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\u5982\u679c\u4ece\u5355\u7eaf\u7684\u6c11\u4e8b\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u7f62\u5de5\u8fd8\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u201c\u5360\u7740\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4e0d\u5de5\u4f5c\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u53ef\u5f62\u6210\u5bf9\u4e8e\u96c7\u4e3b\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u4fb5\u5bb3\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u7f62\u5de5\u6743\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u4eba\u6743\u7684\u6027\u8d28\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e00\u6743\u5229 \u6cd5\u5f8b\u4fdd\u969c\u7684\u5211\u4e8b\u514d\u8d23\u548c\u6c11\u4e8b\u514d\u8d23\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u5728\u6743\u5229\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u6743\u5229\u5177\u6709\u4f18\u5148\u884c\u4f7f\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u800c\u7f62\u5de5\u6743\u4f5c\u4e3a\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u6743\u5229\uff0c\u5c31\u5176\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6027\u8d28\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u8fd8\u5c5e\u4e8e\u517c\u5177\u516c\u6743 \u4e0e\u79c1\u6743\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u4e8e\u4e00\u8eab\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u6743\u7684\u8303\u7574\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u6743\u5229\u6240\u4f53\u73b0\u7684\u66f4\u662f\u4e0e\u6240\u6709\u6743\u76f8\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u7684\u751f\u5b58\u6743\uff0c\u800c\u201c\u751f\u5b58\u6743\u4f18\u4f4d\u201d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5f53\u4ee3\u6cd5\u5236\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u66f4\u8981\u4fdd\u8bc1\u7f62 \u5de5\u6743\u7684\u884c\u4f7f\u3002\u5f88\u663e\u7136\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4ee5\u539f\u59cb\u79ef\u7d2f\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u96c7\u4e3b\u773c\u5149\u6765\u8bc4\u4ef7\u7f62\u5de5\u53ca\u7f62\u5de5\u6743\u5229\uff0c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5df2\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e8e\u843d\u4f0d\u3002\u800c\u5982\u679c\u4ee5\u5355\u7eaf\u7684\u6c11\u4e8b\u5173\u7cfb\u751a\u81f3\u4e2a\u522b\u52b3\u52a8\u5173\u7cfb\u6765\u8bc4\u4ef7\u8fd9\u79cd\u96c6\u4f53\u4e89\u8bae \u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u6050\u6015\u4e5f\u662f\u4e0d\u5f97\u8981\u9886\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u5728\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7f62\u5de5\u548c\u7f62\u5de5\u6743\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u4e00\u822c\u6027\u5206\u6790\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6765\u5206\u6790\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u7f62\u5de5\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5173\u4e8e\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u7f62\u5de5\u7684\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5177\u4f53\u5206\u6790\u4e2d\u56fd\u7f62\u5de5\u7acb\u6cd5\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u53ca\u5176\u76f8\u5173\u6cd5\u5f8b\u89c4\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>\n

\u56fd\u9645\u793e\u4f1a\u5173\u4e8e\u7f62\u5de5\u7acb\u6cd5\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u5927\u81f4\u6709\u4e09\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\uff1a\u4e00\u79cd\u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u5728\u5baa\u6cd5\u4e2d\u89c4\u5b9a\u7f62\u5de5\u6743\u4e3a\u516c\u6c11\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6743\u5229\uff0c\u5982\u65e5\u672c\u3001\u97e9\u56fd\uff1b[11]\u4e00\u79cd\u662f\u5728\u52b3\u52a8\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e2d\u89c4\u5b9a\u7f62\u5de5\u6743\u5e76\u5177 \u4f53\u4e88\u4ee5\u89c4\u5236\uff0c\u5982\u6cd5\u56fd\u3001\u7f8e\u56fd\uff1b[12]\u4ee5\u4e0a\u4e24\u79cd\u90fd\u5c5e\u4e8e\u79ef\u6781\u7acb\u6cd5\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u518d\u4e00\u79cd\u662f\u6d88\u6781\u7acb\u6cd5\uff0c\u5982\u82f1\u56fd\uff0c\u6210\u6587\u6cd5\u53ea\u662f\u89c4\u5b9a\u4e86\u5de5\u4eba\u7684\u56e2\u7ed3\u6743\u548c\u8c08\u5224\u6743\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7f62\u5de5\u6743\u5219\u4e3b\u8981\u901a \u8fc7\u5224\u4f8b\u6765\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7f62\u5de5\u4e88\u4ee5\u89c4\u5236\u3002\u4f46\u8fd9\u79cd\u5206\u7c7b\u5e76\u975e\u7edd\u5bf9\uff0c\u5404\u7c7b\u7acb\u6cd5\u4e4b\u95f4\u5e76\u4e0d\u6392\u65a5\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u7f62\u5de5\u7acb\u6cd5\u6d89\u53ca\u591a\u79cd\u7acb\u6cd5\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u6211\u56fd\u7684\u7f62\u5de5\u7acb\u6cd5\u4e5f\u6d89\u53ca\u591a\u79cd\u7acb\u6cd5\u7c7b\u578b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6211\u56fd\u76ee\u524d\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6ca1\u6709\u5173\u4e8e\u516c\u6c11\u4eab\u6709\u7f62\u5de5\u6743\u7684\u660e\u786e\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u56fd\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4ece\u6765\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u5173\u4e8e\u7981\u6b62\u7f62\u5de5\u7684\u89c4\u5b9a\u3002\u4f9d\u7167\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u6cd5\u7406\u89c4\u5219\u201c\u6cd5\u65e0\u7981\u6b62\u5373\u8bb8\u53ef\u201d\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u516c\u6c11\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u53ea\u8981 \u6cd5\u5f8b\u6ca1\u6709\u660e\u6587\u7981\u6b62\uff0c\u4fbf\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7684\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u9700\u8981\u660e\u786e\u7684\u662f\uff1a\u4e2d\u56fd\u6ca1\u6709\u7981\u6b62\u7f62\u5de5\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u7f62\u5de5\u5e76\u4e0d\u8fdd\u6cd5\u3002\u6216\u8005\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u6ca1\u6709\u7f62\u5de5\u7f6a\u3002[13]<\/p>\n

\u5728\u5efa\u56fd\u540e\u7684\u56db\u90e8\u5baa\u6cd5\u4e2d\uff0c\u5173\u4e8e\u7f62\u5de5\u6743\u7684\u89c4\u5b9a\u662f\u6709\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u30021954\u5e74\u300a\u5baa\u6cd5\u300b\u5173\u4e8e\u516c\u6c11\u7684\u6743\u5229\u4e2d\u6ca1\u6709\u7f62\u5de5\u7684\u89c4\u5b9a\u30021975\u5e74\u300a\u5baa\u6cd5\u300b\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u201c\u516c\u6c11\u6709\u8a00\u8bba\u3001\u901a\u4fe1\u3001 \u51fa\u7248\u3001\u96c6\u4f1a\u3001\u7ed3\u793e\u3001\u6e38\u884c\u3001\u793a\u5a01\u3001\u7f62\u5de5\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u201d\u3002[14]1978\u5e74\u300a\u5baa\u6cd5\u300b\u4e5f\u89c4\u5b9a\uff1a\u201c\u516c\u6c11\u6709\u8a00\u8bba\u3001\u901a\u4fe1\u3001\u51fa\u7248\u3001\u96c6\u4f1a\u3001\u7ed3\u793e\u3001\u6e38\u884c\u3001\u793a\u5a01\u3001\u7f62\u5de5\u7684\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u6709\u8fd0 \u7528\u2018\u5927\u9e23\u3001\u5927\u653e\u3001\u5927\u8fa9\u8bba\u3001\u5927\u5b57\u62a5\u2019\u7684\u6743\u5229\u3002\u201d[15]1982\u5e74\u901a\u8fc7\u7684\u65b0\u5baa\u6cd5\u4e2d\uff0c\u5219\u53d6\u6d88\u4e86\u201c\u7f62\u5de5\u81ea\u7531\u201d\u7684\u89c4\u5b9a\u3002[16]<\/p>\n

1982\u5e74\u5baa\u6cd5\u53d6\u6d88\u7f62\u5de5\uff0c\u6709\u7740\u5f53\u65f6\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u80cc\u666f\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u5e76\u4e0d\u8868\u660e\u653f\u5e9c\u7981\u6b62\u7f62\u5de5\u3002[17]\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u5728\u5baa\u6cd5\u6ca1\u6709\u89c4\u5b9a\u7f62\u5de5\u6743\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u515a\u548c\u653f\u5e9c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7f62\u5de5\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u4e5f\u662f \u8ba4\u53ef\u7684\u30021954\u5e74\u300a\u5baa\u6cd5\u300b\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u4e2d\u5171\u4e2d\u592e\u57281957\u5e74\u53d1\u51fa\u7684\u300a\u5173\u4e8e\u5904\u7406\u7f62\u5de5\u7f62\u8bfe\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u6307\u793a\u300b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7f62\u5de5\u95ee\u9898\u660e\u786e\u89c4\u5b9a\u4e3a\uff1a\u201c\u5141\u8bb8\u7fa4\u4f17\u8fd9\u6837\u4f5c\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u7981\u6b62 \u7fa4\u4f17\u8fd9\u6837\u4f5c\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u7b2c\u4e00\uff0c\u7fa4\u4f17\u8fd9\u6837\u4f5c\u5e76\u4e0d\u8fdd\u53cd\u5baa\u6cd5\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u7406\u7531\u52a0\u4ee5\u7981\u6b62\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0c\u7528\u7981\u6b62\u7684\u529e\u6cd5\u4e0d\u80fd\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u201d\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u6001\u5ea6\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u5bf9\u4e8e \u5de5\u4eba\u7fa4\u4f17\u7684\u4fe1\u4efb\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4e5f\u8868\u660e\u4e86\u515a\u5728\u5904\u7406\u7f62\u5de5\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\u7684\u81ea\u4fe1\u5fc3\u3002<\/p>\n

\u800c\u4e14\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u662f\uff0c2001\u5e742\u6708\u5168\u56fd\u4eba\u5927\u5e38\u59d4\u4f1a\u6279\u51c6\u4e86\u300a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u53ca\u6587\u5316\u6743\u5229\u516c\u7ea6\u300b\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u516c\u7ea6\u7684\u7b2c\u516b\u6761\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b3e\uff08\u4e01\uff09\u9879\u89c4\u5b9a\uff1a\u201c\u6709\u6743\u7f62\u5de5\uff0c\u4f46\u5e94\u6309\u7167\u5404\u4e2a \u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u884c\u4f7f\u6b64\u9879\u6743\u5229\u3002\u201d\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u6279\u51c6\u8fd9\u4e00\u516c\u7ea6\u540c\u65f6\u53d1\u8868\u7684\u58f0\u660e\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e00\u5185\u5bb9\u4f5c\u51fa\u4fdd\u7559\u6216\u8005\u5176\u4ed6\u7279\u522b\u7684\u8bf4\u660e\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8fd9\u4e00\u56fd\u9645\u6cd5\u7684\u89c4\u5b9a\u8981\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u5177\u6709\u56fd\u5185\u6cd5 \u7684\u6548\u529b\uff0c\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u56fd\u5185\u7f62\u5de5\u7acb\u6cd5\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u4f46\u201c\u6709\u6743\u7f62\u5de5\u201d\u8fd9\u4e00\u56fd\u9645\u6cd5\u5f8b\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u5219\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u6240\u660e\u786e\u8ba4\u53ef\u7684\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e00\u516c\u7ea6\u7684\u53ef\u8bc9\u6027\u95ee\u9898\u5728\u56fd\u9645\u6cd5\u5b66\u754c\u4e00\u76f4\u5b58 \u5728\u7740\u4e89\u8bae\uff0c\u5176\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6761\u6587\u4e5f\u65e0\u6cd5\u5728\u6211\u56fd\u76f4\u63a5\u9002\u7528\u3002\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u56e0\u6b64\u800c\u5f97\u51fa\u7f62\u5de5\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u8fdd\u6cd5\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\uff0c\u5219\u662f\u6709\u610f\u65e0\u610f\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u5728\u56fd\u9645\u653f\u6cbb\u4e2d\u62b9\u9ed1\uff0c\u81f4\u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u5728\u56fd\u9645\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u5904 \u4e8e\u96be\u582a\u5883\u5730\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u201c\u6709\u6743\u7f62\u5de5\u201d\u7684\u8ba4\u53ef\uff0c\u66f4\u76f4\u63a5\u8868\u73b0\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u73b0\u884c\u7684\u6210\u6587\u6cd5\u4e2d\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5de5\u4eba\u7684\u7f62\u5de5\u6743\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u89c4\u5b9a\u30022001\u5e74\u300a\u5de5\u4f1a\u6cd5\u300b\u66f4\u5bf9\u4e8e1992\u5e74\u300a\u5de5\u4f1a \u6cd5\u300b\u4e2d\u5173\u4e8e\u505c\u5de5\u6020\u5de5\u7684\u89c4\u5b9a\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u4fee\u6539\uff0c\u5176\u80cc\u666f\u4e0e\u4eba\u5927\u6279\u51c6\u300a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u53ca\u6587\u5316\u6743\u5229\u516c\u7ea6\u300b\u76f4\u63a5\u76f8\u5173\u3002\u4fee\u6539\u540e\u7684\u8be5\u6cd5\u7b2c27\u6761\u89c4\u5b9a\uff1a\u201c\u4f01\u4e1a\u3001\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u53d1\u751f\u505c\u5de5\u3001\u6020 \u5de5\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u5de5\u4f1a\u5e94\u5f53\u4ee3\u8868\u804c\u5de5\u540c\u4f01\u4e1a\u3001\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u6216\u8005\u6709\u5173\u65b9\u9762\u534f\u5546\uff0c\u53cd\u6620\u804c\u5de5\u7684\u610f\u89c1\u548c\u8981\u6c42\u5e76\u63d0\u51fa\u89e3\u51b3\u610f\u89c1\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u804c\u5de5\u7684\u5408\u7406\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u4f01\u4e1a\u3001\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u5e94\u5f53\u4e88\u4ee5\u89e3\u51b3\u3002\u5de5 \u4f1a\u534f\u52a9\u4f01\u4e1a\u3001\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5355\u4f4d\u505a\u597d\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u5c3d\u5feb\u6062\u590d\u751f\u4ea7\u3001\u5de5\u4f5c\u79e9\u5e8f\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n

\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8fd9\u4e00\u89c4\u5b9a\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u662f\u201c\u505c\u5de5\u201d\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u5b9e\u8d28\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\uff0c\u201c\u505c\u5de5\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u7f62\u5de5\u201d\u5177\u6709\u540c\u7b49\u542b\u4e49\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u6cd5\u6761\u5171\u6709\u4e09\u5c42\u610f\u601d\uff0c\u505c\u5de5\u6020\u5de5\u4e8b\u4ef6\u53d1\u751f\u540e\uff0c\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u5de5\u4f1a\u201c\u5e94\u5f53\u201d \u4ee3\u8868\u804c\u5de5\u4e0e\u4f01\u4e1a\u534f\u5546\uff0c\u53cd\u6620\u804c\u5de5\u610f\u89c1\u8981\u6c42\uff1b\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u4f01\u4e1a\u201c\u5e94\u5f53\u201d\u89e3\u51b3\u5de5\u4eba\u7684\u5408\u7406\u8981\u6c42\uff1b\u518d\u6b21\uff0c\u5de5\u4f1a\u534f\u52a9\u505a\u597d\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u5c3d\u5feb\u6062\u590d\u751f\u4ea7\u79e9\u5e8f\u3002\u4ece\u6cd5\u5f8b\u89e3\u91ca\u5b66\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u5206\u6790\uff0c \u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u51fa\u4e24\u4e2a\u7ed3\u8bba\uff1a<\/p>\n

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\u7b14\u8005\u4e00\u76f4\u4e3b\u5f20\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7f62\u5de5\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u9075\u5faa\u201c\u7406\u6027\u5bf9\u5f85\uff0c\u6cd5\u6cbb\u89e3\u51b3\u201d\u7684\u539f\u5219\u3002\u5357\u6d77\u672c\u7530\u7b49\u7f62\u5de5\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u987a\u5229\u89e3\u51b3\uff0c\u5373\u662f\u9075\u5faa\u7740\u8fd9\u4e00\u539f\u5219\u5904\u7406\u7684\u3002\u672c\u6587\u6240\u8bba\u53ca\u7684\uff0c\u4ec5 \u662f\u5357\u6d77\u672c\u7530\u7f62\u5de5\u4e8b\u4ef6\u6240\u6d89\u53ca\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u4fa7\u9762\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u5357\u6d77\u672c\u7530\u4e8b\u4ef6\u6240\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u6cd5\u5f8b\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u603b\u7ed3\u8be5\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5904\u7406\u4e2d\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u6559\u8bad\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5b8c\u5584\u6211\u56fd\u7684\u7f62\u5de5\u7acb\u6cd5\uff0c\u7406\u6027\u5bf9\u5f85 \u548c\u6cd5\u6cbb\u89e3\u51b3\u4eca\u540e\u7684\u7f62\u5de5\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u8bf4\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3010\u4f5c\u8005\u7b80\u4ecb\u3011
\n\u5e38\u51ef\uff0c\u5355\u4f4d\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u6c11\u5927\u5b66\u3002<\/div>\n
\u3010\u6ce8\u91ca\u3011
\n[1]\u300a\u725b\u6d25\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5927\u8f9e\u5178\u300b\uff0c\u5149\u660e\u65e5\u62a5\u51fa\u7248\u793e1988\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c863\u9875\u3002
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