u5360\u9738\u6743\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u4e49\u7406\u8bba\u63d0\u51fa\u6279\u5224\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\uff08\u4e00\uff09\u6279\u5224\u65b0\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5956\u5f97\u4e3b\u8212\u5c14\u8328\uff0c\u5728\u4e0a\u4e16\u7eaa60\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u65b0\u53e4\u5178\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\u529b\u4e89\uff0c\u5728\u5e02\u573a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e0b\u751f\u4ea7\u8981\u7d20\u4f1a\u5f97\u5230\u6700\u4f73\u914d\u7f6e\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u6709\u8fc7\u5269\u2014\u2014\u571f\u5730\u3001\u8d44\u672c\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u52b3 \u52a8\u529b\u4e5f\u5982\u6b64\u3002\u636e\u6b64\uff0c\u4ed6\u575a\u6301\u5370\u5ea6\uff08\u548c\u4e2d\u56fd\u90fd\uff09\u6ca1\u6709\u8fc7\u5269\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u3002\u4e24\u5730\u7684\u519c\u4e1a\u53d1\u5c55\u90fd\u65e0\u9700\u8003\u8651\u4eba\u53e3\u538b\u529b\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u80fd\u591f\u4fc3\u4f7f\u519c\u6c11\u589e\u6536\u7684\u65b0\u6280\u672f\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u5b66\u8bf4\u53ef\u4ee5\u89c6\u4f5c\u5f53 \u65f6\uff08\u5728\u53d1\u5c55\u4e2d\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\uff09\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u7eff\u8272\u9769\u547d\u201d\u7684\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u8bf4\u660e\uff0c\u5373\u4fbf\u662f1979\u5e74\u6388\u4e88\u8212\u5c14\u8328\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5956\u7684\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\uff0c\u4e5f\u5bf9\u4ed6\u8fd9\u79cd\u89c2\u70b9\u5e26\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u4fdd\u7559\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u628a\u8be5\u5e74\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5956\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u6388\u4e88\u8bba\u8bc1\u53d1\u5c55\u4e2d\u56fd\u5bb6\u519c\u6751\u5177\u6709\u201c\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u65e0\u9650\u4f9b\u5e94\u201d\u7684\u5218\u6613\u65af\uff08W. Arthur Lewis\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9488\u5bf9\u8212\u5c14\u8328\u5ffd\u89c6\u4e2d\u56fd\u201c\u4eba\u591a\u5730\u5c11\u201d\u57fa\u672c\u56fd\u60c5\u7684\u8bba\u70b9\uff0c\u6211\u6307\u51fa\uff1a\u8212\u5c14\u8328\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u662f\u4e0d\u7b26\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\uff0c\u5ffd\u89c6\u4e86\u5176\u76f8\u5bf9\u8fc7\u5269\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u3002\u6211\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u660e\u6e05\u65f6\u671f \u4f9d\u8d56\u96c7\u4f63\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u7684\u201c\u7ecf\u8425\u5f0f\u519c\u573a\u201d\u786e\u5b9e\u662f\u6309\u7167\u8212\u5c14\u8328\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u903b\u8f91\u8fd0\u4f5c\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u6839\u636e\u9700\u8981\u800c\u8c03\u6574\u5176\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u548c\u52b3\u52a8\u6295\u5165\uff0c\u8d8b\u5411\u52b3\u52a8\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u914d\u7f6e\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5360\u7edd\u5927\u591a \u6570\u7684\u201c\u5bb6\u5ead\u519c\u573a\u201d\uff08\u5728\u534e\u5317\u5e73\u539f\u5360\u636e\u6240\u6709\u519c\u6237\u768490\uff05\uff0c\u5728\u6c5f\u5357\u5219\u63a5\u8fd1100\uff05\uff09\u5219\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u662f\u7ed9\u5b9a\u7684\u3002\u5728\u4eba\u53e3\u5bf9\u571f\u5730\u7684\u538b\u529b\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff08\u5bb6\u5ead\u519c\u573a\u9762\u79ef\u4e25 \u91cd\u4e0d\u8db3\uff09\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u505a\u51fa\u7684\u56de\u5e94\u662f\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u9ad8\u5ea6\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u5bc6\u96c6\u5316\uff0c\u501a\u8d56\u5bb6\u5ead\u7684\u8f85\u52a9\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u6765\u5438\u6536\u4f4e\u4e8e\u7cae\u98df\u79cd\u690d\u62a5\u916c\u7684\u624b\u5de5\u4e1a\uff08\u5728\u6c5f\u5357\u5730\u533a\u7279\u522b\u662f\u7eba\u7eb1\u548c\u517b\u8695\u3001\u7f2b\u4e1d\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u8fb9\u9645 \u62a5\u916c\u9012\u51cf\u7684\u4ee3\u4ef7\u6765\u652f\u6491\u201c\u519c\u4e1a + \u624b\u5de5\u4e1a\u201d\u4e24\u67c4\u62d0\u6756\u7ed3\u5408\u7684\u201c\u5bb6\u5ead\u5316\u751f\u4ea7\u201d\u8c0b\u751f\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u5728\u534e\u5317\uff0c\u5bb6\u5ead\u519c\u573a\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u5e73\u5747\u53ea\u79cd\u690d10\uff5e15\u4ea9\uff0c\u800c\u7ecf\u8425\u5f0f\u519c\u573a\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u5219\u8fbe\u5230\u9002\u5ea6\u768420\uff5e30\u4ea9\u3002\u5728\u6c5f \u5357\uff0c\u7eba\u7eb1\u7684\u62a5\u916c\u53ea\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u7cae\u98df\u79cd\u690d\u76841 \/ 3\u52301 \/ 2\uff0c\u8695\u6851\u5219\u662f\u4ee5\u516b\u4e5d\u500d\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u6295\u5165\u6765\u6362\u53d6\uff08\u76f8\u5e94\u4e8e\u7cae\u98df\u79cd\u690d\u7684\uff09\u4e09\u56db\u500d\u7684\u62a5\u916c\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u8868\u660e\u5728\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u5e02\u573a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e0b\u5b58\u5728\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u76f8\u5bf9\u8fc7\u5269\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5f53\u65f6\u519c\u4e1a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u201c\u5185\u5377 \u5316\u201d\u3002\uff08\u9ec4\u5b97\u667a\uff0c1992\uff3b2000\uff0c 2006\uff3d\uff0c 1986\uff3b2000\uff0c 2004\uff3d\uff09<\/p>\n

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\u81f3\u4e8e\u53bb\u96c6\u4f53\u5316\u7684\u6539\u9769\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u519c\u6751\u7ea61 \/ 3\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u4ece\u519c\u4e1a\u4e2d\u91ca\u653e\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u4f46\u519c\u4e1a\u603b\u4ea7\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0b\u964d\uff0c\u5c55\u793a\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u201c\u53bb\u5185\u5377\u5316\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u519c\u6751\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u8fc7\u5269\u7684\u5f88\u597d\u8bc1\u660e\u3002\uff08\u9ec4\u5b97\u667a\uff0c1992\uff3b2000\uff0c 2006\uff3d\uff09<\/p>\n

\u8fd1\u4e8c\u5341\u5e74\u6765\uff0c\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u519c\u6751\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u8fdb\u5165\u975e\u519c\u751f\u4ea7\uff0c\u6216\u201c\u79bb\u571f\u4e0d\u79bb\u4e61\u201d\uff0c\u6216\u201c\u79bb\u571f\u53c8\u79bb\u4e61\u201d\uff0c\u5176\u80cc\u540e\u4e5f\u662f\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u8fc7\u5269\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\u3002\u5373\u4fbf\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u519c\u6751\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u4ecd\u7136\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e25\u91cd\u8fc7 \u5269\uff0c\u5927\u91cf\u519c\u4e1a\u4ece\u4e1a\u4eba\u5458\u4ecd\u7136\u5904\u4e8e\u201c\u5c31\u4e1a\u4e0d\u8db3\u201d\u7684\u72b6\u51b5\u4e4b\u4e0b\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u5207\u4e43\u662f\u6539\u9769\u65f6\u671f\u201c\u519c\u6c11\u5de5\u201d\u6d6a\u6f6e\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u80cc\u666f\uff0c\u4fc3\u4f7f\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u4f4e\u62a5\u916c\u3001\u4e0d\u53d7\u56fd\u5bb6\u52b3\u52a8\u6cd5\u89c4\u4fdd\u62a4\u3001\u6ca1\u6709\u6b63\u89c4 \u804c\u5de5\u798f\u5229\u7684\u201c\u975e\u6b63\u89c4\u7ecf\u6d4e\u201d\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6797\u6bc5\u592b\u7b49\u6839\u636e\u4e0e\u8212\u5c14\u8328\u540c\u6837\u7684\u903b\u8f91\uff0c\u529b\u4e89\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u5e9e\u5927\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u5176\u5b9e \u4e43\u662f\u5176\u201c\u6bd4\u8f83\u4f18\u52bf\u201d\uff0c\u5728\u6539\u9769\u4e2d\u7684\u5168\u7403\u5316\u5e02\u573a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u7ec8\u4e8e\u901a\u8fc7\u5e02\u573a\u673a\u5236\u800c\u5f97\u5230\u5176\u6700\u4f73\u914d\u7f6e\u3002\u8521\u6609\u7b49\u5219\u4e00\u518d\u5f3a\u8c03\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eca\u5929\u5df2\u7ecf\u8fdb\u5165\u201c\u5218\u6613\u65af\u62d0\u70b9\u201d\u2014\u2014\u5373\u519c\u6751\u548c \u57ce\u5e02\u6574\u5408\u7684\u3001\u540c\u7b49\u5de5\u8d44\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u5e02\u573a\u3002\u800c\u9646\u5b66\u827a\u7b49\u5219\u5f3a\u8c03\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5df2\u7ecf\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u4e2d\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u201d\u5373\u5c06\u5360\u5927\u591a\u6570\u7684\u201c\u6a44\u6984\u578b\u201d\uff08\u533a\u522b\u4e8e\u201c\u91d1\u5b57\u5854\u578b\u201d\uff09\u793e\u4f1a\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u5ffd\u89c6\u7684 \u662f\uff0c\u5927\u91cf\u519c\u6751\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u5728\u201c\u975e\u6b63\u89c4\u7ecf\u6d4e\u201d\u4e2d\u88ab\u8d85\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528\u3001\u62d6\u6b20\u5de5\u8d44\u3001\u6b20\u7f3a\u798f\u5229\u3001\u6ca1\u6709\u52b3\u52a8\u6cd5\u89c4\u4fdd\u62a4\u7b49\u6076\u52a3\u73b0\u8c61\u3002\u5982\u6b64\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0d\u80fd\u7b80\u5355\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u6bd4\u8f83\u4f18\u52bf\u201d\u6216\u6574\u5408\u7684\u52b3\u52a8 \u529b\u5e02\u573a\uff0c\u6216\u6a44\u6984\u578b\u793e\u4f1a\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u65e0\u89c6\u8fd9\u4e48\u591a\u4eba\u7684\u8840\u6c57\u7ecf\u5386\u3002\uff08\u8be6\u89c1\u9ec4\u5b97\u667a\uff0c2009c\uff09<\/p>\n

\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u5728\u201c\u62db \u5546\u5f15\u8d44\u201d\u7684\u7ade\u4e89\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u5ec9\u4ef7\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u662f\u4e2a\u6709\u5229\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u914d\u5408\u5730\u65b9\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u65e0\u89c6\u56fd\u5bb6\u52b3\u52a8\u6cd5\u89c4\uff0c\u66f4\u52a0\u5982\u6b64\u3002\u4f46\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u540c\u65f6\u770b\u5230\u5176\uff08\u4e3b\u8981\u7531\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u4e49\u7406\u8bba\u6307\u51fa\u7684\uff09\u201c\u5265 \u524a\u201d\u7684\u4e00\u9762\uff0c\u770b\u5230\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u5feb\u901f\u201c\u53d1\u5c55\u201d\u7684\u201c\u5947\u8ff9\u201d\u662f\u4ee5\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0d\u516c\u6765\u6362\u53d6\u7684\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u5f53\u4eca\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0d\u516c\u5176\u5b9e\u6765\u81ea\u540c\u4e00\u6839\u6e90\uff0c\u5373\u5730\u65b9\u653f\u5e9c\u4e0d\u987e\u52b3 \u52a8\u5265\u524a\u548c\u73af\u5883\u6c61\u67d3\u800c\u79ef\u6781\u62db\u5546\u5f15\u8d44\u3002\uff08\u9ec4\u5b97\u667a\uff0c2010d\uff0c 2009a\uff09<\/p>\n

\u8fd1\u5e74\u6765\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u4e09\u5927\u5386\u53f2 \u6027\u8d8b\u52bf\u7684\u4ea4\u6c47\u2014\u2014\u751f\u80b2\u7387\u7684\u4e0b\u964d\u7ec8\u4e8e\u5728\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e4b\u4ea4\u4f53\u73b0\u4e8e\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u7edd\u5bf9\u91cf\u7684\u9012\u51cf\uff0c\u5feb\u901f\u7684\u57ce\u9547\u5316\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u519c\u6c11\u5de5\u975e\u519c\u5c31\u4e1a\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u7531\u4e8e\u6536\u5165\u4e0a\u5347\u800c\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u9ad8\u503c\u519c\u4ea7\u54c1 \uff08\u852c\u83dc\u6c34\u679c\u548c\u9c7c\u8089\u86cb\u5976\uff09\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u4fc3\u4f7f\u5355\u4f4d\u8015\u5730\u9762\u79ef\u4e0a\u65e2\u662f\u66f4\u591a\u8d44\u672c\u4e5f\u662f\u66f4\u591a\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u7684\u6295\u5165\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u62f1\u68da\u852c\u83dc\u548c\u79f8\u79c6\u517b\u6b96\uff09\u2014\u2014\u5728\u4eca\u540e\u51e0\u5341\u5e74\u95f4\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u6d88\u9664\u52b3 \u52a8\u529b\u8fc7\u5269\u7684\u201c\u5185\u5377\u5316\u201d\u95ee\u9898\u3002\uff08\u9ec4\u5b97\u667a\u3001\u5f6d\u7389\u751f\uff0c2007a\uff09<\/p>\n

\u4e0e\u8212\u5c14\u8328\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u6211\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u8bba\u70b9 \u4e0d\u662f\u6765\u81ea\u4efb\u4f55\u5355\u4e00\u7684\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6765\u81ea\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff0c\u5c55\u793a\u7684\u4e0d\u662f\u4ece\u7406\u8bba\u5230\u7ecf\u9a8c\u62fc\u51d1\u3001\u518d\u8fd4\u56de\u5230\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u5178\u578b\u65b0\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4ece\u7ecf\u9a8c\u5230\u6982\u5ff5\u3001\u518d\u8fd4\u56de\u5230\u7ecf\u9a8c \u7684\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u5728\u5bf9\u7ecf\u9a8c\u8bc1\u636e\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u4e0a\uff0c\u6211\u501f\u52a9\uff08\u5b9e\u4f53\u4e3b\u4e49\u7406\u8bba\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\uff09\u6070\u4e9a\u8bfa\u592b\u201c\u519c\u6c11\uff08\u5bb6\u5ead\u519c\u573a\uff09\u7ecf\u6d4e\u201d\u7406\u8bba\u6765\u5f62\u6210\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u201c\u5185\u5377\u5316\u201d \/ \u201c\u8fc7\u5bc6\u5316\u201d\u6982\u5ff5\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4ee5\u4e0a\u601d\u8def\u7684\u5ef6\u4f38\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6587\u7ae0\u517c\u987e\u5230\u4e2d\u56fd\u53d1\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u501f\u4ee5\u8ba8\u8bba\u65b0\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u5236\u5ea6\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u7684\u5bf9\u9519\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u9488\u5bf9\u65b0\u5236\u5ea6\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u7684\u6559\u6761\uff0c\u5373\u53d1\u5c55\u5fc5\u987b\u7531\u5e02\u573a + \u79c1\u6709\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u516c\u53f8\u6765\u63a8\u52a8\uff0c\u6211\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u201c\u5947\u8ff9\u201d\u4e2d\uff0c\u5730\u65b9\u653f\u5e9c\u663e\u7136\u8d77\u4e86\u6781\u5927\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u548c\u65b0\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u8981\u6c42\u653f\u5e9c\u5e72\u9884\u6700\u5c0f\u5316\u7684\u6559\u6761\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u5730\u65b9\u653f\u5e9c\u7684 \u4f5c\u4e3a\u2014\u2014\u4e3a\u4e86\u62db\u5546\u5f15\u8d44\u800c\u65e0\u89c6\u52b3\u52a8\u548c\u73af\u5883\u6cd5\u89c4\u2014\u2014\u4e5f\u662f\u5f53\u524d\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u73af\u5883\u5371\u673a\u7684\u6765\u6e90\u3002\uff08\u9ec4\u5b97\u667a\uff0c2010a\uff0c 2009b\uff09<\/p>\n

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\u3000\u3000\uff08\u4e8c\uff09\u6279\u5224\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u4e49\u6cd5\u5b66<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u81f3\u4e8e\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c\u6211\u5bf9\u97e6\u4f2f\u5efa\u6784\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u6279\u8bc4\u9996\u5148\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5b9e\u8df5\uff08\u533a\u522b\u4e8e\u5176\u201c\u8868 \u8fbe\u201d\uff09\u4e2d\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u542b\u6709\u5b9e\u7528\u548c\uff08\u53ef\u9884\u671f\u7684\uff09\u201c\u7406\u6027\u201d\u7684\u7ef4\u5ea6\uff0c\u7edd\u5bf9\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\u97e6\u4f2f\u5efa\u6784\u7684\u201c\u5b9e\u8d28\u975e\u7406\u6027\u201d\u6216\u201c\u5361\u8fea\u6cd5\u201d\u7406\u60f3\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u800c\u66f4\u63a5\u8fd1\u4e8e\u4ed6\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e0d\u591a\u7684\u201c\u5b9e\u8d28\u7406\u6027\u201d\u6a21 \u578b\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u7edd\u5bf9\u4e0d\u50cf\u97e6\u4f2f\u6240\u5efa\u6784\u7684\u7eaf\u7ecf\u9a8c\u6027\u6216\u56de\u987e\u6027\u6cd5\u5f8b\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5177\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u524d\u77bb\u6027\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u3002\u5b83\u6240\u4f9d\u8d56\u7684\u4e0d\u662f\u4e0e\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e3b\u4e49\u5bc6\u4e0d\u53ef\u5206\u7684\u201c\u6743\u5229\u201d\u524d\u63d0\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u800c \u662f\u5112\u5bb6\u7684\u201c\u4ec1\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u548c\u8c10\u201d\u4f26\u7406\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u5176\u6240\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u601d\u7ef4\u5341\u5206\u4e0d\u540c\u4e8e\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u5b8c\u5168\u504f\u5411\u62bd\u8c61\u6982\u5ff5\u548c\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u7279\u522b\u5f3a\u8c03\u8fde\u63a5\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4e0e\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5e76\u5e26\u6709\u5f3a\u70c8\u5b9e\u7528\u503e\u5411 \u7684\u601d\u7ef4\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\uff08\u9ec4\u5b97\u667a\uff0c2001\uff3b2007\uff3d\uff0c 2003a\uff3b2007\uff3d\uff0c 2009a\uff0c 2010c\uff09<\/p>\n

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\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u8fd9\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u8bf4\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e00\u5b9a\u662f\u6b63\u786e\u7684\uff0c\u8868\u8fbe\u4e00\u5b9a\u662f\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u3002 \u4e0a\u9762\u6211\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e4b\u4e2d\u4e5f\u591a\u6709\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff0c\u8b6c\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u79bb\u5a5a\u6cd5\u4e2d\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u5e7f\u6cdb\u8fd0\u7528\u7684\u201c\u5f53\u4e8b\u4eba\u4e3b\u4e49\u201d\u53d6\u8bc1\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3001\u5728\u5211\u6cd5\u4e2d\u88ab\u8bef\u89e3\u4e3a\u201c\u6062\u590d\u6027\u6b63\u4e49\u201d\u7684\u201c\u5211\u4e8b\u548c \u89e3\u201d\uff0c\u66f4\u6bcb\u5eb8\u8bf4\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u201c\u5211\u8baf\u903c\u4f9b\u201d\u7b49\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u662f\u4eca\u5929\u53f8\u6cd5\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\u4e9f\u987b\u6539\u9769\u7684\u7f3a\u9677\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u5173\u952e\u5728\u4e8e\u8981\u770b\u5230\u5b9e\u8df5\u7684\u540e\u679c\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6c89\u6eba\u4e8e\u7406\u8bba\u548c\u6761\u6587\u7684\u7a7a\u8c08\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u90a3\u6837\u7684\u5b66 \u672f\u7814\u7a76\u6700\u7ec8\u53ea\u662f\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u7684\u4e89\u8bba\uff0c\u5bf9\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u6070\u5f53\u7684\u7acb\u6cd5\u90fd\u65e0\u6d4e\u4e8e\u4e8b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5bf9\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u4e49\u6cd5\u5b66\u7684\u6279\u5224\u7684\u6839\u636e\uff0c\u548c\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u519c\u4e1a\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u540c\u6837\uff0c\u662f\u6765\u81ea\u4ece\u5b9e\u9645\u8fd0\u4f5c\uff08\u5b9e\u8df5\uff09\u51fa\u53d1\u7684\u5b66\u672f\uff0c\u7531\u6b64\u6982\u62ec\u5e76\u5efa\u7acb\u65b0\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u9010\u6b65\u5efa\u7acb\u5177\u6709\u4e2d\u56fd\u201c\u4e3b\u4f53\u6027\u201d\u7684\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u518d\u56de\u5230\u7ecf\u9a8c\u6765\u68c0\u9a8c\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u5bf9\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u4e49\u6cd5\u5b66\u548c\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u4e49\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u6cd5\u548c\u601d\u7ef4\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u6839\u672c\u6027\u6279\u5224\u3002<\/p>\n

\u56db\u3001\u73b0\u5b9e\u5173\u6000\u4e0e\u5efa\u6811\u6027\u5b66\u672f\u4e4b\u5fc5\u8981<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u4ee5\u4e0a\u662f\u4ee5\u6279\u5224\u4e3a\u4e3b\u8981\u76ee\u7684\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u6211\u6df1\u89c9\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u4e0d\u80fd\u505c\u987f\u5728\u6279\u5224\u5c42\u9762\u4e0a\uff0c\u54ea\u6015\u53ea\u662f\u5728\u201c\u8c61\u7259\u5854\u201d\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u5c42\u9762\u4e0a\u3002\u6211\u8fdb\u5165\u4e0d\u60d1\u4e4b\u5e74\u540e\uff0c\u5bf9\u81ea\u5df1\u5b66\u672f\u7684\u4e00 \u8d2f\u8981\u6c42\u662f\u8981\u505a\u521b\u65b0\u6027\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4ece\u65b0\u7684\u6750\u6599\u4e2d\u5f97\u51fa\u65b0\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u7528\u9014\u4e0d\u5728\u771f\u7406\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u63d0\u51fa\u95ee\u9898\uff1b\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u501f\u52a9\u7406\u8bba\u6765\u5efa\u7acb\u65b0\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u5e94\u7528 \/ \u8bc1\u5b9e\u73b0\u6709\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u6216\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u8bc1\u4f2a\u73b0\u6709\u7406\u8bba\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\uff1a\u521b\u5efa\u7b26\u5408\u4e2d\u56fd\u5b9e\u9645\u3001\u5e26\u6709\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4f53\u6027\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u548c\u7406\u8bba \/ \u6982\u5ff5\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u7531\u6b64\uff0c\u4fbf\u5728\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u201c\u4ece\u54ea\u91cc\u6765\u201d\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u4e4b\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u5730\u52a0\u4e0a\u201c\u5230\u54ea \u91cc\u53bb\u201d\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4e24\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u7ed3\u5408\uff0c\u66f4\u4ea7\u751f\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u600e\u6837\u4ece\u8fd9\u91cc\u8d70\u5230\u90a3\u91cc\uff1f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u662f\u6211\u81ea\u5df1\u8fd9\u5341\u5e74\u6765\u6240\u8981\u5904\u7406\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u8981\u56de\u7b54\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u4ec5 \u51ed\u60f3\u8c61\uff0c\u8131\u79bb\u773c\u524d\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\u800c\u501f\u7406\u8bba\u4e4b\u540d\u6765\u505a\u9ad8\u5ea6\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u5316\u7684\u7a7a\u6d1e\u8bba\u8bf4\u3002\u6211\u4e2a\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u7528\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u4ece\u8fc7\u53bb\u548c\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e4b\u4e2d\u6765\u63a2\u5bfb\u53ef\u4f9b\u4eca\u5929\u6240\u7528\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c \u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u56de\u7b54\uff1a\u4ec0\u4e48\u624d\u662f\u7b26\u5408\u4e2d\u56fd\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u51fa\u8def\uff1f\u5728\u76ee\u524d\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f9d\u636e\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u4ece\u8fd9\u91cc\u8d70\u5230\u90a3\u91cc\uff1f<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\uff08\u4e00\uff09\u56de\u987e\u548c\u524d\u77bb\u6027\u7684\u5b9e\u8df5\u5386\u53f2\u7814\u7a76<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u7ecf\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5e74\u7684\u6478\u7d22\uff0c\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff1a\u8981\u540c\u65f6\u6446\u8131\u65b0\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u4e0e\u540e\u73b0\u4ee3\u4e3b\u4e49\u8f7b\u89c6\u7ecf\u9a8c\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5f0a\u7aef\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u884c\u65b9\u6848\u662f\u5728\u5b9e\u8df5\u5386\u53f2\u4e2d\u63a2\u5bfb\u53ef\u4f9b\u4eca\u5929\u4e4b\u7528\u7684\u5b9e\u7528\u667a \u6167\u3002\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6446\u8131\u53ea\u91cd\u8bdd\u8bed\u3001\u8f7b\u89c6\u5b9e\u8df5 \/ \u7ecf\u9a8c\u7684\u5f0a\u7aef\uff1b\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u501a\u8d56\u5df2\u6709\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u548c\u5b9e\u9645\u57fa\u7840\u6765\u786e\u5b9a\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u6539\u9769\u8def\u5f84\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u6beb\u65e0\u5b9e\u9645\u6839\u636e\u7684\u7a7a\u8c08\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6211\u5bf9\u201c\u5b9e\u8df5\u201d\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u5305\u542b\u4e09\u79cd\u542b\u4e49\u3002\u9996\u5148\u662f\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u5b9e\u8df5\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u6307\u884c\u52a8\uff0c\u548c\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u300a\u5b9e\u8df5\u8bba\u300b\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u57fa\u672c\u76f8\u540c\uff1b\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u662f\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8868\u8fbe\u7684\u5b9e\u8df5\uff0c\u533a\u522b\u4e8e\u5b98\u65b9\u8868\u8fbe \u6216\u8bdd\u8bed\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u6211\u7814\u7a76\u6e05\u4ee3\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5f97\u51fa\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u6846\u67b6\uff1b\u518d\u5219\u662f\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5236\u5ea6\u548c\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u5b9e\u8df5\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u6307\u5b9e\u9645\u8fd0\u4f5c\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u4e43\u662f\uff08\u6211\u5f00\u8bbe\u7684\u8bfe\u7a0b\u6240\u7eb3\u5165\u7684\uff09\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u2014\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\u5bb6\u5e03 \u8fea\u5384\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u89c2\u70b9\u3002\u4e0a\u9762\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u4e49\u53ea\u91cd\u7406\u8bba \/ \u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5ffd\u89c6\u5b9e\u8df5\uff0c\u6240\u6307\u7684\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u79cd\u542b\u4e49\u3002\u518d\u5219\u662f\u6e05\u4ee3\u7684\u6781\u5176\u9ad8\u5ea6\u9053\u5fb7\u5316\u7684\u8bdd\u8bed \/ \u8868\u8fbe\uff0c\u4e0e\u5176\u76f8\u5f53\u5b9e\u7528\u6027\u7684\u5b9e\u8df5\u5f62\u6210\u9c9c\u660e\u7684\u5bf9\u7167\uff08\u5982\uff0c\u7531\u793e\u4f1a\u81ea\u8eab\u6765\u5904\u7406\u201c\u7ec6\u4e8b\u201d\u7ea0\u7eb7\u7684\u7406\u5ff5\u8868\u8fbe\uff0c\u548c\u5dde\u53bf\u8859\u95e8\u7531\u4e8e\u5b9e\u7528\u9700\u8981\u800c\u60ef\u5e38\u5904\u7406\u201c\u6237\u5a5a\u7530\u571f\u201d\u7ec6\u4e8b\u7ea0\u7eb7\u7684\u5b9e \u8df5\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5c42\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u3002\u6700\u540e\u662f\u8bf8\u5982\u5f53\u4e8b\u4eba\u5fc5\u5177\u201c\u7518\u7ed3\u201d\u8981\u6c42\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u8fd0\u4f5c\u4e2d\u5219\u660e\u663e\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\u5316\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\u5728\u5176\u5b9e\u9645\u8fd0\u4f5c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u624d\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u7684 \u77e5\u53bf\u4eec\u7684\u53f8\u6cd5\u201c\u5b9e\u8df5\u903b\u8f91\u201d\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u5e03\u8fea\u5384\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\uff08\u9ec4\u5b97\u667a\uff0c2009a\uff1a \u7b2c1\u7ae0\uff1b\u9ec4\u5b97\u667a\uff0c2005a\uff0c b\uff09<\/p>\n

\u6211\u63d0\u5021\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u5efa\u6811\u6027\u7684\u73b0\u5b9e\u5173\u6000\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u8fc7\u53bb\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u5b9e\u8df5\u6765\u63a2\u5bfb\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u5b9e\u8df5\u667a\u6167\uff0c\u7531\u6b64\u6765\u5efa\u6811\u4eca\u5929\u53ef\u7528\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u8bf4\uff0c\u6211\u6240\u63d0\u5021\u7684\u5b9e\u8df5\u5386\u53f2\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u7edd \u5bf9\u4e0d\u662f\u7eaf\u56de\u987e\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5177\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u524d\u77bb\u6027 \/ \u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u5ff5\u7684\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u8a00\uff0c\u6211\u4e2a\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u505a\u5b66\u672f\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u4e3a\u4eba\u6c11\u5927\u4f17\u8c0b\u6c42\u5e78\u798f\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u4e00\u5df1\u4e4b\u5229\u76ca\u3001\u5730\u4f4d\u3001\u58f0\u8a89\u3001\u6743\u529b\u6216\u62a5\u916c\u3002\u65b0\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u5047\u8bbe\u5229 \u5df1\u5373\u6700\u4f73\u7684\u516c\u76ca\u9014\u5f84\uff0c\u5b9e\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u4e0d\u987e\u793e\u4f1a\u516c\u5e73\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u63a2\u5bfb\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u9009\u62e9\u548c\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u539f\u56e0\u3002\u4f46\u6211\u63d0\u5021\u7684\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u7eaf\u7406\u8bba \/ \u54f2\u5b66 \/ \u62bd\u8c61\u6027\u7684\u63a2\u8ba8\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u5bf9\u672a\u6765\u56fe\u666f\u7684\u51ed\u7a7a\u8bbe\u60f3\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u5b9e\u8df5\u7684\u56de\u987e\u548c\u524d\u77bb\uff0c\u501f\u4ee5\u56de\u7b54\u201c\u4ece\u54ea\u91cc\u6765\u201d\u548c\u201c\u5230\u54ea\u91cc\u53bb\u201d\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\uff08\u4e8c\uff09\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e0e\u6cd5\u53f2\u9886\u57df<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u3000\u3000\uff08\u4e09\uff09\u519c\u4e1a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e0e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53f2\u9886\u57df<\/strong><\/p>\n

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