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\u672c \u6587\u7684\u8bba\u8bc1\u7ed3\u6784\u5c55\u5f00\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u7b14\u8005\u5c06\u8fd0\u7528\u5baa\u6cd5\u89e3\u91ca\u5b66\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u4ee5\u5baa\u6cd5\u6587\u672c\u4e3a\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5bf9\u6211\u56fd\u5baa\u6cd5\u52b3\u52a8\u6743\u89c4\u8303\u7684\u5185\u6db5\u8fdb\u884c\u9610\u8ff0\u4e0e\u63ed\u793a\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u79cd\u63ed\u793a\uff0c\u7b14\u8005\u5c06\u8868\u660e \u52b3\u52a8\u6743\u89c4\u8303\u7684\u5185\u6db5\u4e0d\u80fd\u7b80\u5355\u7528\u897f\u65b9\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u7acb\u573a\u4e0b\u57fa\u672c\u6743\u5229\u8c31\u7cfb\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u81ea\u7531\u6743\u201d\u6216\u201c\u793e\u4f1a\u6743\u201d\u6765\u6807\u8bc6\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8bed\u8bcd\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u542b\u4e49\u5e76\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5168\u76f8\u540c\uff1b\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u8981\u5206\u6790\u6b64\u79cd\u5dee \u5f02\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u6211\u4eec\u8ffd\u6eaf\u4ece\u82cf\u7ef4\u57c3\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u5baa\u6cd5\u6027\u6587\u4ef6\u5230\u65b0\u4e2d\u56fd\u5baa\u6cd5\u6027\u6587\u4ef6\u5236\u5b9a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u52b3\u52a8\u4e0e\u52b3\u52a8\u6743\u6240\u5177\u6709\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u529f\u80fd\u4e0e\u653f\u6cbb\u601d\u60f3\u624d\u80fd\u6e05\u6670\u7684\u5448\u73b0\uff0c\u7b14\u8005\u5c06\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e00\u90e8\u5206 \u5185\u5bb9\u8fdb\u884c\u68b3\u7406\uff0c\u4ee5\u51f8\u663e\u52b3\u52a8\u6743\u5728\u6211\u56fd\u9769\u547d\u4e0e\u5efa\u56fd\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u6027\u8d28\uff1b\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u7b14\u8005\u8981\u5728\u7b2c\u4e8c\u90e8\u5206\u68b3\u7406\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u8bf4\u660e\uff0c\u52b3\u52a8\u65e2\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6743\u5229\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u9879\u4e49\u52a1\u662f\u6211\u56fd\u5baa \u6cd5\u771f\u5b9e\u56fd\u5bb6\u4f26\u7406\u7684\u8868\u73b0\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u79cd\u56fd\u5bb6\u4f26\u7406\u9700\u8981\u5728\u4e00\u79cd\u76f8\u4e92\u627f\u8ba4\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\u624d\u80fd\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u52b3\u52a8\u7684\u53cc\u91cd\u6027\u5177\u6709\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u610f\u4e49\u4e0e\u6b63\u5f53\u6027\u5ba3\u79f0\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u5ba3\u793a\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e8c\u3001\u52b3\u52a8\u6743\u89c4\u8303\u542b\u4e49\u4e4b\u89e3\u91ca<\/p>\n

\uff08\u4e00\uff09\u52b3\u52a8\u6743\u3001\u52b3\u52a8\u6743\u89c4\u8303\u4e0e\u52b3\u52a8\u6743\u89c4\u8303\u4e4b\u9648\u8ff0<\/p>\n

\u5baa\u6cd5\u6743\u5229\uff08constitutional right\uff09\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u5f80\u5f80\u5fc5\u987b\u6709\u4e00\u6761\u6709\u6548\u7684\u5baa\u6cd5\u6743\u5229\u89c4\u8303\uff08constitutional right norm\uff09\u6765\u6388\u4e88\u3002[4]\u56e0\u6b64\u5bf9\u52b3\u52a8\u6743\u7684\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u9996\u5148\u627e\u5230\u5baa\u6cd5\u4e0a\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u6743\u89c4\u8303\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5206\u6790\u5baa\u6cd5\u52b3\u52a8\u6743\u89c4\u8303\u7684\u542b\u4e49\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u6211\u4eec\u9996\u5148\u56de\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u5143\u6982\u5ff5\u201d\uff08meta concept\uff09\uff1a\u89c4\u8303\uff08norm\uff09\u4e0a\u6765\u3002\u89c4\u8303\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u662f\u6240\u6709\u6cd5\u7406\u5b66\u6700\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6b67\u4e49\u4e1b\u51fa\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002[1]\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5b66\u79d1\u80cc\u666f\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u89c4\u8303\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u542b\u4e49\uff0c\u4e5f\u6267\u884c\u4e86\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u529f\u80fd[2]\uff0c\u4f46\u5bf9\u5b83\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u5206\u6790\u5219\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u8bed\u4e49\u7684\uff08semantic\uff09\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u89c4\u8303\uff08A norm\uff09\u548c\u89c4\u8303\u6027\u9648\u8ff0(a normative statement)\u7684\u533a\u5206\u662f\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u5206\u6790\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u963f\u5217\u514b\u897f\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u89c4\u8303\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u6761\u89c4\u8303\u6027\u9648\u8ff0\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u3002\u4e00\u6761\u89c4\u8303\u65e2\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u6761\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u89c4\u8303\u6027\u9648\u8ff0\u6765\u8868\u8fbe\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5176\u4ed6\u9648\u8ff0\u6765\u8868\u8fbe\u3002[3]\u5236\u5ea6\u6cd5\u5b66\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u4eba\u7269\u9b4f\u56e0\u8d1d\u683c\u5c14\u4e5f\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u89c4\u8303\u4e0d\u540c\u4e8e\u89c4\u8303\u6027\u9648\u8ff0\u3002\u89c4\u8303\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u65e2\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u6210\u6587\u7acb\u6cd5\u7684\u89c4\u8303\u6027\u9648\u8ff0\uff08\u5177\u4f53\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\u5404\u79cd\u6cd5\u6761\uff09\u6765\u4f53\u73b0\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b9e\u8df5\u7684\u4e60\u60ef\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u751f\u6d3b\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u963f\u5217\u514b\u897f\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5baa\u6cd5\u6743\u5229\u89c4\u8303\u5c31\u662f\u5baa\u6cd5\u6743\u5229\u89c4\u8303\u6027\u9648\u8ff0\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u5baa\u6cd5\u6743\u5229\u89c4\u8303\u6027\u9648\u8ff0\u603b\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u5baa\u6cd5\u6743\u5229\u6761\u6b3e\uff08constitutional right provision\uff09\u5b8c\u6574\u6216\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u8868\u8fbe\u51fa\u6765\u3002[4]\u95ee\u9898\u5728\u4e8e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7a76\u7adf\u5982\u4f55\u5224\u65ad\u4e00\u6761\u5baa\u6cd5\u6761\u6b3e\u662f\u5426\u5c5e\u4e8e\u7279\u5b9a\u5baa\u6cd5\u6743\u5229\u6761\u6b3e\uff1f\u963f\u5217\u514b\u897f\u9996\u5148\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e24\u4e2a\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u6807\u51c6\uff1a\u5b9e\u8d28\u6807\u51c6\uff08substantive\uff09\u4e0e\u7ed3\u6784\u6807\u51c6\uff08structural\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5b9e\u8d28\u6807\u51c6\u548c\u7ed3\u6784\u6807\u51c6\u65f6\u7acb\u8db3\u4e8e\u53e4\u5178\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u6743\u5229\u4fdd\u969c\u7684\u7acb\u573a\u6240\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u3002\u5b9e\u8d28\u6807\u51c6\u5176\u63f4\u7528\u65bd\u5bc6\u7279\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u201c\u5c5e\u4e8e\u6cd5\u6cbb\u4e4b\u4e0b\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e4b\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u6743\u5229\uff0c\u5373\u4e2a\u4eba\u81ea\u7531\u6743\u201d[5]\uff0c \u7ed3\u6784\u6807\u51c6\u5219\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6761\u6b3e\u5185\u90e8\u5305\u542b\u6709\u4e3b\u89c2\u6743\u5229\uff0c\u662f\u5bf9\u7279\u5b9a\u4e2a\u4f53\u7684\u4e3b\u89c2\u6743\u5229\u7684\u4fdd\u62a4\uff0c\u5373\u5177\u6709\u8bf7\u6c42\u6743\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u963f\u5217\u514b\u897f\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5728\u73b0\u4ee3\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff0c\u5b9e\u8d28\u6807\u51c6\u4e0e\u7ed3\u6784\u6807\u51c6\u90fd\u6709 \u7f3a\u9677\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u7f3a\u9677\u662f\uff1a\u73b0\u4ee3\u5baa\u6cd5\u4e0d\u662f\u4efb\u4f55\u5baa\u6cd5\u6761\u6b3e\u90fd\u5177\u6709\u57fa\u672c\u6743\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6761\u6b3e\u5374\u201c\u5728\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e0a\u4e0e\u6587\u672c\u4e0a\u4e0e\u4fdd\u969c\u4e3b\u89c2\u6743\u5229\u7684\u89c4\u8303\u5177\u6709\u9ad8\u5ea6\u7d27\u5bc6\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\u201d\uff0c \u4f8b\u5982\u201c\u4e00\u5207\u6559\u80b2\u90fd\u7f6e\u4e8e\u56fd\u5bb6\u76d1\u7763\u4e4b\u4e0b\u201d \u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u6761\u6b3e\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u963f\u5217\u514b\u897f\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u201c\uff08\u4e0e\u57fa\u672c\u6743\u5229\uff1a\u7b14\u8005\u52a0\uff09\u6709\u5173\u8054\u5f71\u54cd\u6027\u7684\u6761\u6b3e\u201d\uff08associated orbiting provisions\uff09\u540c\u6837\u4e5f\u662f\u57fa\u672c\u6743\u5229\u6761\u6b3e\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u6761\u6b3e\u6ca1\u6709\u76f4\u63a5\u8868\u8ff0\u67d0\u4e00\u4e2a\u5baa\u6cd5\u6743\u5229\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u5baa\u6cd5\u6743\u5229\u7684\u4fdd\u969c\u548c\u5b9e\u65bd\u8d77\u5230\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u6761\u6b3e\u5728\u5fb7\u56fd\u57fa\u672c\u6cd5\u4e0a\u963f\u5217\u514b\u897f\u5217\u4e3e\u51fa\u201c\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u90fd\u6709\u6743\u5728\u6cd5\u5ead\u9762\u524d\u5f97\u5230\u516c\u5e73\u7684\u5ead\u5ba1\u201d\uff08article103,1\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u65b0\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u6807\u51c6\uff1a\u5baa\u6cd5\u6743\u5229\u6761\u6b3e\u5c31\u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u8868\u8ff0\u5baa\u6cd5\u6743\u5229\u548c\u5177\u6709\u4fdd\u969c\u5baa\u6cd5\u6743\u5229\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u6761\u6b3e\u3002[6]<\/p>\n

\u4ece\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5177\u6709\u9ad8\u5ea6\u5206\u6790\u6027\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u8bba\u8bc1\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u663e\u7136\uff0c\u6211\u56fd\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u6743\u89c4\u8303\u4e4b\u542b\u4e49\u5e76\u4e0d\u7b49\u4e8e\u7b2c42\u6761\uff08\u89c4\u8303\u6027\u9648\u8ff0\uff09\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u80fd\u628a\u8be5\u6761\u770b\u505a\u662f\u5bf9\u52b3\u52a8\u6743\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u8868\u8ff0\uff0c\u4f46\u4e00\u6761\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u6743\u89c4\u8303\u53ef\u80fd\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u6211\u4eec\u7ed3\u5408\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u6761\u6b3e\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u91cc\u624d\u80fd\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u4e86\u89e3\u548c\u8868\u8fbe\u3002<\/p>\n

\uff08\u4e8c\uff09\u4f20\u7edf\u89c2\u70b9\u5bf9\u52b3\u52a8\u6743\u89c4\u8303\u89e3\u91ca\u7684\u4e24\u79cd\u57fa\u672c\u8def\u5f84<\/p>\n

\u5c31\u7b14\u8005\u9605\u8bfb\u8303\u56f4\u6240\u89c1\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u5b66\u672f\u754c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5baa\u6cd5\u52b3\u52a8\u6743\u5185\u6db5\u7684\u9610\u8ff0\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u90fd\u662f\u56f4\u7ed5\u7b2c42\u6761\u6765\u5c55\u5f00\u3002\u800c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u52b3\u52a8\u6743\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u7684\u9610\u8ff0\uff0c\u5219\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u4e24\u79cd\u601d\u8def\u7684\u7ed3\u5408\uff1a\u5b66\u672f\u53f2\u4e0e\u5baa\u6cd5\u91ca\u4e49\u5b66\u3002\u7528\u4e00\u4f4d\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u8bdd\u6765\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u901a\u8fc7\u5baa\u6cd5\u53f2\u7684\u8003\u5bdf\u4e0e\u6cd5\u91ca\u4e49\u5b66\u7684\u9610\u91ca\uff0c\u53ef\u63a8\u5bfc\u51fa\u52b3\u52a8\u6743\u517c\u5177\u81ea\u7531\u6743\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u6743\u53cc\u91cd\u6027\u683c\u3002\u201d[7]<\/p>\n

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\uff08\u4e09\uff09\u52b3\u52a8\u6743\u89c4\u8303\u542b\u4e49\u4e4b\u786e\u5b9a\uff1a\u603b\u5219\u4e0e\u57fa\u672c\u6743\u5229\u7684\u201c\u610f\u4e49\u5173\u8054\u201d<\/p>\n

\u6309\u7167\u524d\u9762\u7684\u5206\u6790\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u5baa\u6cd5\u89c4\u8303\u5e76\u975e\u4e00\u6761\u89c4\u8303\u6027\u9648\u8ff0\u6240\u80fd\u76f4\u63a5\u8868\u8fbe\uff0c\u800c\u4f20\u7edf\u89c2\u70b9\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u90fd\u7b80\u5355\u5c06\u7b2c42\u6761\u6761\u6b3e\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u89c6\u4e3a\u52b3\u52a8\u6743\u89c4\u8303\u7684\u542b\u4e49\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5f97\u51fa\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u5f97\u5230\u6587\u672c\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bba\u4e0a\u7684\u5145\u5206\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u7b14\u8005\u8981\u4ee5\u300a\u5baa\u6cd5\u300b\u6587\u672c\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u7efc\u5408\u76f8\u5173\u5baa\u6cd5\u6761\u6b3e\uff0c\u66f4\u52a0\u7ec6\u81f4\u4e0e\u5168\u9762\u7684\u5f97\u51fa\u52b3\u52a8\u6743\u89c4\u8303\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u3002<\/p>\n

\u901a\u5e38\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u9610\u8ff0\u52b3\u52a8\u6743\u89c4\u8303\u5185\u6db5\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u89e3\u91ca\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u5f80\u5f80\u5c31\u662f\u201c\u57fa\u672c\u6743\u5229\u201d\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u201c\u52b3\u52a8\u6743\u6761\u6b3e\u201d\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u516c\u6c11\u6709\u52b3\u52a8\u7684\u6743\u5229\u548c\u4e49\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n

\u56fd\u5bb6\u901a\u8fc7\u5404\u79cd\u9014\u5f84\uff0c\u521b\u9020\u52b3\u52a8\u5c31\u4e1a\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u52a0\u5f3a\u52b3\u52a8\u4fdd\u62a4\uff0c\u6539\u5584\u52b3\u52a8\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u53d1\u5c55\u751f\u4ea7\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u52b3\u52a8\u62a5\u916c\u548c\u798f\u5229\u5f85\u9047\u3002<\/p>\n

\u52b3\u52a8\u662f\u4e00\u5207\u6709\u52b3\u52a8\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u516c\u6c11\u7684\u5149\u8363\u804c\u8d23\u3002\u56fd\u6709\u4f01\u4e1a\u548c\u57ce\u4e61\u96c6\u4f53\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u90fd\u5e94\u5f53\u4ee5\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e3b\u4eba\u7fc1\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u5bf9\u5f85\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u3002\u56fd\u5bb6\u63d0\u5021\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u52b3\u52a8\u7ade\u8d5b\uff0c\u5956\u52b1\u52b3\u52a8\u6a21\u8303\u548c\u5148\u8fdb\u5de5\u4f5c\u8005\u3002\u56fd\u5bb6\u63d0\u5021\u516c\u6c11\u4ece\u4e8b\u4e49\u52a1\u52b3\u52a8\u3002<\/p>\n

\u56fd\u5bb6\u5bf9\u5c31\u4e1a\u524d\u7684\u516c\u6c11\u8fdb\u884c\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u5c31\u4e1a\u8bad\u7ec3\u3002\uff08\u7b2c42\u6761\uff09<\/p>\n

\u8be5\u6761\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u201c\u76f4\u63a5\u8868\u8ff0\u52b3\u52a8\u6743\u7684\u6761\u6b3e\u201d\u3002\u4f20\u7edf\u5b66\u8bf4\u4ece\u8be5\u6761\u4e2d\u4e00\u822c\u800c\u8a00\u89e3\u8bfb\u51fa\u5982\u4e0b\u5185\u5bb9\uff1a<\/p>\n

1\u3001\u52b3\u52a8\u6743\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u4e0e\u6027\u8d28[12]<\/p>\n

\u52b3\u52a8\u6743\u662f\u6307\u4e00\u5207\u6709\u52b3\u52a8\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u516c\u6c11\uff0c\u6709\u52b3\u52a8\u548c\u53d6\u5f97\u52b3\u52a8\u62a5\u916c\u7684\u6743\u5229\u3002\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u8fdb\u884c\u52b3\u52a8\u7684\u6743\u5229\u4e0d\u53d7\u56fd\u5bb6\u4efb\u610f\u4fb5\u72af\uff0c\u5bf9\u516c\u5171\u6743\u529b\u8fdb\u884c\u9632\u5fa1\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u81ea\u7531\u6743\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u901a\u8fc7\u52b3\u52a8\u8ffd\u6c42\u5e78\u798f\u751f\u6d3b\u5e76\u8981\u6c42\u56fd\u5bb6\u79ef\u6781\u521b\u9020\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u52b3\u52a8\u6743\u53c8\u5177\u6709\u793e\u4f1a\u6743\u6027\u8d28\u3002<\/p>\n

2\u3001\u52b3\u52a8\u6743\u7684\u5185\u6db5<\/p>\n

\u6839\u636e\u8be5\u6761\u6b3e\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u5b66\u672f\u754c\u90fd\u5c06\u52b3\u52a8\u6743\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u5185\u6db5\u5177\u4f53\u9610\u8ff0\u4e3a\u201c\u83b7\u5f97\u52b3\u52a8\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\u548c\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u6743\u5229\u201d\uff0c[13]\u4e5f\u6709\u5b66\u8005\u5c06\u201c\u53d6\u5f97\u62a5\u916c\u6743\u201d\u5217\u4e3a\u52b3\u52a8\u6743\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u5185\u6db5\u3002[14]<\/p>\n

3\u3001\u52b3\u52a8\u65e2\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6743\u5229\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4e49\u52a1<\/p>\n

\u4e3b\u6d41\u89c2\u70b9\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u4e49\u52a1\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u4e49\u52a1\uff0c\u6307\u7684\u662f\u5177\u6709\u52b3\u52a8\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u4eba\u5747\u5fc5\u987b\u901a\u8fc7\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u4ee5\u7ef4\u6301\u5176\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\uff08\u5f53\u7136\u4e5f\u5305\u62ec\u5176\u5bb6\u5ead\u751f\u6d3b\uff09\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\uff0c\u5728\u6b64\u5e76\u4e0d\u6784\u6210\u56fd\u5bb6\u5f3a\u5236\u4eba\u4eec\u4ece\u4e8b\u52b3\u52a8\u7684\u90a3\u79cd\u6cd5\u89c4\u8303\u4e0a\u7684\u4f9d\u636e\uff0c\u800c\u4ec5\u5177\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u9053\u5fb7\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u6307\u5bfc\u6027\u5185\u6db5\u3002[15]\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8981\u89c4\u5b9a\u52b3\u52a8\u4e49\u52a1\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u5b66\u8005\u6307\u51fa\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u201c\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u5728\u6211\u56fd\uff0c\u52b3\u52a8\u5df2\u4e0d\u518d\u5355\u7eaf\u662f\u516c\u6c11\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u8c0b\u751f\u624b\u6bb5\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u662f\u56fd\u5bb6\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u79ef\u7d2f\u7269\u8d28\u8d22\u5bcc\u548c\u7cbe\u795e\u8d22\u5bcc\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u65b9\u5f0f\uff1b\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u89c4\u5b9a\u52b3\u52a8\u662f\u516c\u6c11\u7684\u4e49\u52a1\uff0c\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u52b3\u52a8\u6743\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\uff1b\u6700\u540e\u4ece\u793e\u4f1a\u53d1\u5c55\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u7e41\u8363\u3001\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u5bcc\u5f3a\u3001\u4eba\u7c7b\u6587\u660e\u7684\u8fdb\u6b65\uff0c\u90fd\u79bb\u4e0d\u5f00\u52b3\u52a8\u3002\u201d[16]<\/p>\n

\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0a\u89e3\u91ca\u5374\u4ecd\u7136\u6709\u7591\u60d1\u548c\u4e0d\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e00\u3001\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u201c\u52b3\u52a8\u201d\uff1f\u8fd9\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u65e0\u6cd5\u900f\u8fc7\u8be5\u6761\u8bf4\u660e\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5c31\u7b14\u8005\u9605\u8bfb\u8303\u56f4\uff0c\u6211\u56fd\u5b66\u8005\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u5728\u89e3\u91ca\u8be5\u6761\u6b3e\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u9996\u5148\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e00\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u505a\u51fa\u8bf4\u660e\u3002\u4f46 \u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u201c\u52b3\u52a8\u201d\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u80fd\u51c6\u786e\u4e88\u4ee5\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u6cd5\u89e3\u91ca\u5b66\u4e0a\u7684\u96be\u9898\uff0c\u5f71\u54cd\u5baa\u6cd5\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u878d\u8d2f\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u201c\u52b3\u52a8\u201d\u662f\u5426\u5305\u62ec\u6295\u8d44\u884c\u4e3a\uff1f\u6309\u7167\u8be5\u6761\u7684\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u52b3\u52a8\u662f\u6211\u56fd\u516c\u6c11 \u7684\u4e49\u52a1\uff0c\u4f46\u5baa\u6cd5\u7b2c6\u6761\u540c\u65f6\u89c4\u5b9a\uff1a\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u521d\u7ea7\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u6309\u52b3\u5206\u914d\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u5206\u914d\u65b9\u5f0f\u5e76\u5b58\u3002\u4e5f\u5373\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5141\u8bb8\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u516c\u6c11\u7684\u201c\u4e0d\u52b3\u800c\u83b7\u201d\uff0c\u6700\u5178\u578b\u5373\u4e3a\u201c\u6309\u8d44\u5206\u914d\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u6761\u6587\u663e\u7136\u4e0d\u7ecf\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u89e3\u91ca\u5c31\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e0a\u7684\u51b2\u7a81\u4e0e\u4e0d\u878d\u8d2f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e8c\u3001\u4ece\u8be5\u6761\u7b2c2\u6b3e\u3001\u7b2c4\u6b3e\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u52b3\u52a8\u6743\u660e\u663e\u5e26\u6709\u793e\u4f1a\u6743\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u90a3\u52b3\u52a8\u6743\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u81ea\u7531\u6743\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u4ece\u8be5\u6761\u4e2d\u5982\u4f55\u5f97\u5230\u89e3\u91ca\uff1f\u81ea\u7531\u6743\u4e4b\u8bf4\u7684\u6587\u672c\u4e0a\u7684\u6b63\u5f53\u6027\u7a76\u7adf\u4f55\u5728\uff1f<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e09\u3001\u5bf9\u4e8e\u52b3\u52a8\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4e49\u52a1\u7684\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u5e76\u975e\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e4b\u7279\u4f8b\uff0c\u5982\u65e5\u672c1947\u5e74\u5baa\u6cd5\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5341\u4e03\u6761\u89c4\u5b9a\uff1a\u201c\u56fd\u6c11\u5747\u6709\u52b3\u52a8\u4e4b\u6743\u5229\u548c\u4e49\u52a1\u201d\uff1b\u97e9\u56fd1987\u5e74\u5baa\u6cd5\u7b2c\u4e09\u5341\u4e8c\u6761\u89c4\u5b9a\uff1a\u201c\u5168\u4f53\u56fd\u6c11\u5747\u6709\u52b3\u52a8\u7684\u4e49\u52a1\u201d\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0a\u6240\u5f15\u5b66\u8005\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u4e5f\u5b8c\u5168\u80fd\u7528\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u65e5\u672c\u3001\u97e9\u56fd\u7b49\u56fd\u5bb6\u5baa\u6cd5\u5bf9\u52b3\u52a8\u4e49\u52a1\u7684\u89c4\u5b9a\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u7a76\u7adf\u5982\u4f55\u89e3\u91ca\u6211\u56fd\u52b3\u52a8\u4e49\u52a1\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\u542b\u4e49\uff1f\u5982\u4f55\u7406\u89e3\u5b83\u6240\u4ec5\u4ec5\u5177\u6709\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u610f\u4e49\uff1f<\/p>\n

\u7b14 \u8005\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u5e76\u975e\u8d28\u7591\u524d\u8ff0\u4e3b\u6d41\u5b66\u8bf4\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u52b3\u52a8\u6743\u5728\u6211\u56fd\u5305\u542b\u81ea\u7531\u6743\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u6743\uff0c\u52b3\u52a8\u6743\u7684\u4e49\u52a1\u6027\u8d28\u53ca\u5176\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u60f3\u5f3a\u8c03\uff1a\u4efb\u4f55\u6cd5\u89e3\u91ca\u4e0a\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\u90fd\u5e94\u8be5\u6709\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0a\u7684 \u6b63\u5f53\u6027\uff1a\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ed3\u8bba\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u4ece\u6cd5\u89e3\u91ca\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u8fd0\u7528\u4e00\u5b9a\u65b9\u6cd5\u800c\u63a8\u5bfc\u51fa\u6765\u7684\uff0c\u5e76\u975e\u662f\u7b80\u5355\u56e0\u88ad\u897f\u65b9\u5baa\u6cd5\u7406\u8bba\u6216\u4ece\u5b57\u9762\u542b\u4e49\u60f3\u5f53\u7136\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u663e\u7136\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u7b2c42\u6761\u5fc5\u987b\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u201c\u4e0e\u57fa\u672c\u6743\u5229\u6709\u5173\u8054\u5f71\u54cd\u6027\u7684\u6761\u6b3e\u201d\uff08associated orbiting provisions\uff09\u8054\u7cfb\u8d77\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u5185\u90e8\u610f\u4e49\u5173\u8054\u7684\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u83b7\u5f97\u5173\u4e8e\u52b3\u52a8\u6743\u89c4\u8303\u7684\u5168\u9762\u8ba4\u8bc6\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u7b2c1\u6761\u00a0 \u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u662f\u5de5\u4eba\u9636\u7ea7\u9886\u5bfc\u7684\u3001\u4ee5\u5de5\u519c\u8054\u76df\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u4eba\u6c11\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e13\u653f\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u56fd\u5bb6\u3002<\/p>\n

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1\u3001\u4eba\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u5fc5\u987b\u4ece\u76f8\u4e92\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\u6765\u7406\u89e3<\/p>\n

\u9ed1\u683c\u5c14\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u4eba\u5177\u6709\u53cc\u91cd\u5c5e\u6027\uff1a\u65e2\u5177\u6709\u81ea\u6211\u610f\u8bc6\u4e0e\u81ea\u6211\u72ec\u7acb\u6027\uff0c\u4e5f\u5177\u6709\u5bf9\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u4f9d\u5b58\u6027\u4e0e\u4f9d\u9760\u6027\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u4eba\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u76f8\u4e92\u627f\u8ba4\u3001\u76f8\u4e92\u5e73\u7b49\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u5177\u6709\u81ea\u6211\u72ec\u7acb\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u4eba\u5c31\u662f\u201c\u4e3b\u4eba\u201d\uff0c\u4e0d\u5177\u6709\u81ea\u6211\u7684\u72ec\u7acb\u610f\u8bc6\u3001\u5c06\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u201c\u5974\u96b6\u201d[20]\u3002 \u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u66f4\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u4e3b\u5974\u7684\u5206\u5316\u5f52\u6839\u7ed3\u5e95\u662f\u751f\u4ea7\u8d44\u6599\u79c1\u6709\u5236\u6240\u9020\u6210\uff0c\u5974\u96b6\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\u5bf9\u81ea\u6211\u3001\u81ea\u4e3a\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u8ffd\u5bfb\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u5386\u53f2\u51fa\u73b0\u201c\u4e3b\u5974\u201d\u5bf9\u7acb\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d \u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5bf9\u7acb\u8868\u73b0\u5728\uff1a\u4e3b\u4eba\u5e76\u4e0d\u627f\u8ba4\u5974\u96b6\u4f5c\u4e3a\u81ea\u4e3b\u6027\u7684\u4eba\u7684\u72ec\u7acb\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5de5\u5177\uff1b\u5974\u96b6\u4e5f\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u81ea\u4e3b\u6027\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u610f\u8bc6\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u6ca1\u6709\u76f8\u4e92\u627f\u8ba4\uff0c\u5373\u201c\u51e1\u662f\u4e3b\u4eba\u5bf9 \u5974\u96b6\u6240\u4f5c\u7684\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e5f\u5e94\u8be5\u5bf9\u81ea\u5df1\u90a3\u6837\u4f5c\uff0c\u800c\u51e1\u662f\u5974\u96b6\u5bf9\u81ea\u5df1\u6240\u4f5c\u7684\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e5f\u5e94\u8be5\u5bf9\u4e3b\u4eba\u90a3\u6837\u4f5c\u3002\u201d[21]<\/p>\n

2\u3001\u4e3b\u5974\u7684\u4ea7\u751f\uff1a\u4e2a\u4f53\u201c\u81ea\u6211\u610f\u8bc6\u201d\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u201c\u751f\u6b7b\u6597\u4e89\u201d\u800c\u5f15\u8d77<\/p>\n

\u4e3b \u5974\u5728\u4eba\u7c7b\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u3001\u5982\u4f55\u4ea7\u751f\uff1f\u9ed1\u683c\u5c14\u6ca1\u6709\u7ed9\u51fa\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u4f46\u9ed1\u683c\u5c14\u4ece\u4e2a\u4f53\u7684\u5f7c\u6b64\u72ec\u7acb\u610f\u8bc6\u5fc5\u7136\u76f8\u4e92\u4e89\u6597\u7684\u54f2 \u5b66\u9884\u8bbe\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u505a\u51fa\u4e86\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u3002\u4e2a\u4f53\u4e4b\u95f4\u5f7c\u6b64\u4e0d\u627f\u8ba4\uff0c\u5728\u9ed1\u683c\u5c14\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u6700\u521d\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u610f\u8bc6\u90fd\u662f\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u5bf9\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\u4e4b\u4e0a\uff0c\u9ed1\u683c\u5c14\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u6ca1\u6709\u6446\u8131 \u52a8\u7269\u6027\u548c\u7b80\u5355\u76f4\u89c2\u7684\u751f\u547d\u5b58\u5728\u4f53\u8303\u7574\u3002[22]\u6700\u7ec8\uff0c\u5b8c\u5168\u4ee5\u81ea\u6211\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u610f\u8bc6\u5f15\u8d77\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6597\u4e89\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u6597\u4e89\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u5728\u4e8e\u201c\u8981\u5bf9\u65b9\u627f\u8ba4\u81ea\u5df1\uff0c\u800c\u81ea\u5df1\u4e0d\u613f\u610f\u627f\u8ba4\u5bf9\u65b9\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u6597\u4e89\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u5c31\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8d62\u5bb6\u7684\u4e3b\u4eba\u548c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8f93\u5bb6\u7684\u5974\u96b6\u3002\u5974\u96b6\u6210\u4e3a\u5974\u96b6\u3001\u65e0\u6cd5\u5177\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u201c\u81ea\u4e3a\u610f\u8bc6\u201d\u7684\u6839\u672c\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u9ed1\u683c\u5c14\u6307\u51fa\u5c31\u662f\u5bf9\u201c\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7684\u6050\u60e7\u201d\u3002[23]\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4e3b\u5974\u5173\u7cfb\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u76f4\u5728\u4e89\u6597\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u662f\u7cdf\u7cd5\u7684\uff1a\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u54ea\u4e00\u65b9\u53d6\u6d88\u5bf9\u5bf9\u65b9\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u53d6\u6d88\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\uff1a\u201c\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6597\u4e89\u662f\u5728\u8981\u5bf9\u65b9\u627f\u8ba4\u81ea\u5df1\uff0c\u81ea\u5df1\u5374\u4e0d\u627f\u8ba4\u5bf9\u65b9\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u5176\u624b\u6bb5\u53c8\u662f\u6b7b\u4ea1\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6b7b\u8005\u662f\u5bf9\u65b9\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u81ea\u5df1\u53c8\u7531\u8c01\u6765\u627f\u8ba4\uff1f\u5982\u679c\u81ea\u5df1\u6b7b\u6389\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5bf9\u65b9\u6765\u627f\u8ba4\u8c01\uff1f\u201d<\/p>\n

3\u3001\u201c\u52b3\u52a8\u201d\u662f\u201c\u5974\u96b6\u201d\u83b7\u5f97\u81ea\u6211\u610f\u8bc6\u3001\u4e0e\u4e3b\u4eba\u53d6\u5f97\u76f8\u4e92\u627f\u8ba4\u7684\u5173\u952e<\/p>\n

\u52b3\u52a8(das Formieren),\u5728\u9ed1\u683c\u5c14\u548c\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u54f2\u5b66\u4e2d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5176\u57fa\u672c\u542b\u4e49\u662f\u201c\u4e00\u79cd\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u6d3b\u52a8\u6539\u53d8\u4e8b\u7269\u7684\u65e2\u6210\u5f62\u6001\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u7ed9\u65e2\u6210\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\u4ee5\u65b0\u7684\u5f62\u6001\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u8868\u660e\u52b3\u52a8\u662f\u5bf9\u4e8b\u7269\u52a0\u5de5\u6539\u9020\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u662f\u5bf9\u81ea\u7136\u7269\u8fdb\u884c\u2018\u8d4b\u5f62\u2019\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002\u201d[24]\u53ef\u89c1\uff0c\u52b3\u52a8\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u529f\u80fd\u5728\u4e8e\u5176\u5b9e\u8df5\u529f\u80fd\uff1a\u5974\u96b6\u901a\u8fc7\u52b3\u52a8\u521b\u9020\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f9b\u517b\u8d77\u4e3b\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7136 \u800c\uff0c\u9ed1\u683c\u5c14\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u52b3\u52a8\u5e76\u975e\u4ec5\u4ec5\u5177\u6709\u5b9e\u8df5\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8fd8\u5177\u6709\u8ba4\u8bc6\u529f\u80fd\uff1a\u5974\u96b6\u901a\u8fc7\u52b3\u52a8\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\u81ea\u5df1\u9664\u53bb\u81e3\u670d\u4e3b\u4eba\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u6027\u4ef7\u503c\u5916\uff0c\u7ecf\u7531\u52b3\u52a8\u53ca\u5176\u521b\u9020\uff0c\u5974\u96b6\u4e5f\u53d1 \u73b0\u4e86\u201c\u81ea\u6211\u201d\uff0c\u5426\u5b9a\u5e76\u6d88\u89e3\u4e86\u5974\u96b6\u5bf9\u4e3b\u4eba\u7684\u6050\u60e7\uff0c\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u52b3\u52a8\u662f\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u5bf9\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u6539\u9020\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u521b\u9020\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e5f\u76f4\u89c2\u5230\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00 \u4e2a\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u201c\u5728\u52b3\u52a8\u4e2d\u5974\u96b6\u611f\u89c9\u5230\u81ea\u4e3a\u5b58\u5728\u6210\u4e3a\u4ed6\u81ea\u5df1\u56fa\u6709\u7684\u4e86\uff0c\u4ed6\u5e76\u4e14\u5f00\u59cb\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u4ed6\u81ea\u8eab\u662f\u81ea\u5728\u81ea\u4e3a\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u3002\u201d[25]<\/p>\n

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\u9ed1\u683c\u5c14\u4ee5\u201c\u52b3\u52a8\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u201d\u4e3a\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u4e3b\u5974\u8fa9\u8bc1\u6cd5\u5bf9\u4e8e\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u8ba4\u8bc6\u201c\u52b3\u52a8\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u65e0\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u7684\u5148\u8fdb\u6027\u201d\u8d77\u5230\u4e86\u91cd\u5927\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u8c08\u5230\u662f\u201c\u52b3\u52a8\u521b\u9020\u51fa\u4e86\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u201d\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u89c2\u70b9\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u201c\u9ed1 \u683c\u5c14\u7684\u300a\u73b0\u8c61\u5b66\u300b\u53ca\u5176\u6700\u540e\u6210\u679c\u2014\u2014\u8fa9\u8bc1\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u63a8\u52a8\u539f\u5219\u548c\u521b\u9020\u539f\u5219\u7684\u5426\u5b9a\u6027\u2014\u2014\u7684\u4f1f\u5927\u4e4b\u5904\u9996\u5148\u5728\u4e8e\uff0c\u9ed1\u683c\u5c14\u628a\u4eba\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u4ea7\u751f\u770b\u4f5c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u628a\u5bf9\u8c61\u5316\u770b\u4f5c\u975e\u5bf9 \u8c61\u5316\uff0c\u770b\u4f5c\u5916\u5316\u548c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5916\u5316\u7684\u626c\u5f03\uff1b\u53ef\u89c1\uff0c\u4ed6\u6293\u4f4f\u4e86\u52b3\u52a8\u7684\u672c\u8d28\uff0c\u628a\u5bf9\u8c61\u6027\u7684\u4eba\u3001\u73b0\u5b9e\u7684\u56e0\u800c\u662f\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u4eba\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u4ed6\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u4eba\u540c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7c7b\u5b58\u5728\u7269\u7684\u81ea\u8eab\u53d1\u751f \u73b0\u5b9e\u7684\u3001\u80fd\u52a8\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u8bf4\uff0c\u4eba\u4f5c\u4e3a\u73b0\u5b9e\u7684\u7c7b\u5b58\u5728\u7269\u5373\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4eba\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u7269\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0b\u8ff0\u9014\u5f84\u624d\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\uff1a\u4eba\u786e\u5b9e\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u7c7b\u529b\u91cf\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u53c8\u53ea\u6709\u901a\u8fc7\u4eba \u7684\u5168\u90e8\u6d3b\u52a8\u3001\u53ea\u6709\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u624d\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u2014\u2014\u5e76\u4e14\u628a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u529b\u91cf\u5f53\u4f5c\u5bf9\u8c61\u6765\u5bf9\u5f85\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u9996\u5148\u53c8\u53ea\u6709\u901a\u8fc7\u5f02\u5316\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u624d\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u3002\u201d[26]<\/p>\n

\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u663e\u7136\u7ee7\u627f\u4e86\u9ed1\u683c\u5c14\u5728\u76f8\u4e92\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\u6765\u7406\u89e3\u52b3\u52a8\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u7acb\u573a\u3002\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u6ee1\u8db3\u4e86\u81ea\u6211\uff0c\u4e5f\u6ee1\u8db3\u4e86\u4ed6\u4eba[27]\uff0c \u53ea\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u201c\u5974\u96b6\u201d\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u7acb\u573a\u4e0b\u4e3b\u8981\u6210\u4e3a\u65e0\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\uff0c\u52b3\u52a8\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u5c31\u4f53\u73b0\u4e3a\u5927\u751f\u4ea7\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u65e0\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u6240\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u5148\u8fdb\u751f\u4ea7\u529b\uff0c\u52b3\u52a8\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u6700\u7ec8\u662f\u65e0\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u89e3\u653e\u81ea\u8eab\u3001 \u63a8\u7ffb\u4e3b\u4eba\u7684\u7edf\u6cbb\uff0c\u7ecf\u7531\u9769\u547d\u800c\u8d70\u5411\u81ea\u7531\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u7ee7\u627f\u4e86\u5362\u68ad\u66b4\u529b\u9769\u547d\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u6bd4\u8d77\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u9ed1\u683c\u5c14\uff0c\u6bd4\u8d77\u4ed6\u4ec5\u4ec5\u505c\u7559\u5728\u201c\u76f8\u4e92\u627f\u8ba4\u201d\u5c42\u6b21\u4e0a\u7684\u201c\u548c\u89e3\u201d \u2014\u2014\u5e26\u6709\u660e\u663e\u7684\u4fdd\u5b88\u98ce\u683c\u7684\u53d9\u4e8b\uff0c\u53c8\u8981\u5f7b\u5e95\u548c\u6fc0\u8fdb\u5f88\u591a\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u7b2c \u4e09\u3001\u201c\u7231\u52b3\u52a8\u201d\u7684\u516c\u5fb7\u6559\u80b2\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u201c\u52b3\u52a8\u6743\u627f\u8ba4\u89c4\u8303\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u7ef4\u5ea6\u201d\u3002\u9ed1\u683c\u5c14\u6307\u51fa\uff1a\u52b3\u52a8\u521b\u9020\u51fa\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u610f\u8bc6\uff0c\u8fd9\u9700\u8981\u900f\u8fc7\u4e0d\u65ad\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u3001\u6559\u517b\uff0c\u514b\u670d\u4efb\u6027\u548c\u504f\u89c1\u6765 \u5b8c\u6210\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u4e2d\u56fd\u5baa\u6cd5\u786e\u7acb\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u516c\u5fb7\uff0c\u5e76\u975e\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u8bf4\u6559\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8981\u4e0d\u65ad\u7684\u5524\u8d77\u3001\u4fdd\u6301\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e3b\u4eba\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u610f\u8bc6\uff0c\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u81ea\u5df1\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u72ec\u7acb\u4e2a\u4f53\u3001\u521b\u9020\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u4e2a\u4f53\u7684\u5b58 \u5728\u3002<\/p>\n

\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u6211\u56fd\uff0c\u5baa\u6cd5\u52b3\u52a8\u6743\u663e\u7136\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u81ea\u7531\u6743\u6216\u793e\u4f1a\u6743\u7684\u5ba3\u793a\uff0c\u7ecf\u7531\u9ed1\u683c\u5c14\u548c\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u627f\u8ba4\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u663e\u7136\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u627f\u8ba4\u6743\u548c\u627f\u8ba4\u89c4\u8303\u7684\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u8bba\u8bc1\u52b3\u52a8\u6743\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u6b63\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ee5\u201c\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u201d\u4e3a\u56fd\u5bb6\u9886\u5bfc\u9636\u7ea7\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u56fd\u5bb6\u3002\u540c\u6837\uff0c\u7ed3\u5408\u7b2c42\u6761\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8fdb\u884c\u610f\u4e49\u5173\u8054\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u6211\u56fd\u5baa\u6cd5\u52b3\u52a8\u6743\u5177\u5907\u627f\u8ba4\u89c4\u8303\u548c\u6743\u5229\u89c4\u8303\u7684\u53cc\u91cd\u5c5e\u6027\u3002\u627f\u8ba4\u89c4\u8303\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u6743\u5229\u89c4\u8303\u7684\u5185\u6db5\u4e0e\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u6743\u5229\u89c4\u8303\u662f\u5bf9\u627f\u8ba4\u89c4\u8303\u7684\u6743\u5229\u62c5\u4fdd\u4e0e\u843d\u5b9e\u3002\u5c55\u5f00\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e00\u3001\u627f\u8ba4\u89c4\u8303\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u6743\u5229\u89c4\u8303\u7684\u5185\u6db5\u4e0e\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u603b\u5219\u4e2d\u7684\u4e09\u4e2a\u6761\u6587\u662f\u5bf9\u52b3\u52a8\u6743\u627f\u8ba4\u89c4\u8303\u7684\u63ed\u793a\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u79cd\u627f\u8ba4\u89c4\u8303\u7684\u4e09\u79cd\u53d9\u8ff0\u65e0\u4e0d\u5f71\u54cd\u4e86\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u52b3\u52a8\u6743\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u6743\u5229\u548c\u4e49\u52a1\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u53ef\u5c55\u5f00\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n

1\u3001 \u5baa\u6cd5\u4e0a\u7684\u201c\u52b3\u52a8\u201d\u53ea\u80fd\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u6539\u9020\u5ba2\u89c2\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u5e76\u521b\u9020\u51fa\u65b0\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u548c\u7cbe\u795e\u4ea7\u54c1\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u5305\u62ec\u7eaf\u7cb9\u751f\u4ea7\u8981\u7d20\u672c\u8eab\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u5c31\u4f1a\u6784\u6210\u5bf9\u524d\u8ff0\u627f\u8ba4\u89c4\u8303\u7684\u8fdd\u53cd\uff1b\u5176\u6b21\uff0c \u7531\u4e8e\u52b3\u52a8\u6743\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u9996\u5148\u662f\u627f\u8ba4\u4e86\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u7684\u4e3b\u4eba\u5730\u4f4d\u548c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u52b3\u52a8\u6743\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u6743\u5229\u5fc5\u7136\u5177\u6709\u81ea\u7531\u6743\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u627f\u8ba4\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u81ea\u7531\u610f\u5fd7\u7684\u5fc5\u7136\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u79cd\u81ea\u7531 \u6743\u5168\u7136\u4e0d\u540c\u4e8e\u897f\u65b9\u5baa\u6cd5\u601d\u60f3\u4e2d\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u6743\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u5e76\u975e\u4fdd\u969c\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u539f\u5b50\u5f0f\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u793e\u4f1a\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u81ea\u7531\u3002<\/p>\n

2\u3001 \u201c\u56fd\u5bb6\u901a\u8fc7\u5404\u79cd\u9014\u5f84\uff0c\u521b\u9020\u52b3\u52a8\u5c31\u4e1a\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u52a0\u5f3a\u52b3\u52a8\u4fdd\u62a4\uff0c\u6539\u5584\u52b3\u52a8\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u53d1\u5c55\u751f\u4ea7\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u52b3\u52a8\u62a5\u916c\u548c\u798f\u5229\u5f85\u9047\u3002\u201d\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u4f5c\u4e3a\u88ab\u56fd\u5bb6\u627f\u8ba4\u7684\u4e3b\u4f53\u2014\u2014 \u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u5bf9\u4e8e\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u5b9e\u73b0\u52b3\u52a8\u6743\u9690\u542b\u7684\u4e0d\u65ad\u63d0\u9ad8\u751f\u4ea7\u529b\u3001\u6700\u7ec8\u901a\u8fc7\u6539\u9020\u4e16\u754c\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u81ea\u5df1\u5f7b\u5e95\u89e3\u653e\u7684\u5185\u5728\u8981\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n

3\u3001 \u52b3\u52a8\u65e2\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6743\u5229\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4e49\u52a1\uff0c\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u627f\u8ba4\u89c4\u8303\u7684\u5185\u5728\u7ed3\u6784\uff1a\u516c\u6c11\u6709\u6743\u5229\u52b3\u52a8\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u5fc5\u987b\u88ab\u627f\u8ba4\u4e3a\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0a\u548c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e0a\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u4e3b\u4f53\uff0c\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u83b7\u5f97\u81ea\u5df1\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e3b\u4eba\u7684 \u81ea\u6211\u610f\u8bc6\uff1b\u516c\u6c11\u6709\u4e49\u52a1\u52b3\u52a8\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7531\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u8054\u5408\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4ed6\u5bf9\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u627f\u8bfa\uff0c\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u83b7\u5f97\u4ed6\u5bf9\u653f\u6cbb\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u7684\u627f\u8ba4\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u627f\u8ba4\u89c4\u8303\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u627f\u8ba4\u5fc5\u7136\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86 \u52b3\u52a8\u7684\u53cc\u91cd\u5c5e\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n

4\u3001 \u52b3\u52a8\u6743\u627f\u8ba4\u89c4\u8303\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u7ef4\u5ea6\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86 \u201c\u52b3\u52a8\u662f\u4e00\u5207\u6709\u52b3\u52a8\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u516c\u6c11\u7684\u5149\u8363\u804c\u8d23\u3002\u56fd\u6709\u4f01\u4e1a\u548c\u57ce\u4e61\u96c6\u4f53\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u90fd\u5e94\u5f53\u4ee5\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e3b\u4eba\u7fc1\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u5bf9\u5f85\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u3002\u56fd\u5bb6\u63d0\u5021\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u52b3\u52a8\u7ade\u8d5b\uff0c\u5956\u52b1 \u52b3\u52a8\u6a21\u8303\u548c\u5148\u8fdb\u5de5\u4f5c\u8005\u3002\u56fd\u5bb6\u63d0\u5021\u516c\u6c11\u4ece\u4e8b\u4e49\u52a1\u52b3\u52a8\u3002\u56fd\u5bb6\u5bf9\u5c31\u4e1a\u524d\u7684\u516c\u6c11\u8fdb\u884c\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u5c31\u4e1a\u8bad\u7ec3\u201d\u3002\u201c\u5149\u8363\u804c\u8d23\u201d\u3001\u201c\u52b3\u52a8\u7ade\u8d5b\u201d\u3001\u201c\u4e49\u52a1\u52b3\u52a8\u201d\u3001\u201c\u5c31\u4e1a\u8bad \u7ec3\u201d\u65e0\u4e0d\u8868\u660e\u4e3a\u4e86\u57f9\u517b\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u610f\u8bc6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5baa\u6cd5\u6240\u91c7\u53d6\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u6559\u80b2\u3001\u6559\u5316\u4e0e\u8bad\u7ec3\u7684\u624b\u6bb5\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u7b2c \u4e09\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5baa\u6cd5\u6027\u6587\u4ef6\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u660e\u786e\u627f\u8ba4\u5e76\u627f\u8bfa\u4e86\u7ea2\u8272\u653f\u6743\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7406\u6027\uff1a\u201c\u4e2d\u534e\u82cf\u7ef4\u57c3\u653f\u6743\u4ee5\u5f7b\u5e95\u6539\u5584\u5de5\u4eba\u9636\u7ea7\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u72b6\u51b5\u4e3a\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u5236\u5b9a\u52b3\u52a8\u6cd5\uff0c\u5ba3\u5e03\u516b\u5c0f\u65f6\u5de5\u4f5c\u5236\uff0c\u89c4 \u5b9a\u6700\u4f4e\u9650\u5ea6\u7684\u5de5\u8d44\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u521b\u7acb\u793e\u4f1a\u4fdd\u9669\u5236\u5ea6\u4e0e\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u5931\u4e1a\u6d25\u8d34\uff0c\u5e76\u5ba3\u5e03\u5de5\u4eba\u6709\u76d1\u7763\u751f\u4ea7\u4e4b\u6743\u3002\u201d\u6b64\u79cd\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u52b3\u52a8\u5bf9\u4eba\u4e4b\u751f\u5b58\u7ef4\u7cfb\u91cd\u8981\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u627f\u8ba4\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u5efa\u56fd\u540e\u5baa\u6cd5\u6587 \u672c\u4e2d\u5bf9\u52b3\u52a8\u6743\u5177\u6709\u793e\u4f1a\u6743\u6027\u8d28\u7684\u6839\u672c\u4fdd\u8bc1\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6211 \u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u6e05\u695a\u7684\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5baa\u6cd5\u6587\u4ef6\u91cc\uff0c\u201c\u52b3\u52a8\u201d\u5177\u6709\u53cc\u91cd\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u662f\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0a\u900f\u8fc7\u662f\u5426\u4ece\u4e8b\u52b3\u52a8\u4e0e\u662f\u5426\u5c5e\u4e8e\u52b3\u52a8\u9636\u5c42\u7684\u5224\u65ad\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u201c\u653f\u6743\u4e3b\u4eba\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u4ed6 \u8005\u201d\u7684\u533a\u5206\uff0c\u5bf9\u524d\u8005\u7684\u627f\u8ba4\u5c31\u662f\u5bf9\u540e\u8005\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u653e\u9010\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u91cc\uff0c\u4e0e\u6297\u65e5\u6218\u4e89\u65f6\u671f\u5bf9\u201c\u4e3b\u5974\u201d\u53d9\u4e8b\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u5916\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u601d\u8def\u4e0d\u8d77\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u5728\u98ce\u58f0\u9e64 \u5533\u7684\u201c\u56f4\u527f\u2014\u2014\u53cd\u56f4\u527f\u201d\u6597\u4e89\u4e2d\uff0c\u662f\u5426\u5c5e\u4e8e\u52b3\u52a8\u9636\u5c42\u7684\u9636\u7ea7\u6807\u51c6\u8d77\u5230\u4e86\u6839\u672c\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u8fd9\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u56fd\u5185\u9769\u547d\u65f6\u671f\u4e2d\u56fd\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u5bf9\u65f6\u52bf\u7684\u654f\u9510\u5224\u65ad\u4e0e\u5b9e\u4e8b\u6c42\u662f\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u667a \u6167\uff1b\u4e00\u4e2a\u662f\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e0a\u901a\u8fc7\u8bbe\u5b9a\u52b3\u52a8\u6743\u4e0e\u5de5\u4f5c\u6743\u6765\u786e\u7acb\u4e0e\u627f\u8ba4\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u201c\u52b3\u52a8\u521b\u9020\u4e16\u754c\u201d\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\uff0c\u5e76\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u9879\u56fd\u5bb6\u4f26\u7406\u52a0\u4ee5\u660e\u786e\u3002<\/p>\n

\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u8981\u900f\u5f7b\u7406\u89e3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5173\u4e8e\u201c\u52b3\u52a8\u201d\u7684\u89c4\u8303\u4f53\u7cfb\uff0c\u5c31\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u4e86\u89e3\u201c\u52b3\u52a8\u201d\u5728\u4e2d\u5171\u9769\u547d\u53f2\u4e0a\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u5730\u4f4d\u4e0e\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u6b64\u79cd\u201c\u9690\u85cf\u7684\u5baa\u6cd5\u201d\u624d\u662f\u7eb8\u9762\u7684\u89c4\u8303\u5f97\u4ee5\u751f\u6210\u7684\u6839\u672c\u539f\u56e0\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u201c\u52b3\u5de5\u795e\u5723\uff0c\u4e00\u5207\u4e1c\u897f\u90fd\u662f\u52b3\u5de5\u505a\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u2026\u52b3\u52a8\u7ec4\u5408\u7684\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u5c24\u5728\u517b\u6210\u9636\u7ea7\u7684\u81ea\u89c9\uff0c\u4ee5\u5168\u9636\u7ea7\u7684\u5927\u540c\u56e2\u7ed3\uff0c\u8c0b\u6c42\u5168\u9636\u7ea7\u7684\u6839\u672c\u5229\u76ca\u3002\u2026\u4e0d\u52b3\u52a8\u7684\u4e0d\u5f97\u98df\uff0c\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u83b7\u5f97\u7f62\u5de5\u7684\u6743\u5229\uff01\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u90fd\u662f\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u7684\uff01\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u56e2\u7ed3\u8d77\u6765\u201d[36]<\/p>\n

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\u7531\u52b3\u52a8\u5f15\u7533\u51fa\u52b3\u52a8\u9636\u7ea7\uff0c\u7531\u52b3\u52a8\u9636\u7ea7\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53c2\u7167\uff0c\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u540e\u6765\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u8bba\u8bc1\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u533a\u5206\u51fa\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u9636\u5c42\uff0c\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\u4ee5\u201c\u662f\u5426\u52b3\u52a8\u201d\u4e3a\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u4e5f\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u533a\u5206\u51fa\u5404\u79cd\u201c\u5265\u524a\u8005\u3001\u4e0d\u52b3\u800c\u83b7\u8005\u9636\u5c42\u201d\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u57281933\u5e74\u300a\u600e\u6837\u5206\u6790\u519c\u6751\u9636\u7ea7\u300b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u201c\u5730\u4e3b\u201d\u3001\u201c\u5bcc\u519c\u201d\u3001\u201c\u4e2d\u519c\u201d\u3001\u201c\u8d2b\u519c\u201d\u3001\u201c\u5de5\u4eba\u201d\u7684\u754c\u5b9a\uff0c\u5c31\u5b8c\u5168\u662f\u4ee5\u201c\u662f\u5426\u81ea\u5df1\u52b3\u52a8\u201d\u6216\u201c\u53ea\u6709\u9644\u5e26\u52b3\u52a8\u201d\u6216\u201c\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u52b3\u52a8\u201d\u7b49\u4e3a\u6807\u51c6\u8fdb\u884c\u5b9a\u4e49[37]\uff0c \u53c8\u6bd4\u5982\u5728\u66f4\u65e9\u7684\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u5404\u9636\u7ea7\u7684\u5206\u6790\u300b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5bf9\u201c\u5730\u4e3b\u9636\u7ea7\u4e0e\u4e70\u529e\u9636\u7ea7\u201d\u3001\u201c\u4e2d\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u201d\u3001\u201c\u5c0f\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u201d\u3001\u201c\u534a\u65e0\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u201d\u3001\u201c\u65e0\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u201d\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e5f\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u662f\u5426 \u5b58\u5728\u5b8c\u5168\u7684\u4e0d\u52b3\u800c\u83b7\u4e0e\u5265\u524a\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e4b\u4e0a\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u4e3a\u201c\u654c\u53cb\u201d\u5212\u5206\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u6e05\u6670\u7684\u601d\u8def\uff1a\u201c\u4e00\u5207\u52fe\u7ed3\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u519b\u9600\u3001\u5b98\u50da\u3001\u4e70\u529e\u9636\u7ea7\u3001\u5927\u5730\u4e3b\u9636\u7ea7\u4ee5\u53ca\u9644\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u4e00\u90e8 \u5206\u53cd\u52a8\u77e5\u8bc6\u754c\uff0c\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u654c\u4eba\u3002\u65e0\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u9769\u547d\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u529b\u91cf\u3002\u4e00\u5207\u534a\u65e0\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u3001\u5c0f\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\uff0c\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u6700\u63a5\u8fd1\u7684\u670b\u53cb\u3002\u201d\u4e3a\u5c06\u6765\u5728\u5efa\u56fd\u540e\u7684\u5baa\u6cd5\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u627f\u8ba4\u653f\u6743\u7684 \u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\uff08\u4e3b\uff09\u4e0e\u653f\u6743\u7684\u4ed6\u8005\uff08\u5974\uff09\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u6846\u67b6\u3002<\/p>\n

\u603b\u4e4b\uff0c\u8bde\u751f\u4e8e\u6297\u65e5\u6218\u4e89\u5168\u9762\u7206\u53d1\u524d\u5915\u7684\u300a\u4e2d\u534e\u82cf\u7ef4\u57c3\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u5baa\u6cd5\u5927\u7eb2\u300b\u5df2\u7136\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u4ee5\u201c\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u201d\u8eab\u4efd\u4e3a\u6839\u672c\u653f\u6cbb\u627f\u8ba4\u89c4\u8303\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u53d9\u4e8b\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u9002\u5e94\u5f53\u65f6\u9769\u547d\u5f62\u52bf\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u4e0b\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u5bf9\u201c\u654c\u4eba\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u670b\u53cb\u201d\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5212\u5206\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u201c\u52b3\u52a8\u201d\u5728\u5171\u540c\u7eb2\u9886\u4e2d\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u4f5c\u4e3a\u653f\u6cbb\u9053\u5fb7\u4e0e\u56fd\u5bb6\u4f26\u7406\u800c\u88ab\u660e\u786e\u627f\u8ba4\u3002\u300a\u5171\u540c\u7eb2\u9886\u300b\u7b2c\u56db\u5341\u4e8c\u6761\u89c4\u5b9a\uff1a\u201c\u63d0\u5021\u7231\u7956\u56fd\u3001\u7231\u4eba\u6c11\u3001\u7231\u52b3\u52a8\u3001\u7231\u79d1\u5b66\u3001\u7231\u62a4\u516c\u5171\u8d22\u7269\u4e3a\u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u5168\u4f53\u56fd\u6c11\u7684\u516c\u5fb7\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u603b \u4e4b\uff0c\u300a\u5171\u540c\u7eb2\u9886\u300b\u4e2d\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u6743\u89c4\u8303\u4f53\u7cfb\u662f\u5728\u65b0\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u5bf9\u300a\u4e2d\u534e\u82cf\u7ef4\u57c3\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u5baa\u6cd5\u5927\u7eb2\u300b\u7684\u7ee7\u627f\u4e0e\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5b83\u7ee7\u627f\u4e86\u201c\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u201d\u662f\u4e3b\u4eba\u7684\u6839\u672c\u601d\u8def\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0 \u51fa\u548c\u627f\u8ba4\u4e86\u5b83\u7684\u540c\u76df\u8005\uff0c\u5373\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u6709\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u7acb\u573a\u4e0e\u6c11\u65cf\u5927\u4e49\u7684\u5265\u524a\u8005\uff08\u6c11\u65cf\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\uff09\uff0c\u540c\u6837\u4e5f\u901a\u8fc7\u52b3\u52a8\u6280\u672f\u9884\u7559\u4e86\u5bf9\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u52a0\u4ee5\u6539\u9020\u548c\u8f6c\u53d8\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\uff1b\u53e6\u4e00 \u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u52b3\u52a8\u5728\u89c4\u8303\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e2d\u66f4\u660e\u663e\u4f53\u73b0\u51fa\u8f6c\u5316\u4e0e\u6539\u9020\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u9884\u8bbe\u4e86\u5bf9\u5265\u524a\u8005\u627f\u8ba4\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0e\u53ef\u80fd\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u9879\u56fd\u5bb6\u4f26\u7406\uff0c\u5728\u89c4\u8303\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e2d\u4e5f\u660e\u786e\u5efa\u7acb\u8d77\u6765\u3002<\/p>\n

\uff08\u4e09\uff09\u300a54\u5baa\u6cd5\u300b\uff1a\u52b3\u52a8\u6743\u4f5c\u4e3a\u786e\u8ba4\u201c\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u5efa\u8bbe\u4e0e\u6539\u9020\u7684\u4e3b\u4eba\u201d\u7684\u627f\u8ba4\u89c4\u8303<\/p>\n

\u300a54\u5baa\u6cd5\u300b\u4f5c\u4e3a\u65b0\u4e2d\u56fd\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u5baa\u6cd5\uff0c\u65e2\u662f\u5bf9\u65b0\u4e2d\u56fd\u6cd5\u7edf\u7684\u5f00\u521b\uff0c\u4e5f\u5e26\u6709\u5f88\u660e\u663e\u7684\u8fc7\u6e21\u6027\u8d28\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u52b3\u52a8\u6743\u89c4\u8303\u4f53\u7cfb\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5176\u627f\u8ba4\u89c4\u8303\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5c5e\u6027\u4e5f\u540c\u6837\u53d1\u6325\u4e86\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e0e\u300a\u5171\u540c\u7eb2\u9886\u300b\u5728\u5efa\u56fd\u65f6\u523b\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u4f7f\u547d\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u300a54\u5baa \u6cd5\u300b\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u4f7f\u547d\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u8981\u5728\u6839\u672c\u6cd5\u7684\u5c42\u9762\u6307\u660e\u8fc7\u6e21\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u603b\u4efb\u52a1\u4e0e\u5b9e\u73b0\u8be5\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u5185\u5916\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6761\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u786e\u7acb\u4e0e\u627f\u8ba4\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u5efa\u8bbe\u4e0e\u6539\u9020\u7684\u4e3b\u4eba\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4fc3\u4f7f\u5176\u53d1\u6325 \u51fa\u6700\u5927\u7684\u79ef\u6781\u6027\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e00\u73af\u3002\u800c\u8fd9\u79cd\u786e\u7acb\u4e0e\u627f\u8ba4\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u201c\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u53ca\u5176\u8054\u76df\u201d\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5177\u4f53\u5c06\u8fd9\u79cd\u627f\u8ba4\u89c4\u8303\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u4e2a\u8868\u73b0\u5f62\u5f0f\uff1a<\/p>\n

1\u3001\u53d1\u6325\u653f\u6cbb\u56e2\u7ed3\u4e0e\u653f\u6cbb\u6539\u9020\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u6743<\/p>\n

\u300a54\u5baa \u6cd5\u300b\u7b2c\u4e00\u6761\u5373\u89c4\u5b9a\uff1a\u201c\u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u662f\u5de5\u4eba\u9636\u7ea7\u9886\u5bfc\u7684\u3001\u4ee5\u5de5\u519c\u8054\u76df\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u4eba\u6c11\u6c11\u4e3b\u56fd\u5bb6\u201d\u3002\u5218\u5c11\u5947\u5728\u300a\u5173\u4e8e\u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u5baa\u6cd5\u8349\u6848\u7684\u62a5\u544a\u300b\u4e2d\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u89e3\u91ca\uff1a \u201c\u5728\u52b3\u52a8\u4eba\u6c11\u4e2d\uff0c\u9664\u5de5\u4eba\u519c\u6c11\u5916\uff0c\u6211\u56fd\u8fd8\u6709\u4e3a\u6570\u4e0d\u5c11\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\u548c\u4e61\u6751\u7684\u4e2a\u4f53\u624b\u5de5\u4e1a\u8005\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u975e\u519c\u4e1a\u7684\u4e2a\u4f53\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u4f9d\u9760\u52b3\u52a8\u8fc7\u6d3b\u7684\u3002\u5de5\u4eba\u9636\u7ea7\u5fc5\u987b\u5982\u540c\u56e2\u7ed3 \u519c\u6c11\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u5f88\u597d\u5730\u56e2\u7ed3\u8fd9\u4e9b\u52b3\u52a8\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u540c\u5efa\u8bbe\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u3002\u56e2\u7ed3\u8fd9\u4e9b\u52b3\u52a8\u4eba\u6c11\uff0c\u662f\u5c5e\u4e8e\u5de5\u519c\u8054\u76df\u7684\u8303\u7574\u4e4b\u5185\u7684\u201d\u3002\u201c\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u4ece\u5404\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u9636\u7ea7\u51fa\u8eab\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u672c\u8eab\u4e0d \u80fd\u5355\u72ec\u6784\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u9636\u7ea7\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u540c\u52b3\u52a8\u4eba\u4eec\u7ed3\u5408\u800c\u6210\u4e3a\u52b3\u52a8\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u201d\uff1b\u201c\u6211\u56fd\u5728\u8fc7\u6e21\u65f6\u671f\u8fd8\u6709\u6c11\u65cf\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u3002\u2026\u7ecf\u8fc7\u2018\u4e09\u53cd\u2019\u2018\u4e94\u53cd\u2019 \u7684\u4e25\u91cd\u6597\u4e89\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u8d44\u672c\u5bb6\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u89c9\u609f\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u8868\u793a\u613f\u610f\u63a5\u53d7\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u6539\u9020\u201d[38]\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u4e0a\u8ff0\u5f15\u6587\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u660e\u663e\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u627f\u8ba4\u89c4\u8303\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u6743\uff0c\u4e0e\u300a\u5171\u540c\u7eb2\u9886\u300b\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u653f\u6cbb\u56e2\u7ed3\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u66f4\u52a0\u660e\u663e\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u56e2\u7ed3\u65e2\u4f53\u73b0\u4e3a\u76f4\u63a5\u56e2\u7ed3\u5de5\u519c\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\uff0c\u4e5f\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\u901a\u8fc7\u6539\u9020\u6c11\u65cf\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\uff08\u6700\u540e\u7684\u5265\u524a\u8005\uff09\u95f4\u63a5\u56e2\u7ed3\u4e3a\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u5efa\u8bbe\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n

2\u3001\u53d1\u6325\u653f\u6cbb\u52a8\u5458\u4e0e\u653f\u6cbb\u627f\u8bfa\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u6743<\/p>\n

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\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u5957\u53d9\u4e8b\u80cc\u540e\uff0c\u59cb\u7ec8\u6709\u4e00\u6761\u9690\u85cf\u7684\u7ebf\u7d22\u5c31\u662f\u201c\u4e3b\u5974\u8fa9\u8bc1\u6cd5\u201d\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u8eab\u4efd\u7684\u89c9\u9192\u6765\u6297\u4e89\u4e0e\u6d88\u706d\u5265\u524a\u9636\u7ea7\uff08\u9769\u547d\u9636\u6bb5\uff09\u8fd8\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u8eab\u4efd\u6765\u6539\u9020\u5265\u524a\u9636\u7ea7\uff08\u4e3b\u5974\u5012\u7f6e\uff09\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u5728\u300a82\u5baa\u6cd5\u300b\u7684\u53d9\u4e8b\u6846\u67b6\u91cc\u6765\u76f8\u4e92\u627f\u8ba4\u5f7c\u6b64\u7684\u5408\u7406\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u5404\u4e2a\u5386\u53f2\u65f6\u671f\u201c\u4e3b\u4eba\u4e0e\u5974\u96b6\u201d\u8eab\u4efd\u7684\u6f14\u5316\u4e0e\u53d8\u6362\uff0c\u5c31\u6ca1\u6709\u5386\u53f2\u524d\u8fdb\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f59\u8bba\uff1a\u7406\u89e3\u201c\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u201d\u5baa\u6cd5<\/p>\n

\u4efb \u4f55\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fd\u65cf\u7684\u5baa\u6cd5\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u6210\u6587\u8fd8\u662f\u4e0d\u6210\u6587\u7684\uff0c\u90fd\u6709\u5b83\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u751f\u547d\u8f68\u8ff9\u4e0e\u6f14\u8fdb\u903b\u8f91\u3002\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u9002\u5ea6\u5730\u62b5\u6297\u201c\u666e\u9002\u6027\u201d\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u786e\u4fdd\u5b66\u672f\u8bdd\u8bed\u7684\u81ea\u4e3b\u6027\uff0c\u66f4 \u662f\u53d1\u73b0\u201c\u771f\u5b9e\u201d\u7684\u5fc5\u987b\u3002\u672c\u6587\u4ee5\u201c\u52b3\u52a8\u6743\u201d\u4e3a\u5178\u578b\uff0c\u7b80\u7565\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e86\u5b83\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u8bed\u5883\u3001\u8109\u7edc\u4e0e\u903b\u8f91\u3002\u5b83\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u4e86\u89e3\u5230\uff0c\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5baa\u6cd5\u6761\u6b3e\u4e0d\u540c\u4e8e\u5baa\u6cd5\u89c4\u8303\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u4f9d\u9760\u6587 \u672c\uff0c\u56f4\u7ed5\u6761\u6587\u53ca\u5176\u610f\u4e49\u8109\u7edc\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u89c4\u8303\uff1b\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5baa\u6cd5\u89c4\u8303\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u8303\u56f4\u4e5f\u9700\u8981\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u793e\u4f1a\u3001\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u8bed\u5883\u4e2d\u52a0\u4ee5\u5f00\u6398\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bed\u5883\u5c31\u5fc5\u7136\u5177\u6709\u4e2d\u56fd\u6027\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e2d \u56fd\u300a\u5baa\u6cd5\u300b\u89c4\u8303\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5b83\u5728\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u66b4\u529b\u9769\u547d\u540e\u901a\u8fc7\u6cd5\u5f8b\u53d9\u4e8b\u6765\u5f25\u5408\u88c2\u7f1d\u7684\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u8981\u7406\u89e3\u5b83\u4eec\uff0c\u9769\u547d\u2014\u2014\u5efa\u56fd\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u610f\u8bc6\u66f4\u662f\u5fc5\u4e0d\u53ef\u5c11\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5386\u53f2\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u6316\u6398\u8fc7\u7a0b \u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u6761\u9010\u6e10\u6e05\u6670\u7684\u7ebf\u7d22\u5411\u6211\u4eec\u5c55\u5f00\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\u5bf9\u4e8e\u52b3\u52a8\u6743\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5b83\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ece\u4e8b\u5b9e\u6027\u6982\u5ff5\u201c\u52b3\u52a8\u201d\u5230\u89c4\u8303\u6027\u6982\u5ff5\u201c\u52b3\u52a8\u6743\u201d\u7684\u6f14\u53d8\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff1a\u52b3\u52a8\u6700\u521d\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4e8b\u5b9e\u7684\u6d3b \u52a8\uff0c\u4f46\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u9769\u547d\u4e0e\u9769\u547d\u5bb6\u63d0\u70bc\u51fa\u5b83\u7684\u89c4\u8303\u6027\u5185\u6db5\uff0c\u201c\u6709\u6743\u52b3\u52a8\u201d\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u6b63\u5f53\u6027\u5ba3\u79f0\uff0c\u800c\u6b64\u79cd\u6b63\u5f53\u6027\u5ba3\u79f0\u53c8\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u53ea\u5177\u6709\u83b7\u5f97\u751f\u5b58\u4e0e\u6e29\u9971\u7684\u4e2a\u4f53\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u4e0d\u65ad \u5c06\u201c\u6709\u6743\u52b3\u52a8\u201d\u6807\u8bc6\u4e3a\u4e0d\u540c\u9636\u6bb5\u653f\u6cbb\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u7684\u5408\u683c\u6210\u5458\u8eab\u4efd\uff1b\u4ece\u800c\uff0c\u6211\u56fd\u52b3\u52a8\u6743\u89c4\u8303\u6027\u5185\u6db5\u7684\u6f14\u53d8\u4e5f\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ece\u751f\u5b58\u8bba\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u201c\u6709\u6743\u52b3\u52a8\u4ee5\u83b7\u5f97\u751f\u5b58\u4e4b\u53ef\u80fd\u201d\u5230\u653f\u6cbb \u8bba\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u201c\u6709\u6743\u52b3\u52a8\u4ee5\u83b7\u5f97\u56fd\u5bb6\u653f\u6cbb\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u4e3b\u4eba\u5730\u4f4d\u201d\u7684\u6f14\u53d8\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7eaf\u7cb9\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u6743\u5411\u590d\u5408\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u653f\u6cbb\u6743\u7684\u6f14\u53d8\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u80cc\u540e\u4ea4\u7ec7\u7684\u6b63\u662f\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u7684 \u9886\u5bfc\u4e0b\u4e2d\u56fd\u9769\u547d\u4e0e\u5efa\u56fd\u6ce2\u6f9c\u58ee\u9614\u7684\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u6709\u7740\u4e2d\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u53d1\u5c55\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u72ec\u6709\u7684\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u3001\u5386\u53f2\u903b\u8f91\u4e0e\u53d9\u4e8b\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u90fd\u65e0\u6cd5\u7b80\u5355\u5957\u7528\u4ece\u897f\u65b9\u5e02\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u5b55\u80b2\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u6743\u903b\u8f91 \u548c\u540e\u6765\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u6743\u903b\u8f91\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u4f9d\u9760\u6211\u4eec\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u6750\u6599\u6765\u52a0\u4ee5\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7406\u89e3\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u4f1a\u5bf9\u73b0\u884c\u5baa\u6cd5\u8fbe\u81f4\u201c\u540c\u60c5\u201d\uff0c\u8fd9\u6216\u8bb8\u5c31\u662f\u6881\u6f31\u6e9f\u8001\u5148\u751f\u6240\u8c13\u4e4b\u5bf9\u5f85\u4e2d\u56fd \u5386\u53f2\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u9700\u8981\u201c\u540c\u60c5\u4e4b\u7406\u89e3\u201d\u4e4b\u4e00\u89e3\u5427\u3002<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u6ce8\u91ca:<\/p>\n

[1] \u8ba4\u4e3a\u52b3\u52a8\u6743\u540c\u65f6\u5177\u5907\u81ea\u7531\u6743\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6743\u4e24\u79cd\u6027\u8d28\u7684\u4e3b\u6d41\u5b66\u8bf4\u53ef\u4ee5\u53c2\u89c1\u97e9\u5927\u5143\uff1a\u300a\u5baa\u6cd5\u5b66\u57fa\u7840\u7406\u8bba\u300b\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u6cd5\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e2008\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c302\u9875\uff1b\u80e1\u9526\u5149\u3001\u97e9\u5927\u5143\uff1a\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5baa\u6cd5\u300b\uff08\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7248\uff09\uff0c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u51fa\u7248\u793e2004\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c295\u9875\u3002\u5f20\u5343\u5e06\u4e3b\u7f16\uff1a\u300a\u5baa\u6cd5\u5b66\u300b\uff08\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7248\uff09\uff0c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u51fa\u7248\u793e2008\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c216\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n

[2] \u5178 \u578b\u89c2\u70b9\u5982\u56db\u5ddd\u5927\u5b66\u5468\u4f1f\u6559\u6388\u6307\u51fa\u7684\uff1a\u201c\u4ece\u6cd5\u5f8b\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u770b\uff0c\u5c06\u52b3\u52a8\u89c4\u5b9a\u4e3a\u516c\u6c11\u7684\u4e00\u9879\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e49\u52a1\u4f3c\u4e4e\u662f\u6211\u56fd\u5baa\u6cd5\u7279\u6709\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u3002\u5728\u5baa\u6cd5\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u52b3\u52a8\u80fd\u5426\u6210\u4e3a\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e0a\u7684 \u4e49\u52a1\u672c\u8eab\u5373\u5b58\u5728\u4e89\u8bae\uff0c\u6545\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6211\u56fd\u5c06\u52b3\u52a8\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u4e49\u52a1\u89c4\u5b9a\u5728\u5baa\u6cd5\u91cc\u9762\uff0c\u6216\u8bb8\u5176\u5ba3\u793a\u610f\u4e49\u5927\u4e8e\u5b9e\u9645\u610f\u4e49\u3002\u201d\uff0c\u89c1\u7ae5\u4e4b\u4f1f\u4e3b\u7f16\uff1a\u300a\u5baa\u6cd5\u5b66\u300b\uff0c\u6e05\u534e\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e2008\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c213\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n

[3] \u5baa\u6cd5\u89e3\u91ca\u4e0e\u5baa\u6cd5\u9610\u91ca\u7684\u533a\u522b\u5728\u4e8e\u5bf9\u5f85\u5baa\u6cd5\u6587\u672c\u662f\u4ee5\u4e00\u79cd\u539f\u65e8\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u6765\u5bfb\u6c42\u539f\u521d\u7684\u5baa\u6cd5\u542b\u4e49\u8fd8\u662f\u4ee5\u4e00\u79cd\u653f\u6cbb\u6cd5\u7406\u5b66\uff08politics of Jurisprudence\uff09\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u901a\u8fc7\u201c\u89e3\u91ca\u201d\u800c\u53d1\u5c55\u5176\u542b\u4e49\uff0c\u4ee5\u7b26\u5408\u5f53\u4e0b\u8be0\u91ca\u8005\u7684\u7acb\u573a\u9700\u8981\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u53ef\u4ee5\u53c2\u89c1D. Goldford, The American Constitution and the Debate over Originalism , Cambridge University Press 2005, p25. K. Whittington, Constitutional Interpretation: Textual Meaning, Original Intent, and Judicial Review, 1999<\/p>\n

[4] R. Alexy, A Theory of Constitutional Rights, Oxford Press2002,,p19<\/p>\n

[1] ibid, p20<\/p>\n

[2] \u89c4\u8303\u4ece\u7eaf\u7cb9\u7684\u6cd5\u5b66\u7acb\u573a\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6709\u5173\u547d\u4ee4\uff08command\uff09\u3001\u7981\u6b62(permit)\u3001\u6388\u6743\uff08authority\uff09\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u7684\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u51ef\u5c14\u68ee\uff1b\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ec5\u4ec5\u5c31\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u5965\u65af\u6c40\uff1b\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e86\u53cd\u601d\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u89c4\u5219\uff08social rule\uff09\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u54c8\u7279\uff1b\u4ece\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u201c\u5bf9\u4eba\u4ea4\u4e92\u884c\u4e3a\u6240\u4ea7\u751f\u9884\u671f\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u201d\uff0c\u5982\u9c81\u66fc\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u65e2\u6709\u8bed\u4e49\u5b66\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u66f4\u6709\u8bed\u7528\u5b66\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n

[3] R. Alexy, A Theory of Constitutional Rights, Oxford Press2002,,p22<\/p>\n

[4] R. Alexy, A Theory of Constitutional Rights, Oxford Press2002,,p31<\/p>\n

[5] ibid<\/p>\n

[6] R. Alexy, A Theory of Constitutional Rights, Oxford Press2002,,p32<\/p>\n

[7] \u5468\u5a67\uff1a\u300a\u8bba\u5baa\u6cd5\u52b3\u52a8\u6743\u7684\u53cc\u91cd\u6027\u683c\u300b\uff0c\u8f7d\u300a\u5357\u4eac\u519c\u4e1a\u5b66\u62a5\u300b2006\u5e74\u7b2c2\u5377\u7b2c2\u671f<\/p>\n

[8] \u5178\u578b\u5982\u5468\u5a67\uff1a\u300a\u8bba\u5baa\u6cd5\u52b3\u52a8\u6743\u7684\u53cc\u91cd\u6027\u683c\u300b\uff0c\u8f7d\u300a\u5357\u4eac\u519c\u4e1a\u5b66\u62a5\u300b2006\u5e74\u7b2c2\u5377\u7b2c2\u671f\uff1b\u5f90\u521a\uff0c\u65b9\u7acb\u65b0\uff1a\u300a\u8bba\u52b3\u52a8\u6743\u5728\u6211\u56fd\u5baa\u6cd5\u4e0a\u7684\u5b9a\u4f4d\u300b\uff0c\u8f7d\u300a\u6d59\u6c5f\u5927\u5b66\u5b66\u62a5\u300b2007\u5e74\u7b2c4\u671f\u3002<\/p>\n

[9] \u97e9\u5927\u5143\u3001\u6797\u6765\u68b5\u3001\u90d1\u8d24\u541b\uff1a\u300a\u5baa\u6cd5\u5b66\u4e13\u9898\u7814\u7a76\u300b\uff08\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7248\uff09\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u6c11\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e2008\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c437\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n

[10] \u4ece\u91ca\u4e49\u5b66\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u975e\u5e38\u6807\u51c6\u4e0e\u89c4\u8303\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5178\u578b\u4f5c\u54c1\u662f\u738b\u9534\uff1a\u300a\u8bba\u5baa\u6cd5\u4e0a\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u6743\u4e0e\u52b3\u52a8\u4e49\u52a1\u300b\uff0c\u8f7d\u300a\u6cd5\u5b66\u5bb6\u300b2008\u5e74\u7b2c4\u671f\u3002<\/p>\n

[11] \u6211\u56fd\u76ee\u524d\u7684\u5baa\u6cd5\u6559\u79d1\u4e66\u5bf9\u52b3\u52a8\u6743\u542b\u4e49\u4e4b\u8bf4\u660e\uff0c\u5927\u4f53\u91c7\u7528\u201c\u6ce8\u91ca\u201d\u6027\u7684\u8bdd\u8bed\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u9488\u5bf9\u7b2c42\u6761\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u8fdb\u884c\u6982\u62ec\uff0c\u7f3a\u4e4f\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bba\u4e0a\u7684\u81ea\u89c9\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u6559\u6750\u6027\u8d28\u7684\u5199\u4f5c\u6240\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>\n

[12] \u80e1\u9526\u5149\u3001\u97e9\u5927\u5143\uff1a\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5baa\u6cd5\u300b\uff08\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7248\uff09\uff0c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u51fa\u7248\u793e2004\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c295\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n

[13] \u8bb8\u5d07\u5fb7\u7b49\uff1a\u300a\u5baa\u6cd5\u300b\uff08\u7b2c\u4e09\u7248\uff09\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u6c11\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e2006\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c228\u9875<\/p>\n

[14] \u80e1\u9526\u5149\u3001\u97e9\u5927\u5143\uff1a\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5baa\u6cd5\u300b\uff08\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7248\uff09\uff0c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u51fa\u7248\u793e2004\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c296\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n

[15] \u8bb8\u5d07\u5fb7\u7b49\uff1a\u300a\u5baa\u6cd5\u300b\uff08\u7b2c\u4e09\u7248\uff09\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u6c11\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e2006\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c228\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n

[16] \u8521\u5b9a\u5251\uff1a\u300a\u5baa\u6cd5\u7cbe\u89e3\u300b\uff08\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7248\uff09\uff0c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u51fa\u7248\u793e2006\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c271\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n

[17] \u89c1\u8096\u851a\u4e91\u3001\u738b\u7440\u3001\u5f20\u7fd4\u7f16\uff1a\u300a\u5baa\u6cd5\u5b66\u53c2\u8003\u8d44\u6599\u300b\uff08\u4e0a\uff09\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e2003\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c94\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n

[18] \u540c\u4e0a\uff0c\u7b2c97\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n

[19]\u89c1\u8096\u851a\u4e91\u3001\u738b\u7440\u3001\u5f20\u7fd4\u7f16\uff1a\u300a\u5baa\u6cd5\u5b66\u53c2\u8003\u8d44\u6599\u300b\uff08\u4e0a\uff09\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e2003\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c99\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n

[20] \u3010\u5fb7\u3011\u9ed1\u683c\u5c14\uff1a\u300a\u7cbe\u795e\u73b0\u8c61\u5b66\u300b\uff08\u4e0a\uff09\uff0c\u8d3a\u9e9f\u8bd1\uff0c\u5546\u52a1\u5370\u4e66\u99861997\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c127\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n

[21] \u3010\u5fb7\u3011\u9ed1\u683c\u5c14\uff1a\u300a\u7cbe\u795e\u73b0\u8c61\u5b66\u300b\uff08\u4e0a\uff09\uff0c\u8d3a\u9e9f\u8bd1\uff0c\u5546\u52a1\u5370\u4e66\u99861997\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c129\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n

[22] \u3010\u5fb7\u3011\u9ed1\u683c\u5c14\uff1a\u300a\u7cbe\u795e\u73b0\u8c61\u5b66\u300b\uff08\u4e0a\uff09\uff0c\u8d3a\u9e9f\u8bd1\uff0c\u5546\u52a1\u5370\u4e66\u99861997\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c126\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n

[23] \u3010\u5fb7\u3011\u9ed1\u683c\u5c14\uff1a\u300a\u7cbe\u795e\u73b0\u8c61\u5b66\u300b\uff08\u4e0a\uff09\uff0c\u8d3a\u9e9f\u8bd1\uff0c\u5546\u52a1\u5370\u4e66\u99861997\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c130\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n

[24] \u859b\u534e\uff1a\u300a\u9ed1\u683c\u5c14\u3001\u54c8\u8d1d\u9a6c\u65af\u4e0e\u81ea\u7531\u610f\u8bc6\u300b\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u6cd5\u5236\u51fa\u7248\u793e2008\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c222\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n

[25] \u3010\u5fb7\u3011\u9ed1\u683c\u5c14\uff1a\u300a\u7cbe\u795e\u73b0\u8c61\u5b66\u300b\uff08\u4e0a\uff09\uff0c\u8d3a\u9e9f\u8bd1\uff0c\u5546\u52a1\u5370\u4e66\u99861997\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c131\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n

[26]\u300a\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u6069\u683c\u65af\u5168\u96c6\u300b\u7b2c2\u7248\u7b2c3\u5377\u7b2c319\u2014320\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n

[27]\u300a\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u6069\u683c\u65af\u5168\u96c6\u300b\u7b2c2\u7248\u7b2c3\u5377\uff0c\u7b2c442\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n

[28] \u5177\u4f53\u5c55\u5f00\u89c1\uff1a\u3010\u5fb7\u3011\u970d\u5948\u7279\uff1a\u300a\u4e3a\u627f\u8ba4\u800c\u6597\u4e89\u300b\uff0c\u80e1\u7ee7\u534e\u8bd1\uff0c\u4e0a\u6d77\u4e16\u7eaa\u51fa\u7248\u96c6\u56e22005\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c122\u9875\u53ca\u4ee5\u4e0b\u3002<\/p>\n

[29] \u3010\u963f\u6839\u5ef7\u3011\u5361\u6d1b\u65af.\u6851\u8fea\u4e9a\u6208.\u5c3c\u8bfa\uff1a\u300a\u614e\u8bae\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u5baa\u6cd5\u300b\uff0c\u8d75\u96ea\u7eb2\u8bd1\uff0c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u51fa\u7248\u793e2009\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c12\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n

[30] \u201c\u653f \u9053\u201d\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u201c\u6cbb\u9053\u201d\u800c\u8a00\u3002\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u653f\u9053\u201d\u662f\u5bf9\u653f\u6743\u6765\u8bf4\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u653f\u6cbb\u7edf\u6cbb\u4e0e\u653f\u6cbb\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u6839\u672c\u6b63\u5f53\u6027\uff0c\u201c\u6cbb\u9053\u201d\u662f\u76f8\u5bf9\u6cbb\u6743\u6765\u8bf4\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u653f\u6cbb\u5b9e\u4f53\u5177\u4f53\u6cbb\u7406\u7684\u6280\u672f\u4e0e\u6743 \u529b\u3002\u300a\u82cf\u7ef4\u57c3\u5baa\u6cd5\u5927\u7eb2\u300b\u7684\u9881\u5e03\u662f\u5728\u6cd5\u7406\u4e0a\u201c\u521b\u8bbe\u201d\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u6b63\u5f53\u6027\uff0c\u8fd9\u65e2\u8868\u660e\u4e86\u4e0e\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u7edf\u6cbb\u96c6\u56e2\u5728\u6cd5\u7406\u4e0a\u7684\u5206\u5ead\u6297\u793c\u4e4b\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u5728\u82cf\u533a\u786e\u7acb\u7684\u6cd5\u79e9\u5e8f \u4e4b\u201c\u627f\u8ba4\u89c4\u8303\u201d\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u6709\u6548\u6027\u662f\u7531\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u793e\u4f1a\u5b9e\u5b58\u7684\u72b6\u51b5\u6240\u51b3\u5b9a\u7684\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u201c\u653f\u9053\u201d\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u201c\u653f\u9053\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u6cbb\u9053\u201d\u5b66\u7406\u4e0a\u7684\u6df1\u5165\u533a\u5206\u53ef\u4ee5\u53c2\u89c1\u725f\u5b97\u4e09\uff1a\u300a\u653f \u9053\u4e0e\u6cbb\u9053\u300b\uff0c\u5e7f\u897f\u5e08\u8303\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e2006\u5e74\u7248\u3002<\/p>\n

[31] \u300a\u4e2d\u534e\u82cf\u7ef4\u57c3\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u5baa\u6cd5\u5927\u7eb2\u300b\uff081934\u5e74\u901a\u8fc7\uff09\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6761<\/p>\n

[32] \u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u5404\u9636\u7ea7\u7684\u5206\u6790\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u9009\u96c6\u300b\uff0c\u7b2c1\u5377\uff08\u7b2c2\u7248\uff09\uff0c\u7b2c3\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n

[33] \u3010\u7f8e\u3011\u6c64\u68ee\u3001\u6c83\u9a6c\u514b\uff1a\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u6cbb\u300b\uff0c\u987e\u901f\u7b49\u8bd1\uff0c\u6c5f\u82cf\u4eba\u6c11\u51fa\u7248\u793e2007\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c113\u2014\u2014114\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n

[34] \u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u300a\u7edf\u4e00\u6218\u7ebf\u4e2d\u7684\u72ec\u7acb\u81ea\u4e3b\u95ee\u9898\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u9009\u96c6\u300b\u7b2c2\u5377\uff08\u7b2c2\u7248\uff09\uff0c\u7b2c539\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n

[35] \u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u5404\u9636\u7ea7\u7684\u5206\u6790\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u9009\u96c6\u300b\uff0c\u7b2c1\u5377\uff08\u7b2c2\u7248\uff09\uff0c\u7b2c3\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n

[36] \u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u300a\u6240\u5bc4\u5e0c\u671b\u4e8e\u52b3\u5de5\u4f1a\u7684\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u6587\u96c6\u300b\u7b2c1\u5377\uff0c\u7b2c6\u2014\u20147\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n

[37] \u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u300a\u600e\u6837\u5206\u6790\u519c\u6751\u9636\u7ea7\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u9009\u4e3e\u300b\u7b2c1\u5377\uff0c\u7b2c127\u2014\u2014129\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n

[38] \u5218\u5c11\u5947\u300a\u5173\u4e8e\u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u5baa\u6cd5\u8349\u6848\u7684\u62a5\u544a\u300b\uff0c\u53c2\u89c1\u8096\u851a\u4e91\u3001\u738b\u79b9\u3001\u5f20\u7fd4\u7f16\uff1a\u300a\u5baa\u6cd5\u5b66\u53c2\u8003\u8d44\u6599\u300b\uff08\u4e0a\uff09\uff0c\u7b2c17\u2014\u201418\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n

[39] \u97e9\u5927\u5143\u7f16\u8457\uff1a\u300a1954\u5e74\u5baa\u6cd5\u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd\u5baa\u653f\u300b\uff08\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7248\uff09\uff0c\u6b66\u6c49\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e2008\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c131\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u4f5c\u8005\u7b80\u4ecb\uff1a\u738b\u65ed\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u6c11\u5927\u5b66\u6cd5\u5b66\u9662\u535a\u58eb\u540e\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u3002\u611f\u8c22\u97e9\u5927\u5143\u8001\u5e08\u3001\u6797\u6765\u68b5\u8001\u5e08\u3001\u674e\u6811\u5fe0\u8001\u5e08\u3001\u6731\u56fd\u658c\u8001\u5e08\u5bf9\u672c\u6587\u521d\u7a3f\u7684\u6279\u8bc4\u4e0e\u6307\u5bfc\u610f\u89c1\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u6587\u8d23\u81ea\u8d1f\u3002\u672c\u6587\u7cfb\u4f5c\u8005\u4e3b\u6301\u7684\u7b2c\u56db\u5341\u56db\u6279\u4e2d\u56fd\u535a\u58eb\u540e\u79d1\u5b66\u57fa\u91d1\u8d44\u52a9\u9879\u76ee\u201c\u5b9e\u8df5\u7406\u6027\u5728\u5baa\u6cd5\u9002\u7528\u4e2d\u7684\u5c55\u5f00\uff1a\u4ee5\u5baa\u6cd5\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u201d\uff08\u9879\u76ee\u53f720080440466\uff09\u7684\u9636\u6bb5\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6587\u7ae0\u6765\u6e90\uff1a\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u6cd5\u5b66\u300b\u00a02010\u5e74\u7b2c3\u671f<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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