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\u6587 \/ \u738b\u6c4e\u68ee<\/p>\n

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\uff08\u4e09\uff09\u8bba\u6587\u7684\u6b63\u5f0f\u5199\u4f5c<\/strong><\/p>\n

1. \u5b66\u4e60\u6709\u6240\u53d6\u820d<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u5230\u4e86\u5199\u8bba\u6587\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u8981\u80fd\u53d6\u4e5f\u8981\u80fd\u820d\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u73b0\u5728\u4fe1\u606f\u7206\u70b8\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u7684\u4e66\u592a\u591a\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u5efa\u6784\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c5e\u4e8e\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u6811\uff0c\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u8981\u6709\u4e00\u68f5\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u6811\uff0c\u624d \u80fd\u5728\u90a3\u68f5\u6811\u6302\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u4f46\u5343\u4e07\u4e0d\u8981\u4e0d\u65ad\u7684\u6302\u4e0d\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8981\u6162\u6162\u7684\u820d\u6389\u4e00\u4e9b\u6302\u4e0d\u4e0a\u53bb\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u518d\u968f\u7740\u4f60\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u8ddf\u5173\u5fc3\u7684\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u8ba9\u8fd9\u68f5\u77e5\u8bc6\u6811\u6709\u4e3b\u5e72\u548c\u679d \u53f6\u3002\u7136\u800c\u8fd9\u68f5\u77e5\u8bc6\u6811\u8981\u5982\u4f55\u5f62\u6210\uff1f\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\u4f60\u5fc5\u987b\u5bf9\u6240\u5173\u5fc3\u7684\u9886\u57df\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u7528\u7684\u4e66\u7c4d\u6216\u662f\u6570\u636e\u975e\u5e38\u719f\u6089\u3002<\/p>\n

2. \u5f62\u6210\u4f60\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u6811<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u6211\u6628\u5929\u8fd8\u8bf7\u6559\u6797\u6bd3\u751f\u9662\u58eb\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eca\u5e74\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e03\u5341\u51e0\u5c81\u4e86\uff0c\u6211\u544a\u8bc9\u4ed6\u6211\u4eca\u5929\u8981\u6765\u4f5c\u6f14\u8bb2\uff0c\u5c31\u95ee\u4ed6\uff1a\u201c\u4f60\u5982\u679c\u8bb2\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9898\u76ee\u4f60\u8981\u600e\u4e48\u8bb2\uff1f\u201d\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u5c31\u662f \u90a3\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e94\u3001\u516d\u672c\u4e66\u8981\u8bfb\u597d\u51e0\u904d\u3002\u201d\u56e0\u4e3a\u6797\u6bd3\u751f\u5148\u751f\u662f\u6d77\u8036\u514b\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u51e0\u4f4d\u8fd1\u4ee3\u601d\u60f3\u5927\u5e08\u5728\u829d\u52a0\u54e5\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u5b66\u751f\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u53d7\u7684\u8bad\u7ec3\u4e2d\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u4efd\u662f\u7cbe\u8bfb\u539f\u5178\u3002\u8fd9\u53e5\u8bdd\u5f88 \u6709\u9053\u7406\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u4f60\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u53ea\u8bfb\u90a3\u51e0\u672c\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e66\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u90a3\u4e94\u3001\u516d\u672c\u4e66\u5c06\u9010\u6e10\u5f62\u6210\u4f60\u77e5\u8bc6\u6811\u7684\u4e3b\u5e72\uff0c\u6b64\u540e\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u8981\u6302\u5728\u4e0a\u9762\uff0c\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u53c2\u7167\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e2a\u67b6\u6784\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u628a\u4e0d\u76f8\u5e72\u7684\u4e1c\u897f \u6682\u653e\u4e00\u8fb9\u3002\u751f\u4e5f\u6709\u6daf\uff0c\u77e5\u4e5f\u65e0\u6daf\uff0c\u4f60\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u8bfb\u904d\u5929\u4e0b\u6240\u6709\u7684\u597d\u4e66\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u8981\u5b66\u4e60\u53d6\u820d\uff0c\u4e86\u89e3\u81ea\u5df1\u65e0\u6cd5\u770b\u904d\u6240\u6709\u6709\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u4e66\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4e00\u4f46\u770b\u904d\u6240\u6709\u6709\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u4e66\uff0c\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u5c31\u4f1a \u843d\u5f97\u666e\u6797\u65af\u987f\u8857\u4e0a\u7684\u90a3\u4f4d\u65e7\u4e66\u5e97\u7684\u8001\u677f\u4e00\u822c\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u9605\u8bfb\u592a\u591a\u4e0d\u662f\u81ea\u5df1\u6240\u5173\u5fc3\u7684\u9886\u57df\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u5b83\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4f60\u6765\u8bf4\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u5730\u7684\u6563\u94b1\u3002<\/p>\n

3. \u638c\u63e1\u5de5\u5177<\/strong><\/p>\n

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4. \u7a81\u7834\u5b66\u79d1\u95f4\u7684\u754c\u7ebf<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u5e94\u8be5\u8981\u628a\u8de8\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u5b66\u4e60\u5f53\u4f5c\u662f\u4e00\u4ef6\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e8b\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8de8\u5b66\u79d1\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u5fc5\u987b\u8981\u5bf9\u4f60\u8fd9\u68f5\u77e5\u8bc6\u6811\u6709\u5e2e\u52a9\uff0c\u8981\u5b66\u4f1a\u5230\u522b\u7684\u9886\u57df\u7a0d\u5fae\u5077\u6253\u51e0\u67aa\uff0c\u5230\u522b\u7684\u9886\u57df\u53bb \u6444\u53d6\u4e00\u4e9b\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u672c\u8eab\u5173\u5fc3\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u4ea7\u751f\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u542f\u53d1\uff0c\u53ef\u662f\u4e0d\u8981\u6cdb\u6ee5\u65e0\u6240\u5f52\u3002\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8981\u53bb\u5077\u6253\u90a3\u51e0\u67aa\uff1f\u8fd1\u51e0\u5341\u5e74\u6765\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\u4e0d\u7ba1\u662f\u79d1\u5b66\u6216\u4eba\u6587\uff0c\u6700\u6709\u521b\u65b0\u7684 \u90e8\u4efd\u662f\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u5b66\u79d1\u4ea4\u4f1a\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u3002\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4f1a\u5982\u6b64\uff1f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u73b0\u5728\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5b66\u79d1\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u90fd\u5728\u897f\u65b9\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7eaa\u5f62\u6210\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u4e2d\u56fd\u518d\u628a\u5b83\u8f6c\u501f\u8fc7\u6765\u3002\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7eaa\u5f62\u6210\u8fd9\u4e9b\u77e5\u8bc6\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u5212 \u5206\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u90fd\u5e26\u6709\u90a3\u4e2a\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u8ddf\u5b66\u672f\u80cc\u666f\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e2d\u7814\u9662\u7684\u674e\u9662\u957f\u7684\u4e13\u957f\u5c31\u662f\u7269\u7406\u5316\u5b66\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u5f97\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u5956\u5c31\u662f\u4ed6\u5728\u7269\u7406\u548c\u5316\u5b66\u7684\u4ea4\u754c\u5904\u505a\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u50cf\u8bfa \u8d1d\u5c14\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5956\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e8c\u5341\u5e74\u6765\u6240\u9881\u7684\u5956\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5728\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5956\u6765\u770b\u5c31\u662f\u65c1\u95e8\u8d70\u9053\uff0c\u53e4\u5178\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5c82\u4f1a\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e5f\u5f97\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5956\uff0c\u8fdeJohn Nash \u8fd9\u4f4d\u6570\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e5f\u5f97\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5956\uff0c\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u90fd\u5728\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u4ea4\u754c\u4e0a\uff0c\u5b66\u79d1\u8ddf\u5b66\u79d1\u3001\u5e73\u53f0\u8ddf\u5e73\u53f0\u7684\u4ea4\u754c\u4e4b\u5904\u6709\u6240\u7a81\u7834\u3002\u5728\u5e73\u53f0\u672c\u8eab\u3001\u5728\u5b66\u79d1\u539f\u672c\u6700\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u5df2\u7ecf search \u592a\u591a\u6b21\u4e86\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u80fd\u6709\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u521b\u65b0\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8de8\u9886\u57df\u5b66\u4e60\u662f\u4e00\u4ef6\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5e38\u5e38\u4e00\u7bc7\u7855\u58eb\u8bba\u6587\u6216\u535a\u58eb\u8bba\u6587\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u3001\u6700\u5173\u952e\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u90a3\u4e00\u4e2a\u7edf\u6444\u6027\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u800c\u901a\u5e38\u4f60\u5728\u672c\u5b66\u79d1\u91cc\u9762\u6293\u4e0d\u5230\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4f60\u5df2\u7ecf\u6ce1\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b66\u79d1\u91cc\u9762\u592a\u4e45\u4e86\uff0c \u4f60\u5df2\u7ecf\u62ff\u7740\u624b\u7535\u7b52\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5c0f\u4ed3\u5e93\u91cc\u9762\u7167\u6765\u7167\u53bb\u7167\u592a\u4e45\u4e86\uff0c\u800c\u5fd8\u4e86\u8fd8\u6709\u522b\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u597d\u89e3\u91ca\u4f60\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6750\u6599\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e1c\u897f\u53ef\u9047\u800c\u4e0d\u53ef\u6c42\u3002 John Nash \u8fd9\u4e00\u4f4d\u6570\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4f1a\u5f97\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u6570\u5b66\u5956\uff1f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4ed6\u5728\u8d5b\u5c40\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u535a\u58eb\u8bba\u6587\uff0c\u4f1a\u5728\u6570\u5341\u5e74\u4e4b\u540e\u5f97\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5956\uff1f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u5728\u5927\u5b66\u65f6\u4ee3\u4e0a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5bfc\u8bba\u7684\u8bfe\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6570\u5b66 \u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u5728\u7ecf\u6d4e\u65b9\u9762\u6765\u601d\u8003\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e1c\u897f\u5728\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u60f3\u5230\u4f1a\u6709\u8fd9\u4e48\u5927\u7684\u7528\u5904\u3002\u4ed6\u662f\u5728\u6570\u5b66\u548c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u4ea4\u754c\u4e4b\u5904\u505a\u7a81\u7834\u3002\u6709\u65f6\u5019\u5728\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\u6ca1\u6709\u5927 \u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5728\u6570\u5b66\u7684\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u5927\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u4e24\u4e2a\u52a0\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u706b\u82b1\u5c31\u4f1a\u8e66\u51fa\u6765\u3002<\/p>\n

5. \u8bba\u6587\u9898\u76ee\u8981\u6709\u5ef6\u5c55\u6027<\/strong><\/p>\n

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6. \u517b\u6210\u9075\u7167\u5b66\u672f\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u5199\u4f5c\u4e60\u60ef<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u8bad\u7ec3\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5e73\u65f6\u4e0d\u7ba1\u4f60\u5199\u4e00\u4e07\u5b57\u3001\u4e09\u4e07\u5b57\u3001\u4e94\u4e07\u5b57\u90fd\u8981\u517b\u6210\u9075\u7167\u5b66\u672f\u89c4\u8303\u7684\u4e60\u60ef\uff0c\u8981\u8ba9\u4ed6\u81ea\u7136\u5929\u6210\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\u4f60\u8bba\u6587\u7684\u811a\u6ce8\u3001\u683c\u5f0f\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u5f00 \u59cb\u8fdb\u5165\u7814\u7a76\u751f\u7684\u9636\u6bb5\u5c31\u8981\u57f9\u517b\u6210\u4e3a\u4f60\u751f\u547d\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u90e8\u4efd\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e60\u60ef\u6ca1\u6709\u517b\u6210\uff0c\u4eba\u5bb6\u5c31\u4f1a\u89c9\u5f97\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bba\u6587\u4e0d\u4e25\u8c28\uff0c\u4e4b\u540e\u4fee\u6539\u4e5f\u8981\u82b1\u5f88\u591a\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4f60\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u89c4\u6a21\u5f88 \u5927\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u51e0\u767e\u9875\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\u5f04\u9519\u4e86\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u518d\u91cd\u5934\u6539\u5230\u5c3e\uff0c\u4e00\u5b9a\u5f88\u8017\u65f6\u8d39\u529b\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8981\u5728\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\u5c31\u517b\u6210\u4e60\u60ef\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u662f\u5728\u5199\u8bba\u6587\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5728\u5199\u6563\u6587\uff0c\u54ea\u4e00\u4e2a\u9017\u70b9\u5e94\u8be5\u5728 \u54ea\u91cc\u3001\u54ea\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e66\u540d\u53f7\u8be5\u5728\u54ea\u91cc\u3001\u54ea\u4e00\u4e2a\u5730\u65b9\u8981\u7528\u5f15\u53f7\u3001\u54ea\u4e00\u4e2a\u8981\u4ec0\u4e48\u6807\u70b9\u7b26\u53f7\uff0c\u90fd\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u7528\u4e2d\u6587\u5199\u8fd8\u597d\uff0c\u7528\u82f1\u6587\u6709\u4e00\u5927\u5806\u7b80\u79f0\u3002\u5728 1960 \u5e74\u4ee3\u53f0\u6e7e\u77e5\u8bc6\u8fd8\u5f88\u5c01\u95ed\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u4ece\u7f8e\u56fd\u56de\u6765\u5c31\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u7f8e\u56fd\u6709\u4e2a\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e86\u7684\u60c5\u5f62\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u975e\u5e38\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e86\u3002\u201d\u6709\u4eba\u95ee\u4ed6\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e86\uff0c\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684 \u4f5c\u54c1\u5230\u5904\u88ab\u5f15\u7528\u3002\u201d\u4ed6\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u5c31\u53eb ibid \u3002\u6240\u8c13 ibid \u5c31\u662f\u540c\u524d\u4f5c\u8005\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b57\u662f\u4ece\u62c9\u4e01\u6587\u53d1\u5c55\u51fa\u6765\u7684\uff0c\u62c9\u4e01\u6587\u6709\u4e00\u5927\u5806\u7b80\u79f0\uff0c\u50cf et. al. \u5c31\u662f\u4e24\u4eba\u5171\u540c\u7f16\u7684\u3002\u82f1\u6587\u6709\u4e00\u672c The Chicago Manual of Style \u5c31\u662f\u4e13\u95e8\u8bf4\u660e\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e9b\u5199\u4f5c\u89c4\u8303\u3002\u5404\u4f4d\u8981\u5c3d\u65e9\u5b66\u4f1a\u4e2d\u82f1\u6587\u7684\u5199\u4f5c\u89c4\u8303\uff0c\u6162\u6162\u7ec3\u4e60\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u968f\u6027\u4e0b\u7b14\uff0c\u5c31\u80fd\u5199\u51fa\u7b26\u5408\u89c4\u8303\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u3002<\/p>\n

7. \u5584\u7528\u56fe\u4e66\u9986<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u7814\u7a76\u751f\u9636\u6bb5\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8bfb\u6bcf\u4e00\u672c\u4e66\uff0c\u53ef\u662f\u8981\u77e5\u9053\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\u4e66\u3002\u6211\u8bb0\u5f97\u6211\u505a\u5b66\u751f\u65f6\uff0c\u65b0\u8fdb\u7684\u4e66\u90fd\u4f1a\u653e\u5728\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u7684\u5899\u4e0a\uff0c\u800c\u8eab\u4e3a\u5b66\u751f\u6700\u91cd \u8981\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u8981\u628a\u4e66\u540d\u770b\u4e00\u770b\u3002\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u77e5\u9053\u4e66\u76ae\u5c31\u591f\u4e86\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8fd9\u4ecd\u548c\u6253\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u662f\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\u7684\uff0c\u4f60\u8981\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u719f\u6089\u4e00\u4e0b\u90a3\u672c\u4e66\uff0c\u6478\u4e00\u4e0b\uff0c\u770b\u4e00\u773c\u76ee\u5f55\u3002\u6211\u77e5\u9053\u73b0\u5728 \u4ece\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u67e5\u5230\u4e66\u540d\uff0c\u53ef\u662f\u6211\u8fd8\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u73cd\u60dc\u8fd9\u79cd\u5b9a\u671f\u53bb browse \u65b0\u5230\u7684\u4e66\u7684\u611f\u89c9\uff0c\u6216\u53bb\u770b\u770b\u76f8\u5173\u9886\u57df\u7684\u4e66\u957f\u6210\u4ec0\u4e48\u6837\u5b50\u3002\u4e2d\u7814\u9662\u6709\u4e00\u4f4d\u9662\u58eb\u662f\u54c8\u4f5b\u5927\u5b66\u4fe1\u606f\u6559\u6388\uff0c\u4ed6\u544a\u8bc9\u6211\u4ed6\u5728\u521b\u9020\u529b\u6700\u9ad8\u5cf0\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u793c\u62dc\u90fd\u5230\u4ed6\u4eec\u4fe1\u606f\u7cfb\u56fe\u4e66 \u5ba4\u91cc\uff0c\u7ffb\u9605\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u671f\u520a\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u8eab\u4e3a\u7814\u7a76\u751f\u7684\u4eba\u4eec\uff0c\u6700\u719f\u6089\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\u5207\u8bb0\u4e0d\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e0d\u8981\u82b1\u65f6\u95f4\u53bb\u770b\uff0c\u4f60\u4eec\u751f\u6d3b\u5728\u4fe1\u606f\u6cdb\u6ee5\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c\u8ddf\u6211\u751f\u957f\u5728\u4fe1 \u606f\u8d2b\u4e4f\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u751f\u957f\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e2a\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u4f60\uff0c\u8981\u80fd\u6709\u6240\u53d6\u820d\u3002\u6211\u5e38\u5e38\u770b\u6211\u7684\u5b66\u751f\u5f15\u7528\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e09\u6d41\u7684\u8bba\u6587\uff0c\u5374\u5f15\u5f97\u6d25\u6d25\u6709\u5473\uff0c\u6211\u90fd\u66ff\u4ed6\u611f\u5230\u96be\u8fc7\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u5f3a\u8c03\u8981 \u8bfb\u6709\u7528\u3001\u6709\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u3002<\/p>\n

8. \u7559\u4e0b\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u7cbe\u81f4\u601d\u8003<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u8fd8\u8981\u8bb0\u5f97\u7ed9\u81ea\u5df1\u4fdd\u7559\u4e00\u4e9b\u601d\u8003\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u4e00\u7bc7\u8bba\u6587\u80fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u51fa\u795e\u5165\u5316\u3001\u80fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u5f15\u4eba\u5165\u80dc\uff0c\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\u5728\u73b0\u8c61\u4e4b\u4e0a\u4f5c\u6982\u5ff5\u6027\u7684\u601d\u8003\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u4e0d\u662f\u8bf4\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u8d70\u7406\u8bba\u7684 \u8def\u7ebf\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u63d0\u9192\u5927\u5bb6\u8981\u5728\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u5c42\u6b21\u518d\u63d0\u5347\u4e24\u4e09\u6b65\uff0c conceptualize \u4f60\u6240\u770b\u5230\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u3002\u771f\u5207\u53bb\u4e86\u89e3\uff0c\u4f60\u6240\u770b\u5230\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f\u6574\u4f53\u610f\u4e49\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f\u6574\u4f53\u7684\u8f6e\u5ed3\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f\u5343\u4e07\u4e0d\u8981\u88ab\u679d\u8282\u6df9\u6ca1\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u679d\u8282\u662f\u4f60\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4f60\u4e00\u5929\u603b\u4e5f \u8981\u7559\u4e00\u4e9b\u65f6\u95f4\u597d\u597d\u601d\u8003\u3001\u6162\u6162\u6c89\u6dc0\u3002 conceptualize \u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u975e\u5e38\u96be\u6559\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u6211\u8bb0\u5f97\u6211\u5ff5\u4e66\u65f6\uff0c\u6709\u4f4d\u8001\u5e08\u4fe1\u8a93\u65e6\u65e6\u8bf4\u8981\u5f00\u4e00\u95e8\u8bfe\uff0c\u6559\u5b66\u751f\u5982\u4f55 conceptualize \uff0c\u53ef\u662f\u4ece\u6765\u90fd\u6ca1\u5f00\u6210\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u975e\u5e38\u96be\u6559\u3002\u6211\u8981\u63d0\u9192\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u88ab\u5f88\u591a\u6750\u6599\u548c\u679d\u8282\u6df9\u6ca1\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u8981\u9002\u65f6\u8df3\u51fa\u6765\u60f3\u4e00\u60f3\uff0c\u6240\u770b\u5230\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\u610f\u4e49\uff1f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u610f\u4e49\u6709\u6ca1\u6709\u5e7f\u6cdb\u8fde \u7ed3\u5230\u66f4\u5927\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u4ef7\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u30009. \u627e\u5230\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u6977\u6a21<\/strong><\/p>\n

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