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align=\"justify\">\u3000\u3000\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u4e49\u5b66\u8005\u5c06\u52b3\u52a8\u95ee\u9898\u7eb3\u5165\u9636\u7ea7\u6597\u4e89\u8303\u7574\uff0c\u76f8\u5173\u7814\u7a76\u4ee5\u603b\u7ed3\u5de5\u8fd0\u7ecf\u9a8c\u6559\u8bad\u4e3a\u65e8\u5f52\u3002\u5982\u9093\u4e2d\u590f\u300a\u7701\u6e2f\u7f62\u5de5\u6982\u89c2\u300b\uff08\u4e2d\u534e\u5168\u56fd\u603b\u5de5\u4f1a\u7701\u6e2f\u7f62\u5de5\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u5ba3\u4f20\u90e81926\u5e74\uff09\u3001\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u804c\u5de5\u8fd0\u52a8\u7b80\u53f2\u300b\uff08\u4e2d\u539f\u65b0\u534e\u4e66\u5e97l949\u5e74\uff09\u548c\u8d75\u4e00\u6ce2\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u804c\u5de5\u8fd0\u52a8\u6587\u732e\u300b\u7b2c1\u5377\u4ec0\u5e74\u51fa\u7248\u793e1946\u5e74\uff09\uff0c\u5747\u7f18\u6b64\u800c\u4f5c\u3002\u674e\u6c49\u4fca\u300a\u5de5\u4f1a\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u4e0e\u5de5\u4f1a\u6cd5\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u300b\uff081923\uff09\u4ece\u6cd5\u5f8b\u89d2\u5ea6\u63a2\u8ba8\u5de5\u4f1a\u7684\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u4e0e\u5de5\u4f1a\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u8005\u4e0e\u804c\u4e1a\u9769\u547d\u5bb6\u7684\u987e\u51c6\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u67e5\u4e0a\u6d77\u5404\u884c\u4e1a\u7684\u5de5\u4eba\u6765\u6e90\u3001\u5de5\u65f6\u3001\u85aa\u916c\u3001\u798f\u5229\u3001\u5de5\u5382\u7ba1\u7406\u3001\u52b3\u52a8\u5f3a\u5ea6\u3001\u5bb6\u5ead\u751f\u6d3b\u3001\u6587\u5316\u6c34\u5e73\u3001\u5b97\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\u3001\u5de5\u5e2e\u3001\u9769\u547d\u610f\u8bc6\uff0c\u5316\u540d\u6731\u90a6\u5174\u7b49\u7f16\u8f91\u300a\u4e0a\u6d77\u4ea7\u4e1a\u4e0e\u4e0a\u6d77\u804c\u5de5\u300b\uff081939\u5e74\u5047\u6258\u9999\u6e2f\u8fdc\u4e1c\u51fa\u7248\u793e\u51fa\u7248\uff09\u4e00\u4e66\u3002<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u3000\u3000\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7814\u7a76\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5404\u5177\u5b66\u672f\u6027\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u6027\u3001\u5b97\u6559\u6027\u3001\u56fd\u9645\u6027\u7b49\u8272\u5f69\uff0c\u4f46\u6709\u5171\u540c\u7279\u70b9\uff1a\u4e00\u662f\u5177\u6709\u6781\u5f3a\u7684\u63a2\u5bfb\u89e3\u51b3\u52b3\u8d44\u7ea0\u7eb7\u4e4b\u9053\u7684\u73b0\u5b9e\u76ee\u7684\u6027\uff1b\u4e8c\u662f\u4ee5\u8c03\u67e5\u5de5\u4eba\u751f\u4ea7\u3001\u751f\u6d3b\u72b6\u51b5\u4e0e\u52b3\u8d44\u51b2\u7a81\u65b9\u9762\u89c1\u957f\uff0c\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5177\u4f53\u6df1\u5165\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u6027\u5206\u6790\uff1b\u4e09\u662f\u591a\u5f3a\u8c03\u901a\u8fc7\u53d1\u5c55\u5de5\u4eba\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3001\u5efa\u7acb\u793e\u4f1a\u4fdd\u969c\u4f53\u5236\uff0c\u6765\u6539\u5584\u5de5\u4eba\u751f\u6d3b\u72b6\u51b5\u3002<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u3000\u3000\u6c11\u56fd\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u897f\u65b9\u4e0e\u65e5\u672c\u52b3\u52a8\u95ee\u9898\u4e13\u5bb6\u4fbf\u5f00\u59cb\u63a2\u7a76\u4e2d\u56fd\u52b3\u8d44\u5173\u7cfb\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u52b3\u52a8\u95ee\u9898\u4e13\u5bb6\u5173\u5fc3\u5e76\u591a\u6b21\u5728\u4e0a\u6d77\u79df\u754c\u5185\u5f00\u5c55\u5de5\u5382\u68c0\u67e5\u6cd5\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0cNym Wales\uff08\u539f\u540dHelen FoStcr Snow\uff09\u4e0e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5bb6Augusta Bertha Wagner\u66fe\u5206\u522b\u51fa\u7248\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u52b3\u5de5\u8fd0\u52a8\u300b\u4e0e\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u52b3\u52a8\u7acb\u6cd5\u300b\u3002\u524d\u8005\u4ee5\u540c\u60c5\u5de5\u4eba\u7684\u7acb\u573a\u9610\u8ff01922\u20141945\u5e74\u7684\u5de5\u8fd0\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u91cd\u89c6\u8d64\u8272\u5de5\u4f1a\u547d\u8fd0\u3002\u30107\u3011\u540e\u8005\u5168\u9762\u8bba\u8ff0\u6297\u6218\u524d\u5404\u7c7b\u52b3\u52a8\u7acb\u6cd5\uff0c\u5bf9\u5de5\u5382\u6cd5\u4e0d\u80fd\u5728\u4e0a\u6d77\u79df\u754c\u5168\u9762\u5b9e\u65bd\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u5c24\u6709\u8be6\u8bba\u3002\u30108\u3011Adelaide Anderson\u4e0eEleanor M\uff0eHinder\u4ee5\u4eb2\u5386\u8005\u3001\u5de5\u4e1a\u8c03\u67e5\u4eba\u3001\u52b3\u5de5\u798f\u5229\u4e13\u5bb6\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\uff0c\u64b0\u5199\u300a\u4eba\u6027\u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd\u52b3\u5de5\u300b\u3001\u300a\u4e0a\u6d77\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0e\u5de5\u4e1a\u95ee\u9898\u300b\u3001\u300a\u4e0a\u6d77\u52b3\u5de5\u751f\u6d3b\u300b\uff0c\u8bb0\u8f7d\u3001\u5206\u679020\u4e16\u7eaa20\u201440\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u52b3\u5de5\u751f\u8ba1\u53ca\u5176\u6210\u56e0\u3002\u30109\u3011Israel EP stein\u6240\u8457\u300a\u4e2d\u534e\u6c11\u56fd\u52b3\u5de5\u95ee\u9898\u8bb0\u5f55\u300b\uff0c\u4ecb\u7ecd\u3001\u6279\u8bc4\u6297\u6218\u65f6\u671f\u52b3\u5de5\u72b6\u51b5\u4e0e\u5b98\u65b9\u5f3a\u786c\u4e14\u4e0d\u5207\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u5e76\u9644\u6709\u7f8e\u56fd\u9a7b\u6caa\u9886\u4e8bJulian R\uff0eFricdman\u5173\u4e8e1945\u20141948\u5e74\u95f4\u5de5\u4eba\u60c5\u51b5\u62a5\u544a\u3002\u301010\u3011<\/p>\n<p 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align=\"justify\">\u3000\u3000\u30104\u3011\u9a6c\u8d85\u4fca\u3001\u4f59\u957f\u6cb3\uff1a\u300a\u6bd4\u8f83\u52b3\u52a8\u653f\u7b56\u300b\uff08\u4e0a\u3001\u4e0b\uff09\uff0c\u91cd\u5e86\uff1a\u5546\u52a1\u5370\u4e66\u9986\uff0c1942\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c719\u2014723\u3001730\u2014736\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u3000\u3000\u30105\u3011\u960e\u9521\u5c71\uff1a\u300a\u52b3\u8d44\u5408\u4e00\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u4e0e\u5b9e\u65bd\u7a3f\u672c\u300b\uff0c\u592a\u539f\uff1a\u592a\u539f\u52b3\u8d44\u5408\u4e00\u7814\u7a76\u4f1a\uff0c1930\u5e74\uff0c\u201c\u5e8f\u201d\uff0c\u7b2c2\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u3000\u3000\u30106\u3011\u9648\u5b97\u57ce\uff1a\u300a\u52b3\u5de5\u8bba\u6587\u62fe\u96f6\u300b\uff08\u65e0\u51fa\u7248\u4fe1\u606f\uff09\u3001\u300a\u56fd\u9645\u52b3\u5de5\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd\u300b\uff08\u300a\u4e1c\u65b9\u6742\u5fd7\u300b\u7b2c25\u5377\u7b2c19\u53f7\uff0c1928\u5e7410\u670810\u65e5\uff09\uff1b\u7a0b\u6d77\u5cf0\uff1a\u300a\u56fd\u9645\u52b3\u5de5\u7ec4\u7ec7\u300b\uff08\u5357\u4eac\uff1a\u6b63\u4e2d\u4e66\u5c40\uff0c1944\u5e74\uff09\u3001\u300a\u4e00\u4e5d\u4e09\u4e03\u5e74\u4e4b\u4e2d\u56fd\u52b3\u5de5\u754c\u300b\uff08\u65e0\u51fa\u7248\u4fe1\u606f\uff09\u3001\u300a\u4e00\u4e5d\u4e09\u4e94\u5e74\u4e4b\u4e2d\u56fd\u52b3\u5de5\u754c\u300b\uff08\u300a\u4e1c\u65b9\u6742\u5fd7\u300b\u7b2c33\u5377\u7b2c17\u53f7\uff0c1936\u5e749\u67081\u65e5\uff09\u3001\u300a\u4e00\u5e74\u6765\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u52b3\u5de5\u300b\uff08\u300a\u52b3\u5de5\u6708\u520a\u300b\u7b2c4\u5377\u7b2c1\u671f\uff0c1935\u5e741\u67081\u65e5\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u3000\u3000\u30107\u3011Nym Wales\uff0cThe Chinese Labor Movement\uff0cNew York\uff1a The John Day Company\uff0c1945\uff0e<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u3000\u3000\u30108\u3011Augusta Bertha Wagner\uff0cLabor Legigslation in China\uff0c Peking\uff1aYenching University\uff0c1938\uff0e<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u3000\u3000\u30109\u3011Adelmde Mary Anderson\uff0eHumanity and Labour in China: A n Industrial Visit and Its Sequel\uff081923 to 1926\uff09\uff0cLondon\uff1aStudent Christian Movement\uff0c1928\uff1bEleanor M\uff0eHinder\uff0cSocial and Indus trial Problems of Shanghai\uff0cNew York\uff1aInternational Secretariat\uff0c Institute of Pacific Relations\uff0c1942\uff1bEleanor M\uff0eHinder\uff0cLife and Labour in Shanghai\uff1aA Decades of Labour and Social Adminis tration in the International Settlement\uff0cNew York\uff1aInternational Secretariat\uff0cInstitute of Pacific Relations\uff0c1944\uff0e<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u3000\u3000\u301010\u3011Israel Epstein\uff0cNotes on the Labor Problems in Nationalist China,New York\uff1aInternational Secmtarlat\uff0cInstitute of Pacific Relations\uff0c1949\uff0e<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u3000\u3000\u301011\u3011\u8be6\u89c1\u9648\u660e\u92b6\uff1a\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u52b3\u5de5\u8fd0\u52a8\u53f2\u7814\u7a76\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u516d\u5341\u5e74\u6765\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u8fd1\u4ee3\u53f2\u7814\u7a76\u300b\u4e0b\u518c\uff0c\u7b2c616\u2014622\u9875\uff1b\u5218\u6676\u82b3\u300a\u5de5\u4eba\u8fd0\u52a8\u53f2\u300b\u3001\u300a\u4e5d\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u8fd1\u4ee3\u5de5\u8fd0\u53f2\u7814\u7a76\u8ff0\u8bc4\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u3000\u3000\u301012\u3011\u6709\u5173\u8bc4\u4ef7\u8be6\u89c1\u5218\u660e\u9035\uff1a\u300a&lt;\u4e1c\u5317\u5de5\u4eba\u8fd0\u52a8\u53f2\u7eb2&gt;\u8bfb\u540e\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u8fd1\u4ee3\u53f2\u7814\u7a76\u300b1992\u5e74\u7b2c5\u671f\u3002<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u3000\u3000\u301013\u3011\u9976\u4e1c\u8f89\uff1a\u300a\u5357\u4eac\u56fd\u6c11\u653f\u5e9c\u52b3\u52a8\u7acb\u6cd5\u7814\u7a76\u300b\uff0c\u535a\u58eb\u5b66\u4f4d\u8bba\u6587\uff0c\u534e\u4e2d\u5e08\u8303\u5927\u5b66\u4e2d\u56fd\u8fd1\u4ee3\u53f2\u7814\u7a76\u6240\uff0c1997\u5e74\u3002<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u3000\u3000\u301014\u3011\u5218\u6676\u82b3\u5728\u300a\u5de5\u4eba\u8fd0\u52a8\u53f2\u300b\u4e0e\u300a\u4e5d\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u8fd1\u4ee3\u5de5\u8fd0\u53f2\u7814\u7a76\u8ff0\u8bc4\u300b\u4e2d\u5bf9\u6b64\u6709\u8be6\u7ec6\u8bc4\u6790\uff0c\u6055\u4e0d\u8d58\u8ff0\u3002\u6b64\u5916\u8f83\u6709\u4ee3\u8868\u6027\u8bba\u6587\u5c1a\u6709\uff1a\u5218\u6676\u82b3\u300a\u571f\u5730\u9769\u547d\u6218\u4e89\u65f6\u671f\u5218\u5c11\u5947\u5bf9\u767d\u533a\u5de5\u8fd0\u7b56\u7565\u7684\u63a2\u7d22\u300b\uff08\u300a\u6c5f\u6c49\u8bba\u575b\u300b2000\u5e74\u7b2c2\u671f\uff09\u3001\u675c\u4e07\u542f\u300a\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u653f\u5e9c1929\u5e74&lt;\u5de5\u4f1a\u6cd5&gt;\u8ff0\u8bc4\u300b\uff08\u300a\u5de5\u8fd0\u300b1992\u5e74\u603b\u7b2c15\u671f\uff09\u3002\u5f90\u601d\u5f66\u5728\u300a20\u4e16\u7eaa20\u5e74\u4ee3\u52b3\u8d44\u7ea0\u7eb7\u95ee\u9898\u521d\u63a2\u300b\uff08\u300a\u5386\u53f2\u7814\u7a76\u300b1992\u5e74\u7b2c5\u671f\uff09\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u5546\u4f1a\u7b49\u8d44\u65b9\u56e2\u4f53\u4e0e\u52b3\u8d44\u7ea0\u7eb7\u6848\u4f8b\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u7740\u91cd\u63a2\u8ba8\u8d44\u672c\u5bb6\u3001\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u5bf9\u52b3\u8d44\u5173\u7cfb\u548c\u52b3\u8d44\u7ea0\u7eb7\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u3001\u4e3b\u5f20\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u653f\u6743\u6709\u5173\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u6f14\u53d8\u3002<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u3000\u3000\u301015\u3011\u674e\u65f6\u5cb3\uff1a\u300a\u8f9b\u4ea5\u9769\u547d\u524d\u540e\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u5de5\u4eba\u8fd0\u52a8\u548c\u4e2d\u534e\u6c11\u56fd\u5de5\u515a\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u53f2\u5b66\u96c6\u520a\u300b1957\u5e74\u7b2c1\u671f\u3002<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u3000\u3000\u301016\u3011\u9648\u660e\u92b6\uff1a\u300a\u6c11\u56fd\u521d\u5e74\u52b3\u5de5\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u518d\u8bc4\u4f30\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u4e2d\u534e\u6c11\u56fd\u521d\u671f\u5386\u53f2\u7814\u8ba8\u4f1a\u8bba\u6587\u96c6\uff081912\u20141927\uff09\u300b\u4e0b\u518c\uff0c\u53f0\u5317\uff1a\u201c\u4e2d\u592e\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u201d\u8fd1\u4ee3\u53f2\u7814\u7a76\u6240\uff0c1984\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c875\u2014891\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u3000\u3000\u301017\u3011\u8d56\u6cfd\u6db5\uff1a\u300a\u6218\u524d\u6211\u56fd\u7684\u52b3\u5de5\u8fd0\u52a8\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u6297\u6218\u524d\u5341\u5e74\u56fd\u5bb6\u5efa\u8bbe\u53f2\u7814\u8ba8\u4f1a\u8bba\u6587\u96c6\uff081928\u20141937\uff09\u300b\u4e0a\u518c\uff0c\u53f0\u5317\uff1a\u201c\u4e2d\u592e\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u201d\u8fd1\u4ee3\u53f2\u7814\u7a76\u6240\uff0c1984\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c143\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u3000\u3000\u301018\u3011\u5218\u77f3\u5409\uff1a\u300a\u4e00\u4e5d\u4e8c\u56db\u5e74\u4e0a\u6d77\u5fbd\u5e2e\u58a8\u5320\u7f62\u5de5\u98ce\u6f6e\u2014\u2014\u8fd1\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u57ce\u5e02\u624b\u827a\u5de5\u4eba\u96c6\u4f53\u884c\u52a8\u4e4b\u5206\u6790\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u8fd1\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u533a\u57df\u53f2\u7814\u8ba8\u4f1a\u8bba\u6587\u96c6\u300b\u4e0a\u518c\uff0c\u53f0\u5317\uff1a\u201c\u4e2d\u592e\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u201d\u8fd1\u4ee3\u53f2\u7814\u7a76\u6240\uff0c1986\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c411-427\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u3000\u3000\u301019\u3011\u90d1\u4e3a\u5143\uff1a\u300a\u7f62\u5de5\u5de5\u4eba\u4e4b\u8bc9\u6c42\u4e0e\u52b3\u5de5\u8fd0\u52a8\u4e4b\u5174\u8870\uff1a\u6297\u6218\u524d\u4e2d\u56fd\u5de5\u8fd0\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u4e2d\u592e\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u6c11\u65cf\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u96c6\u520a\u300b\u7b2c58\u671f\uff0c\u53f0\u5317\uff1a\u201c\u4e2d\u592e\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u201d\u6c11\u65cf\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u6240\uff0c1984\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c193\u2014224\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u3000\u3000\u301020\u3011Jean Chesneaux\uff0cThe Chinese Labor Movement\uff0c1919\u20141927\uff0cTranslated from the French by H\uff0eM\uff0eWright\uff0cStanford\uff0eCal ifomia\uff1aStanford University Press\uff0c1968\u3002\u7b2c6\u7ae0\u5171\u67096\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u8be5\u6587\u8bd1\u81ea\u5bfc\u8bba\u3001\u7b2c1\u8282\u3001\u7b2c2\u8282\u548c\u7b2c5\u8282\u3002<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u3000\u3000\u301021\u3011\u4e2d\u5171\u4e0a\u6d77\u5e02\u59d4\u515a\u53f2\u7814\u7a76\u5ba4\uff1a\u300a\u4e0a\u6d77\u6559\u5e08\u8fd0\u52a8\u53f2\uff081919\u20141949\uff09\u300b\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u4e2d\u5171\u515a\u53f2\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2007\u5e74\u3002<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u3000\u3000\u301022\u3011\u6731\u534e\u7b49\uff1a\u300a\u83b7\u5f97\u6743\u5a01\uff1a\u4e0a\u6d77\u5730\u4e0b\u515a\u7fa4\u4f17\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u7ecf\u9a8c<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u3000\u3000\u4e0e\u542f\u793a\u300b\uff0c\u4e0a\u6d77\uff1a\u4e0a\u6d77\u4eba\u6c11\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2009\u5e74\u3002<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u3000\u3000\u301023\u3011\u9ad8\u7231\u5a23\uff1a\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5de5\u4eba\u8fd0\u52a8\u53f2\u300b\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u4e2d\u56fd\u52b3\u52a8\u793e\u4f1a\u4fdd\u969c\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2008\u5e74\u3002<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u3000\u3000\u301024\u3011\u738b\u5947\u751f\uff1a\u300a\u5de5\u4eba\u3001\u8d44\u672c\u5bb6\u4e0e\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u2014\u201420\u4e16\u7eaa30\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e00\u4f8b\u52b3\u8d44\u7ea0\u7eb7\u7684\u4e2a\u6848\u5206\u6790\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u5386\u53f2\u7814\u7a76\u300b2001\u5e74\u7b2c5\u671f\u3002<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u3000\u3000\u301025\u3011\u738b\u4ef2\uff1a\u300a\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u4e0e\u5546\u4f1a\uff1a\u4e00\u4f8b\u52b3\u8d44\u7ea0\u7eb7\u6848\u6298\u5c04\u51fa\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u653f\u6743\u5efa\u7acb\u540e\u5546\u4f1a\u6743\u5229\u7684\u6ca6\u4e27\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u534e\u4e1c\u7406\u5de5\u5927\u5b66\u5b66\u62a5\u300b2003\u5e74\u7b2c3\u671f\u3002<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u3000\u3000\u301026\u3011\u9ece\u971e\uff1a\u300a\u8fd1\u4ee3\u6b66\u6c49\u7801\u5934\u5de5\u4eba\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u4e0e\u53d1\u5c55\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u6c5f\u6c49\u8bba\u575b\u300b2008\u5e74\u7b2c10\u671f\uff1b\u300a\u6c11\u56fd\u65f6\u671f\u6b66\u6c49\u7801\u5934\u52b3\u8d44\u7ea0\u7eb7\u53ca\u5176\u5f71\u54cd\uff081927\u20141937\uff09\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u534e\u4e2d\u5e08\u8303\u5927\u5b66\u5b66\u62a5\u300b2007\u5e74\u7b2c6\u671f\uff1b\u300a\u8d1f\u8377\u4eba\u751f\uff1a\u6c11\u56fd\u65f6\u671f\u6b66\u6c49\u7801\u5934\u5de5\u4eba\u7814\u7a76\u300b\uff0c\u6b66\u6c49\uff1a\u6e56\u5317\u4eba\u6c11\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0e2008\u5e74\u3002<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u3000\u3000\u301027\u3011\u51af\u7b71\u624d\uff1a\u300a\u52b3\u8d44\u51b2\u7a81\u4e0e\u201c\u56db\u4e00\u4e8c\u201d\u524d\u540e\u6c5f\u6d59\u5730\u533a\u7684\u515a\u5546\u5173\u7cfb\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u53f2\u6797\u300b2005\u5e74\u7b2c1\u671f\u3002<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u3000\u3000\u301028\u3011\u5434\u5fd7\u56fd\uff1a\u300a\u7531\u5bf9\u6297\u5230\u5bf9\u8bdd\u7684\u80cc\u540e\uff1a\u6c11\u521d\u5929\u6d25\u978b\u4e1a\u52b3\u8d44\u7ea0\u7eb7\u7684\u4e2a\u6848\u5206\u6790\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u7389\u6eaa\u5e08\u8303\u5b66\u9662\u5b66\u62a5\u300b2005\u5e74\u7b2c11\u671f\u3002<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u3000\u3000\u301029\u3011\u7530\u5f64\uff1a\u300a\u56fd\u9645\u52b3\u5de5\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e0e\u5357\u4eac\u56fd\u6c11\u653f\u5e9c\uff081927\u20141937\uff09\u2014\u2014\u4ece\u6539\u5584\u52b3\u8d44\u5173\u7cfb\u89d2\u5ea6\u7740\u773c\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u6d59\u6c5f\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u300b2008\u5e74\u7b2c1\u671f\u3002<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u3000\u3000\u301030\u3011\u6c6a\u534e\uff1a\u300a\u52b3\u8d44\u51b2\u7a81\u89c6\u91ce\u4e0b\u793e\u4f1a\u4fdd\u969c\u6709\u6548\u6027\u4e0e\u5408\u7406\u6027\u7684\u53cd\u601d\u2014\u2014\u57fa\u4e8e\u6c11\u56fd\u65f6\u671f\u4e0a\u6d77\u793e\u4f1a\u4fdd\u969c\u7684\u4e00\u9879\u5b9e\u8bc1\u7814\u7a76\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u534e<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u3000\u3000\u4e2d\u79d1\u679d\u5927\u5b66\u5b66\u62a5\u300b2008\u5e74\u7b2c2\u671f\u3002<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u3000\u3000\u301031\u3011\u7530\u5f64\uff1a\u300a\u5b9d\u6210\u4e09\u516b\u5236\u4e0e\u52b3\u8d44\u5173\u7cfb\u2014\u2014\u517c\u8bba1929\u5e74&lt;\u5de5\u5382\u6cd5&gt;\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u6d59\u6c5f\u5b66\u520a\u300b2009\u5e74\u7b2c1\u671f\u3002<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u3000\u3000\u301032\u3011\u9648\u7af9\u541b\uff1a\u300a\u5357\u4eac\u56fd\u6c11\u653f\u5e9c\u52b3\u5de5\u798f\u5229\u653f\u7b56\u7814\u7a76\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u6c5f\u6c49\u8bba\u575b\u300b2002\u5e74\u7b2c6\u671f\u3002<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u3000\u3000\u301033\u3011\u970d\u65b0\u5bbe\uff1a\u300a\u4e92\u52a9\u4e0e\u5408\u4f5c\uff1a\u5e7f\u5dde\u5927\u5143\u5e05\u5e9c\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u5de5\u5546\u5173\u7cfb\u300b\u3002\u300a\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u300b2006\u5e74\u7b2c5\u671f\u3002<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u3000\u3000\u301034\u3011\u970d\u65b0\u5bbe\uff1a\u300a\u201c\u65e0\u60c5\u9e21\u201d\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff1a\u56fd\u6c11\u9769\u547d\u540e\u671f\u52b3\u8d44\u7ea0\u7eb7\u7684\u5b9e\u8bc1\u8003\u5bdf\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u8fd1\u4ee3\u53f2\u7814\u7a76\u300b2007\u5e74\u7b2c1\u671f\u3002<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u3000\u3000\u301035\u3011\u9b4f\u6587\u4eab\uff1a\u300a\u96c7\u4e3b\u56e2\u4f53\u4e0e\u52b3\u8d44\u5173\u7cfb\u2014\u2014\u8fd1\u4ee3\u5de5\u5546\u540c\u4e1a\u516c\u4f1a\u4e0e\u52b3\u8d44\u7ea0\u7eb7\u7684\u5904\u7406\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u5b89\u5fbd\u53f2\u5b66\u300b2005\u5e74\u7b2c5\u671f\u3002<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u3000\u3000\u301036\u3011\u5f90\u601d\u5f66\uff1a\u300a\u5408\u4f5c\u4e0e\u51b2\u7a81\uff1a\u52b3\u8d44\u7ea0\u7eb7\u4e2d\u7684\u8d44\u672c\u5bb6\u9636\u7ea7\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u5b89\u5fbd\u53f2\u5b66\u300b2007\u5e74\u7b2c6\u671f\u3002<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u3000\u3000\u301037\u3011\u7530\u5f64\uff1a\u300a\u5357\u4eac\u56fd\u6c11\u653f\u5e9c\u65f6\u671f\uff081927\u20141937\uff09\u52b3\u8d44\u4e89\u8bae\u603b\u4f53\u6982\u8ff0\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u8fd1\u4ee3\u53f2\u5b66\u520a\u300b\uff0c\u6b66\u6c49\uff1a\u534e\u4e2d\u5e08\u8303\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2006\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c127\u2014128\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u3000\u3000\u301038\u3011\u7530\u5f64\uff1a\u300a\u76ee\u7684\u4e0e\u7ed3\u679c\u4e24\u6b67\uff1a\u4ece\u52b3\u8d44\u5408\u4f5c\u5230\u9636\u7ea7\u6597\u4e89\uff081927\u20141937\uff09\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u5b66\u672f\u6708\u520a\u300b2009\u5e74\u7b2c9\u671f\u3002<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u3000\u3000\u301039\u3011\u9ec4\u5cad\u5cfb\uff1a\u300a\u5de5\u4eba\u51b2\u7a81\u3001\u653f\u5e9c\u4ecb\u4eba\u4e0e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u79e9\u5e8f\u2014\u2014\u4ee520\u4e16\u7eaa40\u5e74\u4ee3\u540e\u671f\u6b66\u6c49\u5730\u533a\u7801\u5934\u7ea0\u7eb7\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u8003\u5bdf\u300b\uff08\u4e0a\u3001\u4e0b\uff09\uff0c\u300a\u957f\u6c5f\u8bba\u575b\u300b2007\u5e74\u7b2c6\u671f\u30012008\u5e74\u7b2c1\u671f\u3002<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u3000\u3000\u301040\u3011\u5218\u4e3d\u534e\u3001\u4f55\u519b\uff1a\u300a\u79d1\u5b66\u7ba1\u7406\u8fd0\u52a8\u5174\u8d77\u539f\u56e0\u65b0\u63a2\u2014\u2014\u4ece\u52b3\u8d44\u4e92\u52a8\u5173\u7cfb\u770b\u79d1\u5b66\u7ba1\u7406\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u5174\u8d77\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u6c88\u9633\u5e08\u8303\u5927\u5b66\u5b66\u62a5\u300b2005\u5e74\u7b2c1\u671f\uff1b\u9ad8\u8d85\u7fa4\uff1a\u300a\u79d1\u5b66\u7ba1\u7406\u6539\u9769\u4e0e\u52b3\u8d44\u5173\u7cfb\u2014\u2014\u4ee5\u7533\u65b0\u4e09\u5382\u548c\u6c11\u751f\u516c\u53f8\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53f2\u7814\u7a76\u300b2008\u5e74\u7b2c3\u671f\u3002<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u3000\u3000\u301041\u3011\u8d75\u6653\u9633\uff1a\u300a\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4f1a\u4e0e\u52b3\u5de5\u95ee\u9898\u2014\u2014\u4ee5\u4e0a\u6d77\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u5973\u9752\u5e74\u4f1a\u5973\u5de5\u591c\u6821\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u300b\uff0c\u201c\u6027\u522b\u4e0e\u5386\u53f2\uff1a\u8fd1\u4ee3\u5987\u5973\u4e0e\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u201d\u5b66\u672f\u7814\u8ba8\u4f1a\uff082005\u5e74\uff09\u8bba\u6587\uff1b\u949f\u5723\u59ae\uff1a\u300a\u8fd1\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u6c11\u4f17\u56e2\u4f53\u4e0e\u57ce\u5e02\u5973\u5de5\u2014\u2014\u4ee5\u4e2d\u534e\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u5973\u9752\u5e74\u4f1a\u7684\u52b3\u5de5\u4e8b\u4e1a\u4e3a\u4f8b\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u4e1c\u5cb3\u8bba\u4e1b\u300b2005\u5e74\u7b2c3\u671f\u3002<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u3000\u3000\u301042\u3011\u88f4\u5b9c\u7406\uff1a\u300a\u4e0a\u6d77\u7f62\u5de5\u2014\u2014\u4e2d\u56fd\u5de5\u4eba\u653f\u6cbb\u7814\u7a76\u300b\uff0c\u5218\u5e73\u8bd1\uff0c\u5357\u4eac\uff1a\u6c5f\u82cf\u4eba\u6c11\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2001\u5e74\u3002<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u3000\u3000\u301043\u3011Elizabeth J\uff0ePerry\uff0cPatrolling the Revolution\uff1aW orker Militias\uff0cCitizenship and the Modem Chinese State\uff0cLanham\uff1a Rowman &amp; Littlefield Publishers\uff0cInc\uff0e\uff0c2006\uff0e<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u3000\u3000\u301044\u3011\u5e9e\u767e\u817e\uff1a\u300a\u6e05\u672b\u52b3\u8d44\u5173\u7cfb\u4e0e\u52b3\u5de5\u884c\u52a8\u300b\uff0c\u725b\u5927\u52c7\u7b49\u7f16\uff1a\u300a\u4e2d\u5916\u5b66\u8005\u7eb5\u8bba20\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u300b\uff0c\u5357\u660c\uff1a\u6c5f\u897f\u4eba\u6c11\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2003\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c193\u2014214\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u3000\u3000\u301045\u3011\u5e9e\u767e\u817e\uff1a\u300a\u8f9b\u4ea5\u9769\u547d\u524d\u5915\u7684\u5de5\u4e1a\u52b3\u8d44\u5173\u7cfb\u300b\uff0c\u6797\u542f\u5f66\u7b49\u7f16\uff1a\u300a\u6709\u5fd7\u7adf\u6210\u2014\u2014\u5b59\u4e2d\u5c71\u3001\u8f9b\u4ea5\u9769\u547d\u4e0e\u8fd1\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u300b\uff08\u4e0a\uff09\uff0c\u9999\u6e2f\uff1a\u9999\u6e2f\u65b9\u821f\u673a\u6784\u6709\u9650\u516c\u53f8\uff0c2005\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c274\u2014303\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u3000\u3000\u301046\u3011\u9ad8\u5bb6\u9f99\uff1a\u300a\u5927\u516c\u53f8\u4e0e\u5173\u7cfb\u7f51\uff1a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5883\u5185\u7684\u897f\u65b9\u3001\u65e5\u672c\u548c\u534e\u5546\u5927\u4f01\u4e1a\uff081880\u4e001937\uff09\u300b\uff0c\u7a0b\u9e9f\u836a\u8bd1\uff0c\u4e0a\u6d77\uff1a\u4e0a\u6d77\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u9662\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2002\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c172\u3001168\u3001171\u3001141\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u3000\u3000\u301047\u3011\u6768\u653e\uff1a\u300a\u5b9e\u65bd\u52b3\u5de5\u6559\u80b2\u520d\u8bae\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u52b3\u5de5\u6708\u520a\u300b\u7b2c1\u5377\u7b2c2\u671f\uff0c1932\u5e745\u670815\u65e5\uff1b\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u52b3\u5de5\u4e4b\u73b0\u72b6\u2014\u2014\u9648\u5b97\u57ce\u5728\u91cc\u6602\u4e2d\u6cd5\u5927\u5b66\u6f14\u8bb2\u8bcd\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u52b3\u52a8\u5b63\u62a5\u300b\u7b2c5\u671f\uff0c1935\u5e745\u670810\u65e5\u3002<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u3000\u3000\u301048\u3011\u5b9e\u4e1a\u90e8\u603b\u52a1\u53f8\u5546\u4e1a\u53f8\uff1a\u300a\u5168\u56fd\u5de5\u5546\u4f1a\u8bae\u6c47\u7f16\uff081931\uff09\u300b\uff08\u4e0b\uff09\uff0c\u6c88\u4e91\u9f99\u4e3b\u7f16\uff1a\u300a\u8fd1\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u53f2\u6599\u4e1b\u520a\u300b\u7b2c3\u7f16\u7b2c20\u8f91\u7b2c196\u518c\uff0c\u7b2c4\u7f16\uff0c\u7b2c19\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u3000\u3000\u301049\u3011\u9648\u6da6\u4e1c\uff1a\u300a\u4eca\u5e74\u4e94\u4e00\u8282\u5e94\u5e86\u795d\u653f\u5e9c\u5b9e\u65bd\u52b3\u5de5\u6559\u80b2\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u4e2d\u534e\u90ae\u5de5\u300b\u7b2c1\u5377\u7b2c2\u30013\u518c\u5408\u520a\uff0c1935\u5e745\u67085\u65e5\u3002<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u3000\u3000\u301050\u3011\u5f20\u5fe0\u6c11\u3001\u6731\u5a77\uff1a\u300a\u5357\u4eac\u56fd\u6c11\u653f\u5e9c\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u56fd\u6709\u4f01\u4e1a\uff081927\u20141949\uff09\u300b\uff0c\u4e0a\u6d77\uff1a\u4e0a\u6d77\u8d22\u7ecf\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2007\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c394\u3001393\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u3000\u3000\u301051\u3011\u5f20\u745e\u5fb7\uff1a\u300a\u6218\u4e89\u4e0e\u5de5\u4eba\u6587\u5316\u2014\u2014\u6297\u6218\u65f6\u671f\u5927\u540e\u65b9\u5de5\u4eba\u7684\u8ba4\u540c\u95ee\u9898\u300b\uff0c\u9ec4\u514b\u6b66\uff1a\u300a\u4e2d\u592e\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u7b2c\u4e09\u5c4a\u56fd\u9645\u6c49\u5b66\u4f1a\u8bae\u8bba\u6587\u96c6\u5386\u53f2\u7ec4\uff08\u519b\u4e8b\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e0e\u6218\u4e89\uff09\u300b\uff0c\u53f0\u5317\uff1a\u201c\u4e2d\u592e\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u201d\u8fd1\u4ee3\u53f2\u7814\u7a76\u6240\uff0c2002\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c243\u2014268\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u3000\u3000\u301052\u3011\u8be6\u89c1\u7406\u67e5\u5fb7\uff0e\u6d77\u66fc\uff1a\u300a\u52b3\u8d44\u5173\u7cfb\u2014\u2014\u4e00\u79cd\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u5206\u6790\u6846\u67b6\u300b\uff0c\u9ed1\u542f\u660e\u8bd1\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u4e2d\u56fd\u52b3\u52a8\u793e\u4f1a\u4fdd\u969c\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2008\u5e74\u3002<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\u3000\u3000\u301053\u3011\u6c64\u5b9c\u5e84\uff1a\u300a1927\u20141937\u5e74\u6c11\u65cf\u5de5\u4e1a\u547d\u9014\u6d45\u63a2\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u82cf\u5dde\u5927\u5b66\u5b66\u62a5\u300b1988\u5e74\u7b2c2\u671f\u3002<\/p>\n<p 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