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\u4e09\u3001\u52b3\u52a8\u5211\u6cd5\u7684\u51fa\u573a\u5f62\u6001<\/p>\n

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\u5982\u8981\u8bba\u8ff0\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u72af\u7f6a\u7684\u53bb\u72af\u7f6a\u5316\u548c\u8f7b\u5211\u7f5a\u5316\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u59a8\u4ece\u53ef\u7f5a\u7684\u8fdd\u6cd5\u6027\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u53ef\u7f5a\u7684\u8fdd\u6cd5\u6027\u8fd9\u4e00\u6982\u5ff5\u6e90\u4e8e\u5fb7\u56fd\u5211\u6cd5\u4e2d\u7684strafbares unrecht\u4e00\u8bcd\uff0c\u6700\u5148\u7531\u9ed1\u683c\u5c14\u57281821\u5e74\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u300a\u6cd5\u54f2\u5b66\u539f\u7406\u300b\u4e00\u4e66\u4e2d\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u4e3b\u5f20\u5211\u6cd5\u4e0a\u7684\u8fdd\u6cd5\u884c\u4e3a\u4e4b\u8fdd\u6cd5\u6027\u4e0e\u5211\u6cd5\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u6cd5\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u6c11\u6cd5\u4e0a\u7684\u8fdd\u6cd5\u884c\u4e3a\u4e4b\u533a\u522b\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4e3b\u5f20\u5211\u6cd5\u4e0a\u4e4b\u8fdd\u6cd5\u6027\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u6027\u548c\u72ec\u7acb\u6027\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e3b\u5f20\u906d\u5230\u4e86\u674e\u65af\u7279\u3001\u5e0c\u57f9\u5c14(hippel)\u3001\u8d1d\u6797\u683c(Beling)\u3001\u6885\u5179\u683c\uff08Mezger\uff09\u7b49\u7684\u6709\u529b\u6279\u5224\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u53ef\u7f5a\u7684\u8fdd\u6cd5\u6027\u7406\u8bba\u5728\u5176\u53d1\u6e90\u5730\u9500\u58f0\u533f\u8ff9\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u7ecf\u8fc7\u65e5\u672c\u5b66\u8005\u5bab\u672c\u82f1\u4fee\u3001\u4f50\u4f2f\u5343\u4ede\u548c\u85e4\u6728\u82f1\u96c4\u7b49\u7684\u957f\u65f6\u671f\u4ecb\u7ecd\u548c\u52aa\u529b\uff0c\u53ef\u7f5a\u7684\u8fdd\u6cd5\u6027\u7406\u8bba\u5728\u65e5\u672c\u5211\u6cd5\u4e2d\u5374\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u201c\u65b0\u751f\u201d\u3002\u53ef\u7f5a\u7684\u8fdd\u6cd5\u6027\u7406\u8bba\u4ee5\u5211\u6cd5\u7684\u8c26\u6291\u4e3b\u4e49\u3001\u8fdd\u6cd5\u7684\u76f8\u5bf9\u6027\u548c\u5b9e\u8d28\u7684\u8fdd\u6cd5\u6027\u4e3a\u7406\u8bba\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u5c06\u8fdd\u6cd5\u6027\u4ece\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u533a\u522b\u4e3a\u4e0d\u53ef\u7f5a\u7684\u8fdd\u6cd5\u6027\u548c\u53ef\u7f5a\u7684\u8fdd\u6cd5\u6027\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u72af\u7f6a\u5177\u6709\u53ef\u7f5a\u7684\u8fdd\u6cd5\u6027\u624d\u9700\u8981\u8d1f\u62c5\u5211\u4e8b\u8d23\u4efb\u3002<\/p>\n

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\uff08\u4e09\uff09\u96c6\u4f53\u52b3\u8d44\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u975e\u72af\u7f6a\u5316\u548c\u8f7b\u5211\u5316<\/p>\n

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\u6b63\u662f\u5728\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u72af\u7f6a\u3001\u96c7\u4f63\u8005\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u72af\u7f6a\u3001\u96c6\u4f53\u52b3\u8d44\u51b2\u7a81\u4e4b\u72af\u7f6a\u5316\u4e0e\u975e\u72af\u7f6a\u5316\u3001\u5211\u7f5a\u5316\u4e0e\u975e\u5211\u7f5a\u5316\u3001\u8f7b\u5211\u5316\u4e0e\u91cd\u5211\u5316\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6301\u7eed\u4ea4\u66ff\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u52b3\u52a8\u5211\u6cd5\u7684\u89c4\u8303\u7ed3\u6784\u9010\u6e10\u6e05\u6670\uff0c\u52b3\u52a8\u5211\u6cd5\u4e4b\u4e2d\u56fd\u51fa\u573a\u5f62\u6001\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u4e1a\u5df2\u5927\u81f4\u660e\u786e\u3002\u4eca\u540e\u4ecd\u9700\u52aa\u529b\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u529b\u4fc3\u52b3\u52a8\u5211\u6cd5\u5236\u5ea6\u4e4b\u4e2d\u56fd\u5efa\u6784\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4f7f\u52b3\u8d44\u5173\u7cfb\u5448\u73b0\u51fa\u5706\u6da6\u4e4b\u8c8c\uff0c\u5e76\u4f7f\u5de8\u53d8\u4e2d\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u6e10\u81fb\u52b3\u52a8\u6cd5\u6cbb\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3010\u6ce8\u91ca\u3011 [1]\u8fd9\u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5047\u8c61\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5177\u6709\u5168\u7403\u6700\u5927\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u5e02\u573a\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u56fd\u5bb6\u53ea\u662f\u4ee5\u7acb\u6cd5\u7ba1\u5236\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u538b\u5236\u7740\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u5bf9\u96c7\u4f63\u8005\u91c7\u53d6\u96c6\u4f53\u884c\u52a8\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5373\u4f7f\u51fa\u73b0\u8fd9\u79cd\u96c6\u4f53\u884c\u52a8\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u4e60\u60ef\u5c06\u5176\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u201c\u7fa4\u4f53\u6027\u4e8b\u4ef6\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u6a21\u7cca\u52b3\u8d44\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u4ef7\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n

[2]\u4f9d\u636e\u4e0b\u5217\u56db\u79cd\u6807\u51c6\u8fdb\u884c\u5224\u65ad\uff1a(1)\u4ee3\u8868\u4eba\u6807\u51c6\uff08representa-tion standard\uff09\u3002\u5373\u5f53\u4e2a\u522b\u52b3\u5de5\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ee3\u8868\u5176\u4ed6\u52b3\u5de5\u65f6\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u6cd5\u9662\u5747\u8ba4\u5b9a\u5176\u5c5e\u4e8e\u96c6\u4f53\u4e89\u8bae\u3002\u8be5\u4e2a\u522b\u52b3\u5de5\u5e76\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u7ecf\u8fc7\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u9009\u4e3e\u6216\u4efb\u547d\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u5fc5\u987b\u8868\u793a\u5177\u6709\u7533\u8bc9\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u56e2\u4f53\u7684\u660e\u793a\u5229\u76ca\u3002(2)\u9a6c\u4fee\u59c6\u6807\u51c6\uff08Mushroom standard\uff09\u3002\u8be5\u6807\u51c6\u662f1964\u5e74\u6cd5\u9662\u5728\u5ba1\u7406\u9a6c\u4fee\u59c6\u516c\u53f8\u52b3\u52a8\u7ea0\u7eb7\u6848\u4e4b\u4e2d\u786e\u7acb\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u3002\u5373\u5f53\u4e2a\u522b\u52b3\u5de5\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u4fc3\u6210\u6216\u51c6\u5907\u4e3a\u96c6\u4f53\u52b3\u5de5\u884c\u4e3a\u65f6\uff0c\u4ee5\u7ea0\u6b63\u7533\u8bc9\u6216\u544a\u8bc9\u65f6\uff0c\u5176\u4e3a\u6cd5\u9662\u4fdd\u969c\u7684\u4e2a\u522b\u52b3\u5de5\u7684\u96c6\u4f53\u52b3\u8d44\u4e89\u8bae\u3002\u8be5\u4e2a\u522b\u52b3\u5de5\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u987b\u610f\u6b32\u6216\u4f30\u8ba1\u5c06\u4fc3\u6210\u96c6\u4f53\u52b3\u8d44\u4e89\u8bae\u884c\u4e3a\u59cb\u53ef\u3002(3)\u82f1\u7279\u83ab\u52d2\u539f\u7406\uff08interboro doctrine\uff09\u3002\u6b64\u539f\u7406\u7cfb\u75311967\u5e74\u7684\u82f1\u7279\u83ab\u52d2\u6848\u4f8b\u53d1\u5c55\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u5373\u4e2a\u522b\u52b3\u5de5\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u76ee\u7684\u5728\u4e8e\u5f3a\u5316\u65e2\u6709\u7684\u56e2\u4f53\u534f\u7ea6\u65f6\uff0c\u5e94\u88ab\u8ba4\u5b9a\u4e3a\u96c6\u4f53\u4e89\u8bae\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5176\u4ed6\u52b3\u5de5\u4e0d\u77e5\u6216\u5bf9\u8be5\u884c\u4e3a\u65e0\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u4ea6\u5bf9\u96c6\u4f53\u4e89\u8bae\u4e4b\u6210\u7acb\u6ca1\u6709\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u6cd5\u9662\u5bf9\u6b64\u5e94\u8be5\u4e88\u4ee5\u786e\u8ba4\u3002(4)\u5229\u76ca\u6807\u51c6\uff08benefitstandard\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u8054\u90a6\u52b3\u5de5\u5c40\u57281980\u5e74\u540e\u5f00\u59cb\u91c7\u7528\u7684\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u5b83\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e2a\u522b\u52b3\u5de5\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u5982\u5bf9\u5176\u4ed6\u52b3\u5de5\u6709\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u4e4b\u65f6\uff0c\u8be5\u4e2a\u522b\u52b3\u5de5\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u5373\u88ab\u8ba4\u5b9a\u4e3a\u96c6\u4f53\u52b3\u5de5\u4e89\u8bae\u3002\uff08\u53c2\u89c1\uff1aNote Protection of Individ-ual and The Requirement of \u201cConcerted Activity\u201d under the National Lahore Relations Act[J].68Cornell. L. Rev. (1986) :186-377.\uff09<\/p>\n

[3]\u76ee\u524d\u6211\u56fd\u5211\u6cd5\u5bf9\u96c7\u4f63\u8005\u52b3\u52a8\u72af\u7f6a\u7684\u5904\u7f5a\u8fd8\u6bd4\u8f83\u8f7b\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u300a\u5211\u6cd5\u300b\u7b2c244\u6761\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\u201c\u5f3a\u8feb\u804c\u5de5\u52b3\u52a8\u7f6a\u201d\u7684\u91cf\u5211\u5e45\u5ea6\u4e3a\uff1a\u201c\u5904\u4e09\u5e74\u4ee5\u4e0b\u6709\u671f\u5f92\u5211\u6216\u8005\u62d8\u5f79\uff0c\u5e76\u5904\u6216\u8005\u5355\u5904\u7f5a\u91d1\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u201c\u96c7\u4f63\u7ae5\u5de5\u4ece\u4e8b\u5371\u91cd\u52b3\u52a8\u7f6a\u201d\u7684\u91cf\u5211\u5e45\u5ea6\u4e3a\uff1a\u201c\u5904\u4e09\u5e74\u4ee5\u4e0b\u6709\u671f\u5f92\u5211\u6216\u8005\u62d8\u5f79\uff0c\u5e76\u5904\u7f5a\u91d1\uff1b\u60c5\u8282\u7279\u522b\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\uff0c\u5904\u4e09\u5e74\u4ee5\u4e0a\u4e03\u5e74\u4ee5\u4e0b\u6709\u671f\u5f92\u5211\uff0c\u5e76\u5904\u7f5a\u91d1\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n

[4]\u5173\u4e8e\u7fa4\u4f53\u6027\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4eba\u6c11\u5185\u90e8\u77db\u76fe\u8be6\u89c12006\u5e7410\u6708\u515a\u7684\u5341\u516d\u5c4a\u516d\u4e2d\u5168\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7\u7684\u300a\u5173\u4e8e\u6784\u5efa\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u8c10\u793e\u4f1a\u82e5\u5e72\u91cd\u5927\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\u300b\uff0c\u5b83\u660e\u786e\u6307\u51fa\uff1a\u201c\u575a\u6301\u4f9d\u6cd5\u529e\u4e8b\u3001\u6309\u653f\u7b56\u529e\u4e8b\uff0c\u53d1\u6325\u601d\u60f3\u653f\u6cbb\u5de5\u4f5c\u4f18\u52bf\uff0c\u79ef\u6781\u9884\u9632\u548c\u59a5\u5584\u5904\u7f6e\u4eba\u6c11\u5185\u90e8\u77db\u76fe\u5f15\u53d1\u7684\u7fa4\u4f53\u6027\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u7ef4\u62a4\u7fa4\u4f17\u5229\u76ca\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u7a33\u5b9a\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n

\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e\u3011 {1}\u884c\u653f\u9662\u7ecf\u6d4e\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u5065\u5168\u7ecf\u793e\u6cd5\u89c4\u5de5\u4f5c\u5c0f\u7ec4\uff0e\u52b3\u5de5\u4e89\u8bae\u6743\u76f8\u5173\u6cd5\u89c4\u4e4b\u7814\u7a76\u2014\u6b27\u7f8e\u4e0e\u65e5\u672c\u5148\u8fdb\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4e0e\u6211\u56fd\u5e94\u6709\u7684\u52b3\u8d44\u4e89\u8bae\u89c4\u8303[M]\uff0c\u53f0\u5317\uff1a\u884c\u653f\u9662\u7ecf\u6d4e\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\uff0c1989:44.<\/p>\n

{2}\u8521\u5c1a\u58a9\uff0e\u52b3\u52a8\u96c6\u4f53\u4e89\u8bae\u6743\u4e4b\u7814\u7a76[D]\uff0e\u53f0\u6e7e\u653f\u6cbb\u5927\u5b66\u6cd5\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u535a\u58eb\u8bba\u6587\uff0c1992:84.<\/p>\n

{3}Robert A. Gorman, Matthew W. Finkin. the Individ-ual and the Requiremengt of \u201cConcert\u201d under the National La-bor Relations Act [J]\uff0e139 U. Pa. L. Rev. 87\uff081981\uff09\uff0e<\/p>\n

{4}\u5b63\u536b\u4e1c\uff0e\u8d85\u8fd1\u4ee3\u7684\u6cd5\u2014\u4e2d\u56fd\u6cd5\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u6df1\u5c42\u7ed3\u6784[M]\uff0e\u4eac\u90fd\uff1a\u5bc6\u6d85\u74e6\u4e66\u623f\uff0c1999:28.<\/p>\n

{5}\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u6587\u9009\uff08\u7b2c2\u5377\uff09[M]\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u4eba\u6c11\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1994:333.<\/p>\n

{6}\u7af9\u5185\u662d\u592b\uff0c\u7b49\uff0e\u65b0\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5b66\u8f9e\u5178\uff08\u65e5\u6587\u7248\uff09[Z]\uff0e\u4e1c\u4eac\uff1a\u6709\u6590\u9601\uff0c1989:952.<\/p>\n

{7}\u5b89\u679d\u82f1\u7ec5\uff0c\u897f\u6751\u5065\u4e00\u90ce\uff0e\u52b3\u52a8\u6cd5\uff08\u65e5\u6587\u7248\uff09[M]\u4e1c\u4eac\uff1a\u6709\u6590\u9601\uff0c1995:291-293.<\/p>\n

{8}\u5e38\u51ef\uff0e\u52b3\u8d44\u51b2\u7a81\u5904\u7406\u6cd5\u5236\u5316\uff1a\u6784\u5efa\u548c\u8c10\u52b3\u52a8\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\u4e00\u9879\u6025\u8feb\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u4efb\u52a1[J]\uff0e\u4e2d\u56fd\u515a\u653f\u5e72\u90e8\u8bba\u575b\uff0c2006(12):19.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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