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Transition)(Nee, 1989; Meng, 2000: 1)\u7684\u5fc5\u7136\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u585e\u52d2\u5c3c\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u201c\u518d\u5206\u914d\u4f53\u5236\u201d\u6307\u7684\u662f\u6240\u6709\u793e\u4f1a\u5269\u4f59\u90fd\u96c6\u4e2d\u4e8e\u4e2d\u592e\u7684\u5206\u914d\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u88ab\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u7279\u5f81\u3002(Szelenyi\uff0c1978\uff1b\u674e\u8def\u8def\uff0c2003\uff1a4)\u4ece\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e0e\u5de5\u4eba\u9636\u7ea7\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u8bb2\uff0c\u5b83\u5b9e\u9645\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5229\u76ca\u4ea4\u6362\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5951\u7ea6\u673a\u5236\u3002\u201c\u518d\u5206\u914d\u4f53\u5236\u201d\u7684\u5b9e\u884c\u5fc5\u7136\u8981\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u81ea\u4e0b\u800c\u4e0a\u7684\u5de5\u4eba\u914d\u5408\uff0c\u53ea\u4e0d\u8fc7\u540e\u8005\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u9690\u6027\u7684\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u662f\u56fd\u5bb6\u901a\u8fc7\u518d\u5206\u914d\u4f53\u7cfb\u8d4b\u4e88\u5de5\u4eba\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u798f\u5229\u5f85\u9047\u548c\u5bbd\u677e\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u573a\u6240\uff1b\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u662f\u5355\u4f4d\u4f53\u5236\u4e0b\u5de5\u4eba\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5408\u4f5c\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u6c89\u9ed8\u3002\u5e02\u573a\u5316\u6539\u9769\u8d4b\u4e88\u4f01\u4e1a\u548c\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u4ee5\u4e3b\u4f53\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u4ece\u6839\u672c\u4e0a\u5c06\u5355\u4f4d\u8eab\u4efd\u7684\u5de5\u4eba\u8f6c\u53d8\u4e3a\u516c\u6c11\u8eab\u4efd\u7684\u5de5\u4eba\uff0c\u800c\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e3b\u4e49\u516c\u6c11\u8eab\u4efd\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u5951\u7ea6\u5fc5\u7136\u662f\u73b0\u4ee3\u5951\u7ea6\u3002\u5728\u5b8f\u89c2\u5c42\u9762\uff0c\u5de5\u4eba\u4ece\u5355\u4f4d\u4eba\u8f6c\u53d8\u4e3a\u56fd\u5bb6\u516c\u6c11\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u6743\u5229\u4e3b\u4f53\uff0c\u6446\u8131\u4e86\u5bf9\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u4f9d\u9644\u5730\u4f4d\uff1b\u4ece\u4e0e\u56fd\u5bb6\u5355\u7eaf\u7684\u884c\u653f\u5173\u7cfb\u53d1\u5c55\u5230\u4ee5\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e3a\u4e3b\uff0c\u4ee5\u884c\u653f\u4e3a\u8f85\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u5728\u5fae\u89c2\u5c42\u9762\uff0c\u52b3\u52a8\u5173\u7cfb\u4f34\u968f\u5355\u4f4d\u529f\u80fd\u5206\u5316\u7684\u6539\u9769\u800c\u8f6c\u53d8\u4e3a\u5355\u7eaf\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u6027\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u548c\u5de5\u4eba\u7ad9\u5728\u5f62\u5f0f\u5e73\u7b49\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u4e0a\uff0c\u6309\u7167\u5e02\u573a\u89c4\u5f8b\u81ea\u7531\u7f14\u7ed3\u52b3\u52a8\u5408\u540c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>(\u4e00)\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e0e\u5de5\u4eba\u9636\u7ea7\u5951\u7ea6\u5728\u5b8f\u89c2\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u53d8\u5316<\/p>\n<p>\u5c31\u603b\u4f53\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5bf9\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e0e\u5de5\u4eba\u9636\u7ea7\u5951\u7ea6\u5173\u7cfb\u53d8\u5316\u8d77\u51b3\u5b9a\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u662f\u4ee5\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5efa\u8bbe\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u56fd\u7b56\uff0c\u662f\u56fd\u5bb6\u8ba1\u5212\u5411\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5e02\u573a\u7684\u8ba9\u6b65\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\u5355\u4f4d\u4f53\u5236\u7684\u74e6\u89e3\u548c\u4e3b\u4f53\u6027\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u3002\u4ece\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u5b9e\u8df5\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u4ee5\u751f\u4ea7\u4e3a\u4e3b\u8981\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u4e3b\u4f53\u6027\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u662f\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e0e\u5de5\u4eba\u9636\u7ea7\u4f20\u7edf\u5951\u7ea6\u5173\u7cfb\u8f6c\u53d8\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u3002\u5728\u8fc7\u53bb\u5355\u4f4d\u4f53\u5236\u4e0b\u7684\u56fd\u6709\u4f01\u4e1a\u4e2d\uff0c\u52b3\u52a8\u5173\u7cfb\u51e0\u4e4e\u53ef\u4ee5\u6db5\u76d6\u5de5\u4eba\u9636\u7ea7\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u4ea7\u3001\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u90fd\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u56fd\u5bb6\u8ba1\u5212\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u4f01\u4e1a\u8fd8\u662f\u5de5\u4eba\u9636\u7ea7\u90fd\u662f\u56fd\u5bb6\u8ba1\u5212\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u5de5\u4eba\u9636\u7ea7\u662f\u88ab\u5305\u88f9\u5728\u56fd\u5bb6\u8ba1\u5212\u4e4b\u4e2d\u7684\u3002\u5e02\u573a\u5316\u6539\u9769\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u7ed3\u679c\u662f\u5de5\u4eba\u9636\u7ea7\u88ab\u4ece\u56fd\u5bb6\u4f53\u7cfb\u5f53\u4e2d\u91ca\u653e\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u5e76\u6210\u4e3a\u5e02\u573a\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u72ec\u7acb\u4e3b\u4f53\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u5f88\u591a\u5b66\u8005\u6240\u79f0\u7684\u201c\u5de5\u4eba\u9636\u7ea7\u518d\u5f62\u6210\u201d\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002(\u5434\u6e05\u519b\uff0c2007\uff1b\u5434\u6e05\u519b\uff0c2008\uff1b\u5434\u6e05\u519b\uff0c2010\uff1b\u6c88\u539f\uff0c2006\uff1b\u6f58\u6bc5\u7b49\uff0c2009\uff0c)\u6b64\u540e\uff0c\u5de5\u4eba\u548c\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u7ad9\u5728\u4e3b\u4f53\u5e73\u7b49\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u4e0a\u8ba2\u7acb\u73b0\u4ee3\u5951\u7ea6\uff0c\u4e0d\u518d\u662f\u524d\u8005\u4f9d\u9644\u4e8e\u540e\u8005\uff1b\u4e0e\u5e02\u573a\u8f6c\u578b\u76f8\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u9010\u6e10\u5efa\u7acb\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u5de5\u4eba\u5728\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u4eba\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6743\u5229\u7684\u754c\u5b9a\u4e0b\u4f5c\u4e3a\u516c\u6c11\u9762\u5bf9\u56fd\u5bb6\u3002\u5de5\u4eba\u5728\u65e2\u5b9a\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u548c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e2d\u751f\u6d3b\u5e76\u4ee5\u6b64\u6362\u53d6\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u4fdd\u62a4\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u5728\u56fd\u4f01\u6539\u5236\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5951\u7ea6\u548c\u73b0\u4ee3\u5951\u7ea6\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u76f4\u5b58\u5728\u7684\uff0c\u53ea\u4e0d\u8fc7\u540e\u8005\u5728\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u9010\u6e10\u88ab\u66f4\u591a\u8fd0\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9e\u8df5\u3002\u6309\u7167\u9648\u4e91\u7684\u201c\u9e1f\u7b3c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u201d\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6539\u9769\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u8981\u8ba9\u5e02\u573a\u8131\u79bb\u56fd\u5bb6\u8ba1\u5212\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8981\u5728\u56fd\u5bb6\u8ba1\u5212\u7684\u6307\u5bfc\u4e0b\uff0c\u7ed9\u4e88\u5e02\u573a\u9002\u5ea6\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u201c\u8fd9\u5c31\u50cf\u9e1f\u548c\u7b3c\u5b50\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u9e1f\u4e0d\u80fd\u634f\u5728\u624b\u91cc\uff0c\u634f\u5728\u624b\u91cc\u4f1a\u6b7b\uff0c\u8981\u8ba9\u5b83\u98de\uff0c\u4f46\u53ea\u80fd\u8ba9\u5b83\u5728\u7b3c\u5b50\u91cc\u98de\u3002\u6ca1\u6709\u7b3c\u5b50\uff0c\u5b83\u5c31\u98de\u8dd1\u4e86\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8bf4\u9e1f\u662f\u641e\u6d3b\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u7b3c\u5b50\u5c31\u662f\u56fd\u5bb6\u8ba1\u5212\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u2018\u7b3c\u5b50\u2019\u5927\u5c0f\u8981\u9002\u5f53\uff0c\u8be5\u591a\u5927\u5c31\u591a\u5927\u3002\u201d(\u9648\u4e91\uff0c1995\uff1a320)\u6b63\u56e0\u4e3a\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u6539\u9769\u9996\u5148\u662f\u7531\u56fd\u5bb6\u63a8\u52a8\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u662f\u5728\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e3b\u5bfc\u4e0b\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u3002\u5e02\u573a\u88ab\u5141\u8bb8\u9010\u6e10\u6210\u957f\u3001\u4e0d\u65ad\u6269\u5c55\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u59cb\u7ec8\u8981\u88ab\u4fdd\u7559\u5728\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u8303\u56f4\u5185\uff0c\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u9886\u57df\u59cb\u7ec8\u8981\u7531\u56fd\u6709\u4f01\u4e1a\u5360\u4e3b\u5bfc\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u4ece\u793e\u4f1a\u8d44\u6e90\u914d\u7f6e\u65b9\u9762\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u56fd\u5bb6\u4ecd\u7136\u638c\u63e1\u7740\u5bf9\u5e02\u573a\u5b8f\u89c2\u8c03\u63a7\u7684\u6743\u529b\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5e02\u573a\u5728\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u5141\u8bb8\u548c\u652f\u6301\u4e0b\uff0c\u4ece\u56fd\u5bb6\u8ba1\u5212\u4e4b\u5916\u9010\u6e10\u751f\u957f\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u5e76\u9010\u6e10\u53d6\u4ee3\u8ba1\u5212\u6210\u4e3a\u793e\u4f1a\u8d44\u6e90\u914d\u7f6e\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u529b\u91cf\u3002\u65e2\u7136\u793e\u4f1a\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u5f00\u59cb\u9010\u6e10\u7531\u5e02\u573a\u6765\u4e3b\u5bfc\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e0e\u5de5\u4eba\u9636\u7ea7\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4e00\u4f53\u5316\u5173\u7cfb\u9010\u6e10\u8f6c\u53d8\u4e3a\u56fd\u5bb6\u3001\u4f01\u4e1a\u3001\u5de5\u4eba\u9636\u7ea7\u4e09\u4e2a\u72ec\u7acb\u4e3b\u4f53\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u603b\u4f53\u6027\u3001\u4f9d\u9644\u6027\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5951\u7ea6\u5728\u5e94\u7528\u65b9\u9762\u9010\u6e10\u88ab\u751f\u4ea7\u6027\u3001\u5e73\u7b49\u5316\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3\u5951\u7ea6\u53d6\u4ee3\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6309\u7167\u65f6\u95f4\u987a\u5e8f\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u65b0\u7684\u5e02\u573a\u5316\u5951\u7ea6\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u5b9e\u9645\u65e9\u4e8e\u65e7\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5951\u7ea6\u7684\u89e3\u4f53\u3002\u9762\u5bf9\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5efa\u8bbe\u8d44\u91d1\u4e0d\u8db3\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u9093\u5c0f\u5e731979\u5e74\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u8ba9\u4e2d\u56fd\u8fc7\u5269\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u4e0e\u56fd\u9645\u8fc7\u5269\u8d44\u672c\u76f8\u7ed3\u5408\u7684\u201c\u5f15\u8fdb\u5916\u8d44\u201d\u653f\u7b56\u3002(\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\uff0c1994a\uff1a156\uff1b\u4f55\u6e05\u6d9f\uff0c2009)\u6b63\u5982\u52a0\u62c9\u683c\u5c14(Mary Elizabeth Gallagher)\u6240\u8bba\u8ff0\u7684\u90a3\u6837\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u6700\u65e9\u5728\u7ecf\u6d4e\u9886\u57df\u7684\u53d8\u9769\u662f\u5916\u56fd\u76f4\u63a5\u6295\u8d44(Foreign Direct Investment)\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u5316\uff0c\u5176\u6b21\u624d\u662f\u56fd\u6709\u4f01\u4e1a\u548c\u56fd\u5185\u79c1\u8425\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u3002(Gallagher, 2005: 1)\u5e02\u573a\u5316\u975e\u516c\u6709\u5236\u4f01\u4e1a(\u4ee5\u5916\u56fd\u76f4\u63a5\u6295\u8d44\u4e3a\u4e3b)\u867d\u7136\u6240\u5360\u7684\u5e02\u573a\u4efd\u989d\u6709\u9650\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4eec\u5728\u8ba1\u5212\u4f53\u5236\u5185\u90e8\u6ca1\u53d1\u751f\u5927\u7684\u53d8\u52a8\u4e4b\u524d\u5c31\u5f00\u59cb\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u975e\u516c\u6709\u5236\u4f01\u4e1a\u4ece\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\u5c31\u62e5\u6709\u6bd4\u8f83\u5145\u5206\u7684\u81ea\u4e3b\u7528\u5de5\u6743\u5229\uff0c\u9075\u5faa\u5e02\u573a\u7684\u903b\u8f91\uff0c\u6309\u7167\u5e02\u573a\u7684\u4f9b\u9700\u5173\u7cfb\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u533a\u522b\u4e8e\u8ba1\u5212\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4f53\u5236\u4e0b\u7684\u5355\u4f4d\u3002\u975e\u516c\u6709\u5236\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5bf9\u8ba1\u5212\u4f53\u5236\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u5177\u6709\u91cd\u5927\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u5bf9\u653f\u5e9c\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u6307\u5bfc\u4e0b\u52aa\u529b\u4e8e\u4fc3\u8fdb\u5730\u65b9\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u4e89\u53d6\u5438\u5f15\u5916\u56fd\u76f4\u63a5\u6295\u8d44\uff0c\u5404\u5730\u65b9\u3001\u5404\u5730\u533a\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u7ade\u4e89\u7684\u5c40\u9762\u3002\u5bf9\u56fd\u6709\u4f01\u4e1a\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u975e\u516c\u6709\u5236\u4f01\u4e1a\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u518d\u5206\u914d\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u3001\u4e0d\u65ad\u6269\u5f20\u7684\u5e02\u573a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u90e8\u95e8\u3002(McMillan &amp; Naughton, 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1986: 13-22, 97)<\/p>\n<p>\u5434\u6653\u521a\u66fe\u7ecf\u5c06\u56fd\u6709\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u603b\u7ed3\u4e3a\u56db\u70b9\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u7684\u56fd\u6709\u4f01\u4e1a(\u5de5\u4f5c\u5355\u4f4d)\u90fd\u4e0d\u540c\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u540c\u653f\u5e9c(\u4ece\u4e61\u9547\u653f\u5e9c\u5230\u56fd\u5bb6\u653f\u5e9c)\u8054\u7cfb\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u6216\u63a5\u53d7\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u76d1\u7ba1\uff1b\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u56fd\u6709\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u90fd\u662f\u6709\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u76d1\u7ba1\u653f\u5e9c\u5b98\u5458\u4efb\u547d\u548c\u63d0\u62d4\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u653f\u5e9c\u5b98\u5458\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e09\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u5e02\u573a\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u7684\u96c7\u5458\u90fd\u88ab\u653f\u5e9c\u52b3\u52a8\u6216\u4eba\u4e8b\u90e8\u95e8\u5206\u914d\u5230\u5404\u4e2a\u56fd\u6709\u4f01\u4e1a\uff0c\u96c7\u5458\u7684\u4eba\u6570\u548c\u5de5\u8d44\u5206\u914d\u90fd\u662f\u7531\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u5e74\u5ea6\u9884\u7b97\u51b3\u5b9a\u7684\uff1b\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u56fd\u6709\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\u4e5f\u662f\u7531\u653f\u5e9c\u5b98\u5458\u63a7\u5236\u7684\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u4ef7\u683c\u3001\u5229\u6da6\u7684\u5206\u914d\u7b49\u90fd\u662f\u7531\u76d1\u7ba1\u653f\u5e9c\u5b98\u5458\u51b3\u5b9a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u7ed3\u679c\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u4f01\u4e1a\u4e0e\u653f\u5e9c\u5b98\u5458\u4e4b\u95f4\u6b63\u5f0f\u548c\u975e\u6b63\u5f0f\u7684\u534f\u5546\u51b3\u5b9a\u7684\u3002(Wu, 2002)\u8fd9\u5c31\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u56fd\u6709\u4f01\u4e1a\u540c\u5176\u4ed6\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5355\u4f4d\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u662f\u56fd\u5bb6\u673a\u5668\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u73af\u8282\uff0c\u662f\u653f\u5e9c\u793e\u4f1a\u63a7\u5236\u673a\u6784\u7684\u5ef6\u4f38\u3002\u7ed3\u5408\u4e0a\u6587\u7684\u8bba\u8ff0\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u5de5\u4eba\u5bf9\u5355\u4f4d\u3001\u5bf9\u5de5\u4f5c\u573a\u6240\u7684\u5168\u9762\u4f9d\u9644\u5b9e\u9645\u5c31\u662f\u5bf9\u56fd\u5bb6\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u5168\u9762\u4f9d\u9644\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u79cd\u5de5\u4eba\u5bf9\u5355\u4f4d\u548c\u56fd\u5bb6\u201c\u4f9d\u9644\u5173\u7cfb\u201d\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e0e\u5de5\u4eba\u9636\u7ea7\u4e4b\u95f4\u5229\u76ca\u4ea4\u6362\u7684\u9690\u6027\u201c\u793e\u4f1a\u5951\u7ea6\u201d(Social Contract or Social Compact)\u5f97\u4ee5\u53ef\u80fd\u3002\u5f88\u591a\u5b66\u8005\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5355\u4f53\u4f53\u5236\u4e0b\u7684\u5de5\u4eba\u63a5\u53d7\u8fd9\u79cd\u5236\u5ea6\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff0c\u4ee5\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0a\u7684\u6c89\u9ed8\u548c\u5408\u4f5c\u6362\u53d6\u4e86\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u798f\u5229\u5f85\u9047\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bbd\u677e\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u573a\u6240\u3002(Gallagher, 2005b; Chen, 2000; Friedman &amp; Lee, 2010; Lee, 1999)\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u56fd\u5bb6\u53ca\u5176\u5355\u4f4d\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u5784\u65ad\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u5355\u4f4d\u548c\u5de5\u4eba\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5951\u7ea6\u5173\u7cfb\u663e\u7136\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u5bf9\u7b49\u7684\uff0c\u201c\u4f9d\u9644\u5173\u7cfb\u201d\u672c\u8eab\u8868\u660e\u5de5\u4eba\u81ea\u4e0b\u800c\u4e0a\u5bf9\u56fd\u5bb6\u548c\u5355\u4f4d\u7684\u9644\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u800c\u6000\u7279\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u201c\u5e87\u62a4\u5173\u7cfb\u201d(White, 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1996)\u3001\u201c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u9a6c\u94c3\u85af\u201d(\u5218\u5efa\u519b\uff0c2010)\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u5bf9\u5355\u4f4d\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u8868\u660e\u4e86\u5355\u4f4d\u8eab\u4efd\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6709\u5dee\u522b\u7684\u96c6\u4f53\u4e3b\u4e49\u8eab\u4efd\u3002(1)\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u79f0\u4e3a\u5355\u4f4d\u8eab\u4efd\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5de5\u4eba\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u5728\u5355\u4f4d\u4e4b\u95f4\u662f\u6709\u5dee\u522b\u7684\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u4e0d\u540c\u56fd\u6709\u4f01\u4e1a\u5728\u56fd\u5bb6\u8ba1\u5212\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e2d\u6240\u5904\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u8d4b\u4e88\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u53ca\u5176\u5206\u914d\u6743\u9650\u4e5f\u6709\u76f8\u5f53\u5927\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u56fd\u6709\u4f01\u4e1a\u4e4b\u95f4\u867d\u7136\u540c\u4e3a\u793e\u4f1a\u63a7\u5236\u3001\u751f\u4ea7\u3001\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u624b\u6bb5\uff0c\u4f46\u76f8\u4e92\u4e4b\u95f4\u5e76\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\u3002(2)\u5355\u4f4d\u8eab\u4efd\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u96c6\u4f53\u4e3b\u4e49\u8eab\u4efd\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u4ee5\u5355\u4f4d\u4e3a\u57fa\u672c\u6784\u6210\u5355\u5143\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u3002\u6bcf\u5929\uff0c\u51e0\u5343\u3001\u51e0\u4e07\u7684\u5de5\u53cb\u7a7f\u7740\u540c\u4e00\u6b3e\u5de5\u88c5\uff0c\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u65f6\u95f4\u5728\u5de5\u5382\u548c\u96c6\u4f53\u7684\u5de5\u4eba\u5c45\u4f4f\u533a\u4e4b\u95f4\u5de5\u4f5c\u3001\u751f\u6d3b\u3001\u63a5\u53d7\u6559\u80b2\u3001\u4eab\u53d7\u798f\u5229\u7b49\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5de5\u4eba\u90fd\u8ba4\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u5904\u5728\u96c6\u4f53\u91cc\u9762\uff0c\u662f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u96c6\u4f53\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u662f\u673a\u5668\u4e0a\u7684\u4e00\u9897\u87ba\u4e1d\u9489\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8d3e\u6a1f\u67ef\u5728\u5bf9\u56fd\u4f01\u5de5\u4eba\u8fdb\u884c\u8bbf\u8c08\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u63d0\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u3002\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u5f53\u6444\u5f71\u673a\u9762\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5de5\u4eba\u5e08\u5085\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u4ed6\u4eec\u6fc0\u60c5\u6f8e\u6e43\u7684\u8bb2\u8ff0\u90fd\u662f\u5173\u4e8e\u522b\u4eba\u7684\u3002\u6211\u4e0d\u505c\u5730\u8ffd\u95ee\uff1a\u60a8\u81ea\u5df1\u5728\u90a3\u4e2a\u65f6\u5019\u5728\u505a\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f\u51e0\u4e4e\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5de5\u4eba\u5e08\u5085\u90fd\u5728\u8bf4\uff0c\u4f60\u4e0d\u8981\u95ee\u6211\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\uff0c\u6211\u5f88\u5e73\u6de1\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u6545\u4e8b\u3002\u201d(\u8d3e\u6a1f\u67ef\uff0c2009\uff1a5)\u8fd9\u4e00\u53d9\u8ff0\u5411\u6211\u4eec\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5355\u4f4d\u4f53\u5236\u4e0b\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u96c6\u4f53\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u5de5\u4eba\u4eec\u6839\u6df1\u8482\u56fa\u7684\u96c6\u4f53\u610f\u8bc6\uff0c\u5b83\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u662f\u5355\u4f4d\u7684\u5784\u65ad\u5730\u4f4d\u548c\u5de5\u4eba\u5bf9\u5355\u4f4d\u7684\u4f9d\u9644\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u867d\u7136\u6211\u4eec\u5e38\u5e38\u63d0\u5230\u8ba1\u5212\u7ecf\u6d4e\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u9ad8\u5ea6\u8eab\u4efd\u5316\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\uff0c\u5b58\u5728\u57ce\u4e61\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u5de5\u519c\u3001\u5e72\u90e8\u3001\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u9636\u7ea7\u6210\u5206\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u4f46\u5728\u57ce\u5e02\u793e\u4f1a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5dee\u5f02\u5b9e\u9645\u90fd\u88ab\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u4e0d\u540c\u5355\u4f4d\u4e2d\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u5373\u5355\u4f4d\u8eab\u4efd\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5dee\u5f02\u662f\u521a\u6027\u7684\u3001\u6c38\u4e45\u7684\u3001\u5784\u65ad\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u4e00\u65e6\u5355\u4f4d\u4e2d\u7684\u6210\u5458\u5931\u53bb\u8fd9\u79cd\u8eab\u4efd\uff0c\u88ab\u6392\u9664\u5728\u5355\u4f4d\u4f53\u5236\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u4ed6\u51e0\u4e4e\u65e0\u6cd5\u751f\u5b58\u3002\u8bda\u5982\u5f20\u9759\u6240\u8a00\uff0c\u201c\u4ece\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u8bc4\u4ef7\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u8eab\u4efd\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u5355\u4f4d\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5de5\u4f5c\u5355\u4f4d\u51b3\u5b9a\u4ed6\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u3002\u201d(\u5f20\u9759\uff0c2001\uff1a4)\u5de5\u4eba\u8eab\u4efd\u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u548c\u5355\u4f4d\u8054\u7cfb\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u5b9e\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u5355\u4f4d\u8eab\u4efd\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u9996\u5148\u4ed6\u4eec\u662f\u5de5\u4eba\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u524d\u63d0\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u4eec\u66f4\u662f\u67d0\u4e2a\u5355\u4f4d\u7684\u5de5\u4eba\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u66f4\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u533a\u5206\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5355\u4f4d\u5206\u5272\u4e86\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u6cbb\u7406\u4f53\u7cfb\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u6709\u610f\u8fd8\u662f\u65e0\u610f\u7684\u5b89\u6392\uff0c\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u5355\u4f4d\u672c\u8eab\u4e5f\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u5de5\u4eba\u9636\u7ea7\u7684\u5206\u5316\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u5bf9\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fd\u6709\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u5de5\u4eba\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u5355\u4f4d\u8eab\u4efd\u8fdc\u8fdc\u538b\u5012\u4ed6\u672c\u6765\u7684\u5de5\u4eba\u8eab\u4efd\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u66f4\u50cf\u4e00\u4e2a\u653f\u6cbb\u5ba3\u4f20\u7684\u7fa4\u4f53\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u8981\u5c11\u4e00\u4e9b\u3002\u800c\u5de5\u4eba\u5bf9\u5355\u4f4d\u7684\u4f9d\u9644\uff0c\u5404\u4e2a\u5355\u4f4d\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5dee\u522b\u624d\u662f\u5207\u5b9e\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u88ab\u5de5\u4eba\u5b9e\u9645\u611f\u53d7\u5230\uff0c\u4e0e\u5de5\u4eba\u751f\u6d3b\u66f4\u52a0\u5bc6\u5207\u76f8\u5173\u3002\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u8bf4\u5355\u4f4d\u7ed3\u6784\u5206\u5316\u4e86\u5de5\u4eba\u9636\u7ea7\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\uff0c\u5355\u4f4d\u4f53\u5236\u5c06\u5de5\u4eba\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u5206\u5272\u5728\u5404\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u3001\u201c\u5c01\u95ed\u7684\u201d(exclusive)(Naughton, 1997)\u5355\u4f4d\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u8fdb\u884c\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5206\u6563\u4e86\u5de5\u4eba\u6297\u8bae\u884c\u52a8\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3001\u5f62\u5f0f\u548c\u89c4\u6a21\uff0c\u5ba2\u89c2\u4e0a\u964d\u4f4e\u4e86\u9762\u5411\u56fd\u5bb6\u5c42\u9762\u6216\u793e\u4f1a\u516c\u5171\u9886\u57df\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u538b\u529b\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u963b\u6b62\u4ed6\u4eec\u4f9d\u636e\u66f4\u5bbd\u5e7f\u7684\u9636\u7ea7\u89c2\u5ff5\u8fdb\u884c\u6297\u4e89\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u5355\u4f4d\u7684\u5206\u5272\u5f62\u5f0f\u5728\u6539\u5236\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4f9d\u7136\u4e25\u91cd\u5f71\u54cd\u7740\u5de5\u4eba\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u5728\u56fd\u4f01\u6539\u5236\u4e2d\uff0c\u51e0\u4e4e\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5de5\u4eba\u6297\u8bae\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u4ee5\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u5355\u4f4d\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u63d0\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u4e5f\u4ec5\u4e0e\u672c\u5355\u4f4d\u6709\u5173\u3002\u6b63\u50cf\u4e00\u4e9b\u5b66\u8005\u6307\u51fa\u7684\u90a3\u6837\uff0c\u4ee5\u5355\u4f4d\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u6b8b\u4f59\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u7262\u56fa\u8054\u7cfb\u5de5\u4eba\u9636\u7ea7\u548c\u5de5\u4eba\u56fd\u5bb6(worker&#8217;s state)\u7ebd\u5e26\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002(Solinger, 2000; Ding &amp; Goodall &amp; Warner, 2000; Chen, 2000)<\/p>\n<p>\u4e94\u5341\u591a\u5e74\u7684\u96c6\u4f53\u751f\u6d3b\u5bf9\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u6539\u53d8\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u90a3\u4e48\u5bb9\u6613\u5c31\u80fd\u591f\u66f4\u6539\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u4e13\u4e1a\u751f\u6d3b\u548c\u5bb6\u5ead\u751f\u6d3b\u4e4b\u95f4\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u6839\u672c\u533a\u9694\uff0c\u662f\u76f8\u4e92\u6e17\u900f\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u5bfc\u81f4\u56fd\u6709\u4f01\u4e1a\u4e2d\u7684\u5de5\u4eba\u62e5\u6709\u6bd4\u4e00\u822c\u6027\u5de5\u4eba\u66f4\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u201c\u96c6\u4f53\u8bb0\u5fc6\u201d(\u54c8\u5e03\u74e6\u8d6b\uff0c2002\uff1a235)\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5728\u804c\u7684\u56fd\u4f01\u5de5\u4eba\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u53d7\u5386\u53f2\u56e0\u7d20\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u800c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5f88\u5feb\u8131\u79bb\u5355\u4f4d\u4f53\u5236\u7684\u5185\u5728\u89c4\u5b9a\u3002\u81ea\u6211\u5c01\u95ed\u7684\u5355\u4f4d\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u201c\u793e\u4f1a\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u5206\u5272\u201d\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5206\u5272\u9650\u5236\u4e86\u5de5\u4eba\u63a5\u89e6\u793e\u4f1a\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u3002\u56fd\u6709\u4f01\u4e1a\u957f\u671f\u626e\u6f14\u7684\u5bb6\u957f\u89d2\u8272\u4e5f\u7ed9\u5de5\u4eba\u9020\u6210\u4e86\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u79cd\u5370\u8c61\uff0c\u5373\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u662f\u4e0e\u4f01\u4e1a\u8054\u7cfb\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u7684\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5de5\u4eba\u6bd5\u751f\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5de5\u5382\u5f53\u4e2d\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u4f4e\u5de5\u8d44\u4e3a\u56fd\u6709\u8d44\u4ea7\u7684\u79ef\u7d2f\u505a\u51fa\u8d21\u732e\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u5f88\u5f3a\u70c8\u5730\u611f\u53d7\u5230\u5de5\u5382\u4e0d\u7b80\u5355\u662f\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u7684\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u662f\u5de5\u4eba\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u4e5f\u90fd\u662f\u5bf9\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u6781\u5c11\u6709\u603b\u4f53\u6027\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u8bc9\u6c42\u3002\u5f53\u56fd\u6709\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u6539\u5236\u6709\u635f\u4e8e\u5de5\u4eba\u7684\u6743\u76ca\uff0c\u4e0d\u518d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5de5\u4eba\u6743\u76ca\u4fdd\u62a4\u8005\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u5b58\u5728\u65f6\uff0c\u5de5\u4eba\u5c31\u4f1a\u52aa\u529b\u963b\u6b62\u8fd9\u79cd\u6539\u5236\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u5b9e\u65bd\u3002\u8fd9\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5355\u4f4d\u6539\u5236\u7684\u9006\u5411\u8fd0\u52a8\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u73b0\u6709\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6539\u5236\u653f\u7b56\u53ca\u5176\u5b9e\u65bd\u8fc7\u7a0b\u51fa\u73b0\u4e0d\u900f\u660e\u3001\u975e\u5236\u5ea6\u5316\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u5de5\u4eba\u901a\u8fc7\u5355\u4f4d\u81ea\u8eab\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u6539\u5236\u9006\u5411\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u88ab\u963b\u585e\u4e86\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u6539\u5236\u5c31\u4f1a\u6210\u4e3a\u6028\u6068\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u66f4\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e0d\u6ee1\u7684\u5347\u7ea7\u3002(\u6c6a\u6656\uff0c2006)\u6709\u7684\u5b66\u8005\u5c06\u4e4b\u603b\u7ed3\u4e3a\u201c\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u8fc7\u7a0b\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u6297\u4e89\u6fc0\u8fdb\u5316\u7684\u8bf1\u53d1\u673a\u5236\u201d(\u5218\u6625\u8363\uff0c2009)\u3002\u53d7\u957f\u4e45\u4ee5\u6765\u5355\u4f4d\u8eab\u4efd\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u201c\u62a4\u5382\u201d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u7279\u8272\u7684\u6297\u8bae\u5f62\u5f0f\u7ecf\u5e38\u88ab\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u5b83\u5305\u62ec\u5360\u9886\u5de5\u5382\u3001\u4ece\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e0a\u963b\u6b62\u91cd\u7ec4\u8ba1\u5212\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6539\u5236\u4f01\u4e1a\u666e\u904d\u5b58\u5728\u751f\u4ea7\u4e0d\u8db3\u3001\u6548\u7387\u4f4e\u4e0b\u7b49\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u7f62\u5de5\u88ab\u6392\u9664\u5728\u5de5\u4eba\u6297\u8bae\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e4b\u5217\u3002\u5f53\u83b7\u77e5\u91cd\u7ec4\u8ba1\u5212(\u6539\u5236)\u5bf9\u4ed6\u4eec\u6709\u5bb3\uff0c\u6124\u6012\u7684\u5de5\u4eba\u53ea\u80fd\u5835\u5728\u5de5\u5382\u7684\u95e8\u53e3\uff0c\u963b\u6320\u65b0\u7684\u8d44\u4ea7\u6240\u6709\u8005\u63a5\u624b\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u8d22\u4ea7\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5360\u9886\u5de5\u5382\u4ee5\u8feb\u4f7f\u5730\u65b9\u653f\u5e9c\u6216\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u56de\u5e94\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u3002(Chen, 2003b; Chen, 2000)\u5373\u4fbf\u662f\u5de5\u4eba\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u901a\u8fc7\u5355\u4f4d\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u624b\u6bb5\u6765\u7ef4\u62a4\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u6743\u76ca\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u8d70\u4e0a\u8857\u5934\u6216\u8005\u5230\u653f\u5e9c\u90e8\u95e8\u793a\u5a01\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e5f\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u5355\u4f4d\u5316\u7684\u3002\u5373\uff0c\u5728\u5de5\u4eba\u4e0a\u8857\u6e38\u884c\u6216\u8005\u5230\u653f\u5e9c\u95e8\u524d\u793a\u5a01\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u4ee5\u5355\u4f4d\u8fdb\u884c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u9488\u5bf9\u5de5\u4f5c\u5355\u4f4d\u7684\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u76f4\u63a5\u5bf9\u56fd\u5bb6\u653f\u7b56\u63d0\u51fa\u6311\u6218\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u540c\u5355\u4f4d\u4fdd\u6301\u677e\u6563\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u9000\u4f11\u5de5\u4eba\u4ecd\u7136\u4ece\u4f53\u5236\u4e0a\u4e0e\u539f\u5355\u4f4d\u4fdd\u6301\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u867d\u7136\u4e0d\u518d\u80fd\u591f\u76f4\u63a5\u53c2\u4e0e\u6539\u5236\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5f53\u6539\u5236\u5371\u53ca\u4ed6\u4eec\u6743\u76ca\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e5f\u540c\u6837\u4f1a\u91c7\u53d6\u5bf9\u6297\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5bf9\u6297\u540c\u56fd\u4f01\u5de5\u4eba\u8fd8\u5177\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u76f8\u4f3c\u6027\u3002\u4e0e\u524d\u8ff0\u4e24\u8005\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5df2\u7ecf\u8131\u79bb\u5355\u4f4d\u7684\u4e0b\u5c97\u5de5\u4eba\uff0c\u6297\u8bae\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u5219\u4ece\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\u5c31\u5177\u6709\u8d85\u8d8a\u5355\u4f4d\u7684\u666e\u904d\u6027\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u4ed6\u4eec\u5df2\u8eab\u5904\u5de5\u4e1a\u5236\u5ea6\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u5176\u6297\u4e89\u5f62\u5f0f\u5c31\u53ea\u80fd\u9009\u62e9\u8857\u5934\u9a9a\u52a8\u3001\u56f4\u5835\u653f\u5e9c\u673a\u5173\u3001\u5835\u585e\u94c1\u8def\u3001\u516c\u8def\u7b49\u91cd\u8981\u4ea4\u901a\u8981\u9053\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u4e0b\u5c97\u5de5\u4eba\u4eec\u8bd5\u56fe\u4ee5\u6b64\u6765\u5f15\u8d77\u516c\u4f17\u5bf9\u4ed6\u4eec\u76ee\u524d\u72b6\u51b5\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\uff0c\u8feb\u4f7f\u6709\u5173\u90e8\u95e8\u91c7\u53d6\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u63aa\u65bd\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u6240\u8981\u6c42\u7684\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u7ef4\u6301\u4e00\u79cd\u6700\u4f4e\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u4fdd\u969c\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6062\u590d\u4ee5\u524d\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u7236\u7231\u4e3b\u4e49\u5236\u5ea6\u4e0b\u6240\u4eab\u6709\u7684\u79cd\u79cd\u5f85\u9047\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u5355\u4f4d\u7ec8\u7a76\u662f\u670d\u52a1\u4e8e\u56fd\u5bb6\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u673a\u6784\uff0c(Chan, 1997)\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u5df2\u7ecf\u8131\u79bb\u4e86\u5355\u4f4d\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u5de5\u4eba\uff0c\u5f53\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5bf9\u6297\u884c\u4e3a\u9020\u6210\u4e86\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u6df7\u4e71\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u5c31\u4f1a\u51fa\u9762\u8fdb\u884c\u5e72\u9884\u3002\u8fd9\u65f6\u5019\u4e3a\u4e86\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u4e3a\u4e86\u5f25\u8865\u5de5\u4eba\u5728\u6539\u5236\u4e2d\u7684\u635f\u5931\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u4f1a\u8bb8\u8bfa\u7ed9\u4e88\u5de5\u4eba\u90e8\u5206\u8865\u507f\u4ee5\u5316\u89e3\u5371\u673a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u867d\u7136\u6539\u5236\u9020\u6210\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u51b2\u7a81\u53d7\u5de5\u4eba\u5355\u4f4d\u8eab\u4efd\u7684\u6301\u4e45\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u4f9d\u7136\u8f83\u5c11\u8d85\u51fa\u5355\u4f4d\u7684\u8303\u56f4\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u4e86\u5de5\u4eba\u9636\u7ea7\u603b\u4f53\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5de5\u4eba\u5bf9\u5355\u4f4d\u8eab\u4efd\u7684\u8ba4\u540c\u5374\u4e5f\u662f\u6297\u8bae\u7684\u6839\u6e90\u6240\u5728\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u88ab\u6539\u5236\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u8150\u8d25\u3001\u4e0d\u900f\u660e\u7b49\u95ee\u9898\u6fc0\u53d1\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u4e0d\u65ad\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u51b2\u7a81\u3002\u9648\u5cf0\u5c06\u4e4b\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e3a\u56fd\u4f01\u5de5\u4eba\u6297\u4e89\u7684\u201c\u9053\u5fb7\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u201d\u503e\u5411\u3002(Chen, 2003b)\u5de5\u4eba\u5728\u6297\u8bae\u4e2d\u8bc9\u8bf8\u7684\u6743\u5229\u89c2\u5ff5\uff0c\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u6839\u690d\u4e8e\u65e7\u7684\u8ba1\u5212\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4f53\u5236\u7684\u90a3\u79cd\u6743\u5229\u89c2\u5ff5\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u8ba4\u540c\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u5355\u4f4d\u8eab\u4efd\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u5355\u4f4d\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u6df1\u523b\u201c\u96c6\u4f53\u8bb0\u5fc6\u201d\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u6297\u4e89\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u8bd5\u56fe\u4fdd\u62a4\u8fc7\u53bb\u901a\u8fc7\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e0e\u5de5\u4eba\u9636\u7ea7\u4e4b\u95f4\u9690\u6027\u793e\u4f1a\u5951\u7ea6\u6240\u627f\u8bfa\u7684\u7ec8\u8eab\u5c31\u4e1a\u548c\u798f\u5229\u4fdd\u969c\u6743\u5229\u3002\u5373\u4fbf\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u5951\u7ea6\u89e3\u4f53\uff0c\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u96c6\u4f53\u751f\u6d3b\u6240\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u610f\u8bc6\uff0c\u5bf9\u4f01\u4e1a\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u611f\u60c5\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f1a\u9a71\u4f7f\u4ed6\u4eec\u53bb\u7ef4\u62a4\u66fe\u7ecf\u594b\u6597\u8fc7\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u66fe\u7ecf\u62e5\u6709\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u73af\u5883\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u8fd8\u8ba4\u540c\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e3a\u63a8\u52a8\u5e02\u573a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u5728\u7f6e\u6362\u5de5\u4eba\u8eab\u4efd\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u901a\u8fc7\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5236\u5ea6\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u653f\u7b56\u8d4b\u4e88\u7684\u6743\u5229\u4e0e\u5229\u76ca\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u6539\u5236\u4e2d\u7684\u5de5\u4eba\u8fd8\u5904\u4e8e\u5355\u4f4d\u8eab\u4efd\u4e0e\u516c\u6c11\u8eab\u4efd\u8f6c\u53d8\u7684\u6df7\u4e71\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e24\u8005\u540c\u65f6\u90fd\u6709\u611f\u53d7\uff0c\u90fd\u6709\u8ba4\u540c\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u5bf9\u5de5\u4eba\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u4f9d\u636e\u5df2\u7ecf\u53d8\u5316\u4e86\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5236\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u91cd\u65b0\u89e3\u91ca\u548c\u5b9a\u4e49\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6743\u5229\uff0c\u5e76\u4e3a\u4e89\u53d6\u8fd9\u79cd\u6743\u5229\u800c\u6597\u4e89\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f83\u957f\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7531\u4e8e\u8fc7\u53bb\u5355\u4f4d\u8eab\u4efd\u53ca\u5176\u6240\u9644\u7740\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u9010\u6e10\u88ab\u5265\u593a\uff0c\u800c\u65b0\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u6839\u636e\u516c\u6c11\u8eab\u4efd\u8d4b\u4e88\u7684\u6743\u76ca\u56e0\u4e3a\u8d44\u672c\u7684\u5f3a\u52bf\u5730\u4f4d\u800c\u5c61\u906d\u4fb5\u5bb3\uff0c\u8fd9\u9020\u6210\u4e86\u56fd\u6709\u4f01\u4e1a\u52b3\u52a8\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u7279\u70b9\uff0c\u5373\u56fd\u4f01\u5de5\u4eba\u88ab\u56fd\u5bb6\u80cc\u53db\uff0c\u88ab\u5e02\u573a\u6392\u65a5\u7684\u611f\u89c9\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u88ab\u674e\u9759\u541b\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u9508\u5e26\u201d(rustbelt)\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u3002(Lee, 2007: 159)\u7531\u4e8e\u5de5\u4eba\u7684\u5355\u4f4d\u8eab\u4efd\u88ab\u516c\u6c11\u8eab\u4efd\u7f6e\u6362\uff0c\u5e02\u573a\u5316\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4f7f\u5de5\u4eba\u611f\u89c9\u5230\u81ea\u5df1\u6765\u6e90\u4e8e\u52b3\u52a8\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u6743\u5229\u4e0e\u5229\u76ca\u88ab\u524a\u5f31\u4e0e\u5265\u593a\u4e86\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65f6\u5019\u4ece\u516c\u6c11\u8eab\u4efd\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u5bf9\u5de5\u4eba\u6743\u5229\u548c\u5229\u76ca\u8fdb\u884c\u4fdd\u969c\u5c31\u53d8\u5f97\u5c24\u4e3a\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u5b83\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u8981\u6c42\u5de5\u4eba\u81ea\u8eab\u80fd\u591f\u5b8c\u6210\u89d2\u8272\u7684\u8f6c\u6362\uff0c\u8ba4\u540c\u65b0\u7684\u516c\u6c11\u8eab\u4efd\uff0c\u5e76\u636e\u6b64\u7ef4\u62a4\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u3002\u4ece\u5355\u4f4d\u8eab\u4efd\u5230\u516c\u6c11\u8eab\u4efd\u7684\u8f6c\u6362\u6709\u4e24\u91cd\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u5c06\u56fd\u4f01\u5de5\u4eba\u91cd\u65b0\u5438\u7eb3\u5230\u4f53\u5236\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u9014\u5f84\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5de5\u4eba\u8eab\u4efd\u7f6e\u6362\u65f6\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u3001\u653f\u7b56\u4fdd\u62a4\u5de5\u4eba\u5e94\u6709\u7684\u6743\u5229\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u5de5\u4eba\u7684\u671f\u671b\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u65e2\u7136\u5de5\u4eba\u4eec\u4e00\u76f4\u4ee5\u6765\u53d7\u5230\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u7167\u987e\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u6ee1\u6000\u8fd9\u79cd\u7167\u987e\u9700\u8981\u5f97\u4ee5\u7ee7\u7eed\u7684\u671f\u671b\u3002(Meng, 2000: 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1999)\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4f53\u5236\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u5185\u5411\u4e60\u6027\u7ee7\u7eed\u5f71\u54cd\u7740\u5de5\u4eba\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u5728\u6539\u9769\u7684\u5f88\u957f\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u91cc\uff0c\u5355\u4f4d\u8eab\u4efd\u4ecd\u7136\u5728\u53d1\u6325\u7740\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6539\u9769\u4e2d\u7684\u56fd\u6709\u4f01\u4e1a\u5de5\u4eba\u8d8b\u5f85\u5b8c\u6210\u5411\u73b0\u4ee3\u516c\u6c11\u8eab\u4efd\u7684\u8f6c\u53d8\u3002\u5bf9\u56fd\u6709\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u5de5\u4eba\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5de5\u4eba\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u672c\u8eab\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u66f4\u4e0d\u5177\u6709\u8fc7\u53bb\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0a\u7684\u8f89\u714c\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u516c\u6c11\u8eab\u4efd\u6765\u4fdd\u969c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6743\u5229\u548c\u5229\u76ca\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u867d\u7136\u516c\u6c11\u8eab\u4efd\u4e3a\u5de5\u4e1a\u751f\u4ea7\u4e2d\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u5173\u7cfb\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u5e73\u7b49\u7684\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u5176\u4e0a\u5374\u53ef\u4ee5\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u79cd\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u516b\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u5e02\u573a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6539\u9769\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u4ece\u6839\u672c\u4e0a\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u5de5\u4e1a\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u5b83\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u5de5\u4eba\u4e0e\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u7684\u666e\u904d\u5bf9\u7acb\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5de5\u4eba\uff0c\u4e0d\u8bba\u4ed6\u4eec\u662f\u5728\u56fd\u6709\u4f01\u4e1a\u3001\u96c6\u4f53\u4f01\u4e1a\u3001\u79c1\u6709\u4f01\u4e1a\u8fd8\u662f\u5916\u8d44\u4f01\u4e1a\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u90fd\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u5c48\u4ece\u4e0d\u53d7\u5236\u7ea6\u800c\u4e14\u7ecf\u5e38\u662f\u4e13\u6a2a\u8dcb\u6248\u7684\u4f01\u4e1a\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u3002\u674e\u9759\u541b\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5728\u90e8\u5206\u56fd\u6709\u4f01\u4e1a\u91cc\uff0c\u65b0\u4f20\u7edf\u4e3b\u4e49\u5df2\u7ecf\u6210\u4e3a\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u5931\u5e8f\u4e13\u5236\u4e3b\u4e49(Disorganized Despotism)\u7684\u5de5\u5382\u653f\u4f53\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\u662f\u6307\u5728\u6539\u9769\u653f\u7b56\u5931\u53bb\u6574\u5408\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u6743\u5a01\u7531\u5382\u957f\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u5c42\u603b\u63fd\uff0c\u800c\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u4e13\u5236\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u515a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u53ca\u5de5\u4f1a\u5728\u4f01\u4e1a\u5185\u51e0\u4e4e\u5168\u90e8\u53d7\u547d\u4e8e\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u6743\u529b\uff1b\u5408\u540c\u5236\u3001\u4f01\u4e1a\u81ea\u4e3b\u3001\u79d1\u5b66\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u5f15\u5165\uff0c\u4ee4\u4ee5\u5f80\u7684\u4e92\u60e0\u5173\u7cfb\u6d88\u5931\uff1b\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u798f\u5229\u6539\u9769\uff0c\u672c\u610f\u662f\u4ee5\u4f01\u4e1a\u4e3a\u672c\u7684\u798f\u5229\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u8f6c\u53d8\u4e3a\u793e\u4f1a\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u7f51\uff0c\u4fc3\u8fdb\u52b3\u5de5\u7684\u6d41\u52a8\u3002\u800c\u5728\u79c1\u8425\u3001\u5916\u8d44\u3001\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u96c6\u4e2d\u7684\u4f01\u4e1a\uff0c\u5931\u5e8f\u4e13\u5236\u4e3b\u4e49\u6216\u8bb8\u6bd4\u56fd\u6709\u4f01\u4e1a\u66f4\u52a0\u663e\u8457\u3002(Lee, 1999)\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u5355\u4f4d\u4f53\u5236\u7684\u9010\u6b65\u74e6\u89e3\uff0c\u5de5\u4eba\u4e27\u5931\u4e86\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u6709\u6548\u4fdd\u62a4\uff1b\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u65b0\u7684\u4f53\u7cfb\u5c1a\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5584\uff0c\u5de5\u4eba\u53c8\u7f3a\u4e4f\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5de5\u4eba\u65e5\u76ca\u6210\u4e3a\u201c\u5e02\u573a\u97ad\u5b50\u201d\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u4e13\u5236\u7684\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\u3002(Lee, 2000)<\/p>\n<p>\u52b3\u52a8\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7684\u5236\u5b9a\u548c\u4fee\u6539\u867d\u7136\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u4fdd\u62a4\u52b3\u5de5\u4ee5\u4f7f\u52b3\u5de5\u4e0d\u81f4\u7531\u4e8e\u8fc7\u5ea6\u88ab\u538b\u69a8\u800c\u91c7\u53d6\u666e\u904d\u7684\u53cd\u6297\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u7ef4\u62a4\u4e86\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u3002\u540c\u65f6\u5bf9\u5de5\u4eba\u9636\u7ea7\u5728\u4ee5\u751f\u4ea7\u4e3a\u5bfc\u5411\u7684\u6539\u9769\u4e2d\u505a\u51fa\u7684\u5de8\u5927\u727a\u7272(\u4e8e\u5efa\u5d58\uff0c2011\uff1a3)\u548c\u201c\u4e0d\u5bf9\u7b49\u52b3\u52a8\u5173\u7cfb\u201d(Chen, 2004; Chan, 2001; Friedman &amp; Lee, 2010)\u4f5c\u51fa\u4e86\u201c\u4fee\u590d\u653f\u7b56\u201d(\u674e\u742a\uff0c2003\uff1a74-96)\u7684\u8865\u507f\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u8fd1\u5e74\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u6709\u5173\u5931\u4e1a\u3001\u518d\u5c31\u4e1a\u3001\u4e0b\u5c97\u6551\u6d4e\u3001\u6700\u4f4e\u5de5\u8d44\uff0c\u6700\u4f4e\u751f\u6d3b\u8d39\u3001\u52b3\u52a8\u4e89\u8bae\u6cd5\u89c4\u7b49\uff0c\u5728\u754c\u5b9a\u4e0d\u540c\u5de5\u4eba\u7684\u5c31\u4e1a\u5f85\u9047\u7684\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4e5f\u628a\u5de5\u4eba\u5212\u5206\u6210\u4e86\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u7fa4\u4f53\u3002\u6cd5\u5f8b\u548c\u5236\u5ea6\u53d8\u8fc1\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u65b0\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u6cd5\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u4e66\u5199\u7684\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u90e8\u5206\u5730\u89e3\u91ca\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u5de5\u5382\u4e2d\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u52a8\u5458\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u3002\u5b83\u5851\u9020\u4e86\u5de5\u4eba\u4e2a\u4f53\u548c\u96c6\u4f53\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5316\u548c\u5236\u5ea6\u5316\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u5173\u7cfb\u5206\u5316\u4e86\u5de5\u4eba\u672c\u8eab\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u9632\u6b62\u4e86\u5927\u9762\u79ef\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u6297\u8bae\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u5c31\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u5b66\u8005\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\uff1a\u867d\u7136\u50cf\u75c5\u6bd2\u4e00\u6837\u8513\u5ef6(goes viral)\u7684\u5de5\u4eba\u66b4\u52a8\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u56fd\u6709\u4f01\u4e1a\uff0c\u4e5f\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u79c1\u8425\u90e8\u95e8\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e9b\u66b4\u52a8\u662f\u5206\u6563\u7684\uff0c\u8702\u7a9d\u72b6\u7684\u3002(Friedman &amp; Lee, 2010; Chen, 2004; Chen, 2009)<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u8fc7\u53bb\u51e0\u5341\u5e74\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u8bd5\u56fe\u5c06\u6cd5\u5f8b\u89c4\u8303\u52b3\u52a8\u5236\u5ea6\u5316\uff0c\u6216\u8bf4\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u7acb\u6cd5\u6765\u89c4\u8303\u52b3\u52a8\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5e76\u5f15\u5bfc\u52b3\u52a8\u51b2\u7a81\u5230\u53f8\u6cd5\u548c\u884c\u653f\u7684\u9014\u5f84\u8fdb\u884c\u89e3\u51b3\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u5207\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u5e02\u573a\u5bfc\u5411\u7684\u3001\u81ea\u613f\u7684\u3001\u4e2a\u4f53\u5316\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3\u89c2\u5ff5\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c\u800c\u73b0\u4ee3\u5951\u7ea6\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u662f\u516c\u6c11\u8eab\u4efd\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u674e\u9759\u541b\u6307\u51fa\u7684\u90a3\u6837\uff0c\u5f53\u524d\uff0c\u201c\u516c\u6c11\u8eab\u4efd\u201d(Citizenship)\u548c\u5408\u6cd5\u6743\u5229(Legal Rights)\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\u6210\u4e3a\u5b98\u65b9\u5ba3\u4f20\u7684\u201c\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4f53\u7cfb\u201d(Socialist Legality)\u6216\u5efa\u8bbe\u201c\u4f9d\u6cd5\u6cbb\u56fd\u201d\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002(Lee, 2002a)\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u516c\u6c11\u8eab\u4efd\u53d6\u4ee3\u5355\u4f4d\u8eab\u4efd\u4e5f\u5c31\u610f\u5473\u7740\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u96c6\u4f53\u4e3b\u4e49\u6027\u8d28\u548c\u96c6\u4f53\u8d23\u4efb\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u96c7\u4f63\u5173\u7cfb\u3001\u798f\u5229\u548c\u4f4f\u623f\u3001\u533b\u7597\u3001\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u65e7\u52b3\u52a8\u4f53\u5236\u88ab\u52b3\u52a8\u5408\u540c\u548c\u798f\u5229\u6536\u76ca\u7684\u4e2a\u4f53\u8d23\u4efb\u53d6\u4ee3\u3002\u5de5\u4eba\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e2a\u4eba\u5177\u6709\u72ec\u7acb\u9009\u62e9\u5de5\u4f5c\u573a\u6240\u3001\u5de5\u4f5c\u7c7b\u522b\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u72ec\u7acb\u627f\u62c5\u968f\u4e4b\u800c\u6765\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u98ce\u9669\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u518d\u5168\u90e8\u7531\u56fd\u5bb6\u6216\u5355\u4f4d\u6765\u4fdd\u969c\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5de5\u4eba\u4f5c\u4e3a\u516c\u6c11\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u9700\u8981\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u822c\u5316\u7684\u56fd\u6c11\u5f85\u9047\uff0c\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u63d0\u4f9b\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u518d\u751f\u4ea7\u8d44\u6e90\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u5904\u4e8e\u81ea\u8eab\u793e\u4f1a\u6cbb\u7406\u7684\u9700\u8981\uff0c\u6b63\u5168\u9762\u901a\u8fc7\u5236\u5ea6\u548c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5c06\u52b3\u52a8\u51b2\u7a81\u7f6e\u4e8e\u81ea\u8eab\u53ef\u4ee5\u627f\u53d7\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u5982\u4f55\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5de5\u4eba\u7684\u6297\u4e89\u662f\u5728\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7684\u89c4\u8303\u4e0b\uff0c\u5b83\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u57fa\u4e8e\u516c\u6c11\u8eab\u4efd\u7684\u201c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6fc0\u8fdb\u4e3b\u4e49\u201d\u6027\u8d28\uff0c\u4e5f\u4ecd\u7136\u5728\u56fd\u5bb6\u53ef\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5e02\u573a\u5316\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\u7684\u5de5\u4eba\u884c\u52a8\u4e0d\u662f\u5bf9\u8fdb\u6b65\u4e3b\u4e49\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6846\u67b6\u7684\u56de\u5e94\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u5b83\u5c31\u6709\u8f6c\u53d8\u4e3a\u653f\u6cbb\u6027\u529b\u91cf\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<p>1999\u5e74\u201c\u4f9d\u6cd5\u6cbb\u56fd\u201d\u5199\u5165\u5baa\u6cd5\uff0c\u6b63\u5f0f\u6210\u4e3a\u5de5\u4f1a\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u6307\u5bfc\u601d\u60f3\u548c\u603b\u4f53\u8981\u6c42\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u524d\u540e\uff0c\u56fd\u52a1\u9662\u5236\u5b9a\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u89c4\u7ae0\uff0c\u7528\u6765\u89c4\u8303\u52b3\u52a8\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u65b9\u65b9\u9762\u9762\u3002\u5c0f\u5230\u5de5\u8d44\u6807\u51c6\u3001\u5de5\u4f24\u8d54\u507f\uff0c\u5927\u5230\u533b\u7597\u8986\u76d6\u3001\u85aa\u91d1\u89c4\u5219\u7b49\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\u653f\u515a\u548c\u56fd\u5bb6\u8981\u6c42\u7684\u5de5\u4f1a\u548c\u5de5\u4eba\u9636\u7ea7\u6d3b\u52a8\u89c4\u5b9a\u4e3a\u975e\u6cd5\uff0c\u4ece\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e0a\u660e\u4ee4\u7981\u6b62\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u610f\u4e49\u5728\u4e8e\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u901a\u8fc7\u4f9d\u6cd5\u6cbb\u56fd\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u5de5\u4eba\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u65e5\u5e38\u7684\u6743\u5229\u4fdd\u62a4\u548c\u975e\u5e38\u7684\u6297\u8bae\u6d3b\u52a8\u90fd\u5438\u6536\u5230\u53f8\u6cd5\u548c\u884c\u653f\u7684\u4f53\u5236\u5f53\u4e2d\uff0c\u8ba9\u884c\u653f\u548c\u53f8\u6cd5\u7684\u9014\u5f84\u6210\u4e3a\u5de5\u4eba\u5408\u7406\u7ef4\u62a4\u81ea\u8eab\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u76ee\u524d\u4e00\u4e9b\u5b66\u8005\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u52b3\u52a8\u51b2\u7a81\u4e2d\u7684\u5de5\u4eba\u6b63\u5728\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u5730\u8868\u8fbe\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6846\u67b6\u5185\u4e89\u53d6\u6743\u76ca\u7684\u6743\u5229\u610f\u8bc6\u3002(Gallagher, 2005a; Lee, 2002b; Solinger, 1999\uff1b\u5218\u6625\u8363\uff0c2009)\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u7684\u5de5\u4eba\u5f00\u59cb\u901a\u8fc7\u6cd5\u9662\u548c\u4ef2\u88c1\u673a\u6784\u7684\u9014\u5f84\u6765\u89e3\u51b3\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u51b2\u7a81\u30021987\u5e74\u52302005\u5e74\u5e95\uff0c1 720 000\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u51b2\u7a81\u901a\u8fc7\u4ef2\u88c1\u89e3\u51b3\uff0c\u5305\u62ec5 320 000\u7684\u96c7\u5de5\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5f53\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u534a\u53c2\u4e0e\u5230\u4e86\u96c6\u4f53\u51b2\u7a81\u4e2d\uff0c\u6bcf\u5e74\u7684\u589e\u5e45\u4e3a27.3%\u3002(China Daily, 27 August 2007)2006\u5e74\u901a\u8fc7\u4ef2\u88c1\u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u4e89\u8bae\u7684\u6570\u91cf\uff0c\u76f8\u6bd42005\u5e74\u589e\u957f\u4e8642%\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u79cd\u52b3\u52a8\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u5f62\u5f0f\u548c\u56fd\u5bb6\u5728\u52b3\u5de5\u9886\u57df\u7684\u6cd5\u5236\u5efa\u8bbe\u5bc6\u5207\u8054\u7cfb\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u56fd\u5bb6\u8fd0\u7528\u7edf\u5408\u4e3b\u4e49\u52b3\u52a8\u653f\u7b56\u9010\u6e10\u5f15\u5bfc\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u5728\u5de5\u4eba\u7684\u96c6\u4f53\u884c\u52a8\u548c\u72ec\u7acb\u5de5\u4eba\u7ec4\u7ec7\u53d7\u5230\u6cd5\u5f8b\u9650\u5236\u3001\u751a\u81f3\u88ab\u975e\u6cd5\u5316\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u80fd\u591f\u4f7f\u81ea\u8eab\u5229\u76ca\u5f97\u5230\u4fdd\u62a4\uff0c\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u7684\u5de5\u4eba\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u6cd5\u5316\u7684\u6297\u4e89\u624b\u6bb5\u3002\u800c\u5f53\u5927\u591a\u6570\u793e\u4f1a\u8fd0\u52a8\u88ab\u4f53\u5236\u5316\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u603b\u91cf\u4f1a\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd0\u52a8\u5bf9\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u7834\u574f\u529b\u5374\u53d8\u5f97\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u5c0f\uff0c\u5bf9\u653f\u4f53\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u51b2\u51fb\u529b\u4e5f\u663e\u5f97\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u5f31\u3002(\u8d75\u9f0e\u65b0\uff0c2005)\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u5728\u5236\u5ea6\u548c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e0a\u4e3a\u5de5\u4f1a\u548c\u4e00\u4e9bNGO\u7ec4\u7ec7\u53d1\u6325\u7edf\u5408\u529f\u80fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u6216\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ec4\u7ec7\u80fd\u591f\u4f9d\u8d56\u56fd\u5bb6\u5f3a\u5236\u63a8\u884c\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u83b7\u5f97\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u548c\u5bf9\u52b3\u52a8\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u534f\u8c03\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u52b3\u52a8\u51b2\u7a81\u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u53f8\u6cd5\u5316\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u53ef\u80fd\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u53f8\u6cd5\u4f53\u7cfb\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u5b8c\u5584\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u5de5\u4f1a\u7684\u5b98\u65b9\u80cc\u666f\u4e3a\u5176\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5728\u4f53\u5236\u5185\u81ea\u7531\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u4f9d\u636e\u5176\u5408\u6cd5\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u5de5\u4f1a\u80fd\u591f\u901a\u8fc7\u6e38\u8bf4\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5728\u52b3\u52a8\u7acb\u6cd5\u3001\u52b3\u52a8\u4e89\u8bae\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u4e2d\u62c5\u5f53\u79ef\u6781\u800c\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u5f17\u9c81\u74e6\u8428\u5c14\u6307\u51fa\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u5236\u5ea6\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u5373\u5de5\u4f1a\u7684\u5e73\u8861\u8005\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u670d\u52a1\u4e8e\u653f\u6cbb\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5f39\u6027\u548c\u653f\u4f53\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u7a33\u5b9a\uff0c\u670d\u52a1\u4e8e\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u7684\u6301\u7eed\u6267\u653f\u80fd\u529b\u3002(Froissart, 2011)\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u5de5\u4f1a\u5728\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6388\u6743\u4e0b\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\u5f25\u8865\u4e86\u56fd\u5bb6\u5236\u5ea6\u3001\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7684\u5931\u8d25\u4e4b\u5904\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4ece\u5185\u90e8\u8f6c\u53d8\u4e86\u5b83\u3002\u8fd9\u4e0d\u4f46\u4fdd\u62a4\u4e86\u5de5\u4eba\u7684\u6743\u76ca\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u9002\u5e94\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u653f\u5e9c\u7edf\u6cbb\u7684\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e09\u3001\u7ed3\u8bed<\/p>\n<p>\u56de\u987e\u5e02\u573a\u8f6c\u578b30\u591a\u5e74\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u5e02\u573a\u5316\u7684\u4e0d\u65ad\u6df1\u5165\uff0c\u52b3\u52a8\u5173\u7cfb\u548c\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u6574\u4e2a\u5de5\u4eba\u9636\u7ea7\u653f\u7b56\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u5f7b\u5e95\u6539\u53d8\u3002\u6885\u56e0\u66fe\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u201c\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u8fdb\u6b65\u8fd0\u52a8\u662f\u4ece\u8eab\u4efd(Status)\u5230\u5951\u7ea6(Contract)\u7684\u8f6c\u53d8\u201d(Maine, 1906: 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Relations)\u4e00\u8bcd\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5b83\u5728\u672c\u6587\u5f53\u4e2d\u548c\u96c7\u4f63\u5173\u7cfb(Employment Relations)\u3001\u201c\u4ea7\u4e1a(\u5de5\u4e1a)\u5173\u7cfb\u201d(Industrial Relations)\u901a\u7528\u3002\u5f53\u7136\u5728\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e0a\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u5728\u8d23\u4efb\u8ffd\u7a76\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e2d\uff0c\u52b3\u52a8\u5173\u7cfb\u4e0e\u96c7\u4f63\u5173\u7cfb\u662f\u6709\u4e25\u683c\u5dee\u522b\u7684\u3002\u4ea7\u4e1a\u5173\u7cfb\u51fa\u73b0\u4e8e\u5f88\u591a\u897f\u65b9\u5b66\u8005\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e2d\uff0c\u6307\u7684\u662f\u751f\u4ea7\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u662f\u4e0e\u73b0\u4ee3\u7ec4\u7ec7\u52b3\u52a8\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u4e00\u6574\u5957\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5236\u5ea6\u5305\u62ec\u56fd\u5bb6\u52b3\u52a8\u7acb\u6cd5\u548c\u5404\u9879\u52b3\u52a8\u653f\u7b56\uff1b\u52b3\u8d44\u53cc\u65b9\u7684\u6743\u5a01\u5173\u7cfb\u548c\u5de5\u4eba\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5316\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0e\u8c08\u5224\u80fd\u529b\u3002(\u4f5f\u65b0\uff0c2009\uff1a3)\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\u4ea7\u4e1a\u5173\u7cfb\u662f\u5c40\u9650\u4e8e\u751f\u4ea7\u9886\u57df\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u662f\u4ea7\u4e1a\u5de5\u4eba\u4e0e\u4f01\u4e1a\u3001\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8303\u56f4\u6bd4\u524d\u4e24\u8005\u8981\u5c0f\u4e00\u4e9b\u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u975e\u5de5\u4e1a\u96c7\u4f63\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u4e0d\u65ad\u63d0\u9ad8\uff0c\u201c\u4ea7\u4e1a(\u5de5\u4e1a)\u5173\u7cfb\u201d\u4e00\u8bcd\u9010\u6e10\u88ab\u201c\u96c7\u4f63\u5173\u7cfb\u201d(employment relations)\u53d6\u4ee3\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u672c\u6587\u8981\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u662f\u56fd\u4f01\u6539\u5236\u4ee5\u6765\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e0e\u5de5\u4eba\u9636\u7ea7\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u4f7f\u7528\u4e2d\uff0c\u51e0\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u662f\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u2461\u8fd9\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u8bf4\u4ea7\u4e1a\u5de5\u4eba\u7684\u4ea7\u751f\u3001\u53d1\u5c55\u540c\u5916\u654c\u5165\u4fb5\u76f8\u8fde\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u540c\u56fd\u5bb6\u5bf9\u5916\u654c\u5165\u4fb5\u7684\u5e94\u5bf9\u76f8\u8fde\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u8868\u73b0\u5f62\u5f0f\u662f\u5916\u56fd\u76f4\u63a5\u6295\u8d44\u548c\u5b98\u50da\u8d44\u672c\u7684\u4ea7\u751f\u3002\u5177\u6709\u81ea\u4e3b\u5f62\u6001\u7684\u6c11\u95f4\u8d44\u672c\u5219\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u6bd4\u8f83\u5f31\u5c0f\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u4e5f\u540c\u5b98\u50da\u8d44\u672c\u3001\u5916\u56fd\u8d44\u672c\u6709\u7740\u6487\u4e0d\u6e05\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u6309\u7167\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\uff0c1840\u5e74\u4e2d\u82f1\u9e26\u7247\u6218\u4e89\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5916\u56fd\u8d44\u672c\u5bb6\u5f00\u59cb\u5230\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e3e\u529e\u4f01\u4e1a\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b0\u5f0f\u4f01\u4e1a\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u6211\u56fd\u7b2c\u4e00\u6279\u4ea7\u4e1a\u5de5\u4eba\u3002(\u53c2\u89c1\u5218\u660e\u9035\uff0c\u5510\u7389\u826f\uff0c1998\uff1a17-21)<\/p>\n<p>\u2462\u867d\u7136\u674e\u57f9\u6797\u7b49\u4eba\u7528\u7684\u662f\u201c\u4f53\u5236\u7684\u8f6c\u8f68\u201d(Institutional Transition)\u548c\u201c\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u8f6c\u578b\u201d(Structural Transformation)\u6765\u8868\u8ff0\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c(\u9646\u5b66\u827a\uff0c\u674e\u57f9\u6797\uff0c1997\uff1a1)\u4f46\u662f\u201c\u4f53\u5236\u7684\u8f6c\u8f68\u201d\u5b9e\u9645\u8868\u8fbe\u7684\u662f\u540c\u6837\u7684\u610f\u601d\uff0c\u5373\u201c\u4ece\u9ad8\u5ea6\u96c6\u4e2d\u7684\u8ba1\u5212\u518d\u5206\u914d\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4f53\u5236\u5411\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u5e02\u573a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4f53\u5236\u7684\u8f6c\u8f68\u201d\u3002\u800c\u201c\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u8f6c\u578b\u201d\u6307\u7684\u662f\u4ece\u519c\u4e1a\u7684\u3001\u4e61\u6751\u7684\u3001\u5c01\u95ed\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u793e\u4f1a\u5411\u5de5\u4e1a\u7684\u3001\u57ce\u9547\u7684\u3001\u5f00\u653e\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u8f6c\u578b\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u76f8\u5bf9\u6f2b\u957f\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u4e8c\u8005\u867d\u7136\u540c\u65f6\u5c55\u5f00\uff0c\u4f46\u4ece\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u8f6c\u578b\u662f\u4ee5\u8ba1\u5212\u5411\u5e02\u573a\u7684\u677e\u52a8\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u7684\uff0c\u5e02\u573a\u5316\u662f\u4e3b\u5bfc\u578b\u7684\u3001\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u800c\u5e02\u573a\u5316\u5fc5\u7136\u50ac\u751f\u73b0\u4ee3\u793e\u4f1a\u5951\u7ea6\u7684\u4ea7\u751f\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u662f\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e0a\u4eba\u4eba\u5e73\u7b49\u7684\u516c\u6c11\u8eab\u4efd\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u2463\u5f88\u591a\u5b66\u8005\u5c06\u5e02\u573a\u5316\u7684\u5de5\u4eba\u9636\u7ea7\u548c\u4f20\u7edf\u5de5\u4eba\u9636\u7ea7\u4f5c\u4e86\u533a\u5206\uff0c\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u201c\u65b0\u5de5\u4eba\u9636\u7ea7\u201d\u3001\u201c\u5de5\u4eba\u9636\u7ea7\u7684\u518d\u5f62\u6210\u201d\u7b49\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u7fa4\u4f53\u5305\u62ec\u88ab\u5e02\u573a\u5316\u7684\u79c1\u8425\u3001\u5916\u8d44\u4f01\u4e1a\u5de5\u4eba\uff0c\u548c\u6539\u5236\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u56fd\u6709\u4f01\u4e1a\u5de5\u4eba\u3002(\u6f58\u6bc5\u7b49\uff0c2009\uff1b\u5434\u6e05\u519b\uff0c2007\uff1b\u6c88\u539f\uff0c2006\uff1bChan &amp; Pun\uff0c2009)\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u5176\u4ed6\u5b66\u8005\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e00\u6982\u5ff5\u8868\u8fbe\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u3002\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u201c\u65b0\u5de5\u4eba\u9636\u7ea7\u201d\u7406\u8bba\u6240\u8bf4\u7684New Working-class\u7279\u6307\u7531\u719f\u7ec3\u6280\u672f\u4eba\u5458\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u5de5\u4eba\u9636\u7ea7\u961f\u4f0d\uff0c\u662f\u5728\u5de5\u4eba\u9636\u7ea7\u53bb\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5316\u540e\uff0c\u5bf9\u5de5\u4eba\u9636\u7ea7\u7684\u518d\u8ba4\u8bc6\u548c\u91cd\u65b0\u5b9a\u4f4d\u3002\u201c\u65b0\u5de5\u4eba\u9636\u7ea7\u201d\u7814\u7a76\u5e76\u4e0d\u5c06\u9636\u7ea7\u4f5c\u4e3a\u9ad8\u4e8e\u8ba4\u540c\u6216\u793e\u4f1a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u7279\u6743\u8303\u7574\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u4f4e\u4e8e\u79cd\u65cf\u3001\u6027\u522b\u7b49\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u8fb9\u7f18\u8303\u7574\u3002\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u7f57\u7d20\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u201c\u4e00\u4e9b\u5de6\u6d3e\u5b66\u8005\u4e3b\u5f20\u9636\u7ea7\u662f\u5206\u6790\u7684\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u8303\u7574\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u6210\u4e3a\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u53d6\u4ee3\u5176\u4ed6\u6240\u6709\u5206\u7c7b\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u79cd\u8d2f\u7a7f\u5dee\u5f02\u548c\u5730\u57df\u754c\u9650\u7684\u5206\u6790\u5355\u4f4d\u7684\u6765\u6e90\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u65b0\u5de5\u4eba\u9636\u7ea7\u7814\u7a76\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u5c06\u9636\u7ea7\u653e\u5728\u4e2d\u5fc3\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u9636\u7ea7\u6df1\u6df1\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u793e\u4f1a\u6784\u6210\u56e0\u7d20\u2014\u2014\u79cd\u65cf\u3001\u6027\u522b\u3001\u804c\u4e1a\u3001\u6743\u529b\u7ed3\u6784\u2014\u2014\u4ea4\u7ec7\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u9636\u7ea7\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u5f88\u5c11\u88ab\u6316\u6398\u5e76\u4e14\u6700\u96be\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u201d(\u82d1\u6d01\uff0c2007\uff1a1\uff1bRusso &amp; Linkon\uff0c2005\uff1a12)\u90b1\u6797\u5ddd\u4e5f\u63d0\u5230\u201c\u65b0\u5de5\u4eba\u9636\u7ea7\u201d\u7684\u5f62\u6210\uff0c\u4f46\u6307\u7684\u662f\u201c\u7f51\u7edc\u52b3\u5de5\u201d(network labor)\u3002\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u52b3\u5de5\u7fa4\u4f53\u5728\u4ee5\u4fe1\u606f\u3001\u6c9f\u901a\u6280\u672f\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5316\u4e86\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u9636\u7ea7\u5f62\u6210\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u5f00\u59cb\u3002(Qiu\uff0c2009\uff1a5-6)<\/p>\n<p>\u2464\u5373\u9a6c\u6b47\u5c14\u6240\u8bba\u8ff0\u7684\u516c\u6c11\u6743\u5229\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u6743\u5229\u3002(Marshall\uff0c2009)<\/p>\n<p>\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>[1][\u6cd5]\u83f2\u5229\u666e\u00b7\u963f\u5229\u57c3\u65af\uff0c\u4e54\u6cbb\u00b7\u675c\u6bd4.\u79c1\u4eba\u751f\u6d3b\u53f2(V)[M].\u5b8b\u8587\u8587\uff0c\u5218\u7433\u8bd1.\u54c8\u5c14\u6ee8\uff1a\u5317\u65b9\u6587\u827a\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2008.<\/p>\n<p>[2][\u97e9]\u5177\u6d77\u6839.\u97e9\u56fd\u5de5\u4eba\u2014\u2014\u9636\u7ea7\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u6587\u5316\u4e0e\u653f\u6cbb[M].\u6881\u5149\u5ca9\uff0c\u5f20\u9759\u8bd1.\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u6587\u732e\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2004.<\/p>\n<p>[3][\u7f8e]\u8d39\u6b63\u6e05.\u4f1f\u5927\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u9769\u547d(1800-1985\u5e74)[M].\u5218\u5c0a\u68cb\u8bd1.\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u4e16\u754c\u77e5\u8bc6\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1999.<\/p>\n<p>[4][\u7f8e]\u6258\u9a6c\u65af\u00b7\u5e15\u7279\u68ee.\u7f8e\u56fd\u653f\u6cbb\u6587\u5316[M].\u987e\u8083\uff0c\u5415\u5efa\u9ad8\u8bd1.\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u4e1c\u65b9\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2007.<\/p>\n<p>[5][\u82f1]\u5b89\u4e1c\u5c3c\u00b7\u5409\u767b\u65af.\u9636\u7ea7\u5206\u5316\u3001\u9636\u7ea7\u51b2\u7a81\u4e0e\u516c\u6c11\u8eab\u4efd\u6743\u5229[J].\u718a\u7f8e\u5a1f\u8bd1.\u516c\u5171\u884c\u653f\u8bc4\u8bba\uff0c2008\uff0c(6).<\/p>\n<p>[6]\u5e38\u51ef\uff0c\u90b1\u5a55.\u4e2d\u56fd\u52b3\u52a8\u5173\u7cfb\u8f6c\u578b\u4e0e\u52b3\u52a8\u6cd5\u6cbb\u91cd\u70b9\u2014\u2014\u4ece\u300a\u52b3\u52a8\u5408\u540c\u6cd5\u300b\u5b9e\u65bd\u4e09\u5468\u5e74\u8c08\u8d77[J].\u63a2\u7d22\u4e0e\u4e89\u9e23\uff0c2011\uff0c(10).<\/p>\n<p>[7]\u5e38\u51ef.\u52b3\u52a8\u5173\u7cfb\u00b7\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u00b7\u52b3\u6743\u2014\u2014\u5f53\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u95ee\u9898[M].\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u4e2d\u56fd\u52b3\u52a8\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1995.<\/p>\n<p>[8]\u9648\u4e91.\u5b9e\u73b0\u515a\u7684\u5341\u4e8c\u5927\u5236\u5b9a\u7684\u6218\u7565\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u82e5\u5e72\u95ee\u9898(\u4e00\u4e5d\u516b\u4e8c\u5e74\u5341\u4e8c\u6708\u4e8c\u65e5)[A].\u9648\u4e91\u6587\u9009(\u7b2c\u4e09\u5377)[C].\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u4eba\u6c11\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1995.<\/p>\n<p>[9]\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73.\u641e\u5efa\u8bbe\u8981\u5229\u7528\u5916\u8d44\u548c\u53d1\u6325\u539f\u5de5\u5546\u4e1a\u8005\u7684\u4f5c\u7528(\u4e00\u4e5d\u4e03\u4e5d\u5e74\u4e00\u6708\u5341\u4e03\u65e5[A].\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u6587\u9009(\u7b2c2\u5377)[C].\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u4eba\u6c11\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1994a.<\/p>\n<p>[10]\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73.\u5de5\u4eba\u9636\u7ea7\u8981\u4e3a\u5b9e\u73b0\u56db\u4e2a\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u4f5c\u51fa\u4f18\u5f02\u8d21\u732e(\u4e00\u4e5d\u4e03\u516b\u5e74\u5341\u6708\u5341\u4e00\u65e5)[A].\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u6587\u9009(\u7b2c2\u5377)[C].\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u4eba\u6c11\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1994b.<\/p>\n<p>[11]\u8463\u4fdd\u534e.\u52b3\u52a8\u5173\u7cfb\u8c03\u6574\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5316\u4e0e\u56fd\u9645\u5316[M].\u4e0a\u6d77\uff1a\u4e0a\u6d77\u4ea4\u901a\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2006.<\/p>\n<p>[12]\u51af\u540c\u5e86\uff0c\u8bb8\u6653\u519b.\u4e2d\u56fd\u804c\u5de5\u72b6\u51b5\u2014\u2014\u5185\u90e8\u7ed3\u6784\u53ca\u76f8\u4e92\u5173\u7cfb[M].\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u4e2d\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1993.<\/p>\n<p>[13]\u9f9a\u57fa\u4e91.\u8f6c\u578b\u671f\u4e2d\u56fd\u52b3\u52a8\u5173\u7cfb\u7814\u7a76[D].\u5357\u4eac\uff1a\u5357\u4eac\u5e08\u8303\u5927\u5b66\u535a\u58eb\u5b66\u4f4d\u8bba\u6587\uff0c2004.<\/p>\n<p>[14]\u4f55\u6e05\u6d9f.\u5bf9\u5916\u5f00\u653e30\u5e74\uff1a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5916\u8d44\u795e\u8bdd\u7684\u5e7b\u706d[J].\u5f53\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u7814\u7a76(\u7f8e)\uff0c2009\uff0c(2).<\/p>\n<p>[15]\u8d3e\u6a1f\u67ef.\u4e2d\u56fd\u5de5\u4eba\u8bbf\u8c08\u5f55[M].\u6d4e\u5357\uff1a\u5c71\u4e1c\u753b\u62a5\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2009.<\/p>\n<p>[16]\u848b\u4e00\u82c7.\u4f01\u4e1a\u672c\u4f4d\u8bba[J].\u4e2d\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\uff0c1980\uff0c(1).<\/p>\n<p>[17]\u674e\u6c49\u6797.\u4e2d\u56fd\u5355\u4f4d\u73b0\u8c61\u4e0e\u57ce\u5e02\u793e\u533a\u7684\u6574\u5408\u673a\u5236[J].\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\uff0c1993\uff0c(5).<\/p>\n<p>[18]\u674e\u9759\u541b.\u52b3\u5de5\u4e0e\u6027\u522b\uff1a\u897f\u65b9\u5b66\u754c\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u5206\u6790[Z].\u7814\u8ba8\u4f1a\u53d1\u8a00\u7a3f\uff0c1999.<\/p>\n<p>[19]\u674e\u8def\u8def\uff0c\u738b\u594b\u5b87.\u5f53\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u7ed3\u6784\u53ca\u5176\u53d8\u9769[M].\u676d\u5dde\uff1a\u6d59\u6c5f\u4eba\u6c11\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1992.<\/p>\n<p>[20]\u674e\u731b\uff0c\u5468\u98de\u821f\uff0c\u674e\u5eb7.\u5355\u4f4d\uff1a\u5236\u5ea6\u5316\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u5185\u90e8\u673a\u5236[J].\u4e2d\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u5b63\u520a(\u9999\u6e2f)\uff0c1996.<\/p>\n<p>[21]\u674e\u742a.\u6539\u9769\u4e0e\u4fee\u590d\uff1a\u5f53\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u56fd\u6709\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u5173\u7cfb\u7814\u7a76[M].\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u4e2d\u56fd\u52b3\u52a8\u793e\u4f1a\u4fdd\u969c\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2003.<\/p>\n<p>[22]\u5218\u6625\u8363.\u8f6c\u578b\u671f\u52b3\u5de5\u6297\u4e89\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u548c\u52a8\u529b[J].\u63a2\u7d22\u4e0e\u4e89\u9e23\uff0c2009\uff0c(10).<\/p>\n<p>[23]\u5218\u5efa\u519b.\u6743\u529b\u3001\u4eea\u5f0f\u4e0e\u5dee\u5f02\uff1a\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u89c6\u91ce\u4e2d\u7684\u5355\u4f4d\u653f\u6cbb[J].\u4e2d\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u8f91\u520a\uff0c2010\u51ac\u5b63\u5377.<\/p>\n<p>[24]\u5218\u5efa\u519b.\u5355\u4f4d\u4e2d\u56fd\uff1a\u793e\u4f1a\u8c03\u63a7\u4f53\u7cfb\u91cd\u6784\u4e2d\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u3001\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e0e\u56fd\u5bb6[M].\u5929\u6d25\uff1a\u5929\u6d25\u4eba\u6c11\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2000.<\/p>\n<p>[25]\u5218\u660e\u9035\uff0c\u5510\u7389\u826f.\u4e2d\u56fd\u5de5\u4eba\u8fd0\u52a8\u53f2(\u7b2c\u4e00\u5377)[M].\u5e7f\u5dde\uff1a\u5e7f\u4e1c\u4eba\u6c11\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1998.<\/p>\n<p>[26]\u9646\u5b66\u827a\uff0c\u674e\u57f9\u6797.\u4e2d\u56fd\u65b0\u65f6\u671f\u793e\u4f1a\u53d1\u5c55\u62a5\u544a(1991-1995)[M].\u6c88\u9633\uff1a\u8fbd\u5b81\u4eba\u6c11\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1997.<\/p>\n<p>[27]\u8def\u98ce.\u5355\u4f4d\uff1a\u4e00\u79cd\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5f62\u5f0f[J].\u4e2d\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\uff0c1989\uff0c(1).<\/p>\n<p>[28]\u8def\u98ce.\u4e2d\u56fd\u5355\u4f4d\u4f53\u5236\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u548c\u5f62\u6210[J].\u4e2d\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u5b63\u520a(\u9999\u6e2f)\uff0c1993\uff0c(5).<\/p>\n<p>[29]\u502a\u7aef\u660e.\u6211\u56fd\u56fd\u6709\u4f01\u4e1a\u52b3\u52a8\u5173\u7cfb30\u5e74\u6539\u9769\u4e0e\u5b9e\u8df5[N].\u4e2d\u56fd\u7ecf\u6d4e\u65f6\u62a5\uff0c2009-03-19.<\/p>\n<p>[30]\u6f58\u6bc5\uff0c\u5362\u6656\u4e34\uff0c\u4e25\u6d77\u84c9\uff0c\u9648\u4f69\u534e\uff0c\u8427\u88d5\u5747\uff0c\u8521\u79be.\u519c\u6c11\u5de5\u2014\u2014\u672a\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u65e0\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u5316[J].\u5f00\u653e\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c2009\uff0c(6).<\/p>\n<p>[31]\u6f58\u6bc5\uff0c\u4efb\u7130.\u5bbf\u820d\u52b3\u52a8\u4f53\u5236\uff1a\u52b3\u52a8\u63a7\u5236\u4e0e\u6297\u4e89\u7684\u53e6\u7c7b\u7a7a\u95f4[J].\u5f00\u653e\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c2006\uff0c(3).<\/p>\n<p>[32]\u9f50\u51cc\u4e91.\u653f\u515a\u3001\u5de5\u4f1a\u4e0e\u9636\u7ea7\u57fa\u7840\u2014\u2014\u5bf91978\u5e74\u4ee5\u6765\u5de5\u4f1a\u6539\u9769\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5b66\u7814\u7a76[D].\u4e0a\u6d77\uff1a\u590d\u65e6\u5927\u5b66\u535a\u58eb\u5b66\u4f4d\u8bba\u6587\uff0c2005.<\/p>\n<p>[33]\u4e54\u5065.\u7565\u8bba\u6211\u56fd\u52b3\u52a8\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u8f6c\u578b\u53ca\u5f53\u524d\u7279\u5f81[J].\u4e2d\u56fd\u52b3\u52a8\u5173\u7cfb\u5b66\u9662\u5b66\u62a5\uff0c2007\uff0c(2).<\/p>\n<p>[34]\u6c88\u539f.\u793e\u4f1a\u8f6c\u578b\u4e0e\u5de5\u4eba\u9636\u7ea7\u7684\u518d\u5f62\u6210[J].\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\uff0c2006\uff0c(2).<\/p>\n<p>[35]\u6c88\u539f.\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u751f\u4ea7[J].\u793e\u4f1a\uff0c2007\uff0c(2).<\/p>\n<p>[36]\u4f5f\u65b0.\u4e2d\u56fd\u52b3\u52a8\u5173\u7cfb\u8c03\u7814\u62a5\u544a[M].\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u4e2d\u56fd\u8a00\u5b9e\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2009.<\/p>\n<p>[37]\u6c6a\u6656.\u6539\u5236\u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd\u5de5\u4eba\u9636\u7ea7\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u547d\u8fd0\u2014\u2014\u6c5f\u82cf\u901a\u88d5\u96c6\u56e2\u516c\u53f8\u6539\u5236\u7684\u8c03\u67e5\u62a5\u544a[J].\u5929\u6daf\uff0c2006\uff0c(1).<\/p>\n<p>[38]\u738b\u7ecd\u5149.\u5927\u8f6c\u578b\uff1a1980\u5e74\u4ee3\u4ee5\u6765\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u53cc\u5411\u8fd0\u52a8[J].\u4e2d\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\uff0c2008\uff0c(1).<\/p>\n<p>[39]\u5434\u6e05\u519b.\u56fd\u4f01\u6539\u5236\u4e0e\u4f20\u7edf\u4ea7\u4e1a\u5de5\u4eba\u7684\u8f6c\u578b[D].\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u6e05\u534e\u5927\u5b66\u535a\u58eb\u5b66\u4f4d\u8bba\u6587\uff0c2007.<\/p>\n<p>[40]\u5434\u6e05\u519b.\u5e02\u573a\u8f6c\u578b\u65f6\u671f\u56fd\u4f01\u5de5\u4eba\u7684\u7fa4\u4f53\u8ba4\u540c\u4e0e\u9636\u7ea7\u610f\u8bc6[J].\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\uff0c2008\uff0c(6).<\/p>\n<p>[41]\u5434\u6e05\u519b.\u56fd\u4f01\u6539\u5236\u4e2d\u5de5\u4eba\u7684\u5185\u90e8\u5206\u5316\u53ca\u5176\u884c\u52a8\u7b56\u7565[J].\u793e\u4f1a\uff0c2010\uff0c(6).<\/p>\n<p>[42]\u8bb8\u5b9d\u5f3a.\u53d1\u5c55\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u8ff7\u601d[J].\u8bfb\u4e66\uff0c1999\uff0c(7).<\/p>\n<p>[43]\u8bb8\u53f6\u840d\uff0c\u77f3\u79c0\u5370.\u5de5\u4eba\u9636\u7ea7\u5f62\u6210\uff1a\u4f53\u5236\u5185\u4e0e\u4f53\u5236\u5916\u7684\u8f6c\u6362[J].\u5b66\u6d77\uff0c2006\uff0c(4).<\/p>\n<p>[44]\u960e\u6625\u829d.\u52b3\u52a8\u5173\u7cfb\u9700\u8981\u4e0e\u6587\u5316[M].\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u4f01\u4e1a\u7ba1\u7406\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1995.<\/p>\n<p>[45]\u6768\u5fe0\u658c.\u4e2d\u56fd\u52b3\u52a8\u5173\u7cfb\u6f14\u53d8\u5386\u53f2\u53ca\u53d1\u5c55\u8d8b\u5411\u7814\u7a76[D].\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u5317\u4eac\u5927\u5b66\u7855\u58eb\u7814\u7a76\u751f\u5b66\u4f4d\u8bba\u6587\uff0c2007.<\/p>\n<p>[46]\u4e8e\u5efa\u5d58.\u5b89\u6e90\u5b9e\u5f55\u2014\u2014\u4e00\u4e2a\u9636\u7ea7\u7684\u5149\u8363\u4e0e\u68a6\u60f3[M].\u5357\u4eac\uff1a\u6c5f\u82cf\u4eba\u6c11\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2011.<\/p>\n<p>[47]\u82d1\u6d01.\u540e\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49[M].\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u4e2d\u592e\u7f16\u8bd1\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2007.<\/p>\n<p>[48]\u5f20\u9759.\u9636\u7ea7\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0e\u5355\u4f4d\u653f\u6cbb\u2014\u2014\u57ce\u5e02\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5316\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u53c2\u4e0e[J].\u5f00\u653e\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c2003\uff0c(2).<\/p>\n<p>[49]\u5f20\u9759.\u5229\u76ca\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5316\u5355\u4f4d\u2014\u2014\u4f01\u4e1a\u804c\u4ee3\u4f1a\u6848\u4f8b\u7814\u7a76[M].\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u4e2d\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2001.<\/p>\n<p>[50]\u8d75\u9f0e\u65b0.\u897f\u65b9\u793e\u4f1a\u8fd0\u52a8\u4e0e\u9769\u547d\u7406\u8bba\u53d1\u5c55\u4e4b\u8ff0\u8bc4\u2014\u2014\u7ad9\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u601d\u8003[J].\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\uff0c2005\uff0c(1).<\/p>\n<p>[51]\u8d75\u8f89\uff0c\u4e07\u9759.\u52b3\u52a8\u6cd5\u5236\u4e09\u5341\u5e74\uff1a\u6784\u5efa\u548c\u8c10\u7684\u65c5\u7a0b[N].\u6cd5\u5236\u65e5\u62a5\uff0c2008-08-03.<\/p>\n<p>[52]\u4e2d\u534e\u5168\u56fd\u603b\u5de5\u4f1a\uff0c\u4e2d\u5171\u4e2d\u592e\u6587\u732e\u7814\u7a76\u5ba4.\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u6c5f\u6cfd\u6c11\u8bba\u5de5\u4eba\u9636\u7ea7\u548c\u5de5\u4f1a\u5de5\u4f5c[M].\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u4e2d\u592e\u6587\u732e\u51fa\u7248\u793e.2002.<\/p>\n<p>[53]Blecher, 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