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<sup>[3]<\/sup>\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u300a\u5b89\u5168\u751f\u4ea7\u6cd5\u300b\u5373\u4f7f\u5df2\u7ecf\u4fee\u8ba2\u4e86\uff0c\u4ecd\u7136\u6ca1\u6709\u7406\u7531\u4f5c\u4e3a\u884c\u4e1a\u6027\u300a\u77ff\u4e1a\u5b89\u5168\u4e0e\u5065\u5eb7\u6cd5\u300b\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6cd5\u4f9d\u636e\u3002<a href=\"\/#_ftn3\" name=\"_ftnref3\">[\u2462]<\/a>\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u300a\u5b89\u5168\u751f\u4ea7\u6cd5\u300b\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5b97\u65e8\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6548\u7387\u7684\u201c\u751f\u4ea7\u5b89\u5168\u201d\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u4eba\u6743\u7684\u201c\u52b3\u52a8\u5b89\u5168\u201d\u3002\u4fee\u8ba2\u540e\u7684\u300a\u5b89\u5168\u751f\u4ea7\u6cd5\u300b\u7b2c1\u6761\u89c4\u5b9a\uff1a\u201c\u4e3a\u4e86\u52a0\u5f3a\u5b89\u5168\u751f\u4ea7\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u9632\u6b62\u548c\u51cf\u5c11\u751f\u4ea7\u5b89\u5168\u4e8b\u6545\uff0c\u4fdd\u969c\u4eba\u6c11\u7fa4\u4f17\u751f\u547d\u548c\u8d22\u4ea7\u5b89\u5168\uff0c\u4fc3\u8fdb\u7ecf\u6d4e\u793e\u4f1a\u6301\u7eed\u5065\u5eb7\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u5236\u5b9a\u672c\u6cd5\u201d\u3002\u5173\u4e8e\u7acb\u6cd5\u5b97\u65e8\u4e0e\u4ef7\u503c\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u8fd9\u6761\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u7a81\u51fa\u4e86\u7acb\u6cd5\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6027\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u6027\u548c\u5355\u4e00\u6027\u3002\u5176\u4e00\uff0c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6027\u3002\u5728\u7acb\u6cd5\u76ee\u7684\u4e2d\u660e\u786e\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u4fdd\u969c\u8d22\u4ea7\u5b89\u5168\u4ee5\u4fc3\u8fdb\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u8d22\u4ea7\u5b89\u5168\u4fdd\u62a4\u4e0e\u751f\u547d\u5065\u5eb7\u4fdd\u62a4\uff0c\u5e94\u5206\u522b\u9002\u7528\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u7406\u5ff5\u548c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u89c4\u5219\u3002\u5f53\u8d22\u4ea7\u5229\u76ca\u4e0e\u751f\u547d\u5065\u5eb7\u5229\u76ca\u5dee\u5f02\u6027\u51fa\u73b0\u65f6\uff0c\u8d22\u4ea7\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u4fdd\u62a4\u4e0e\u751f\u547d\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u4fdd\u62a4\u96be\u4ee5\u540c\u65f6\u517c\u5f97\u3002\u800c\u4e14\uff0c\u7ec8\u6781\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u4fdd\u969c\u8d22\u4ea7\u5b89\u5168\u6765\u4fc3\u8fdb\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u4eba\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u3002<a href=\"\/#_ftn4\" name=\"_ftnref4\">[\u2463]<\/a>\u5176\u4e8c\uff0c\u653f\u6cbb\u6027\u3002\u5173\u4e8e\u7acb\u6cd5\u76ee\u7684\u7684\u7b2c1\u6761\u89c4\u5b9a\u4e2d\u867d\u7136\u660e\u786e\u4e86\u201c\u4fdd\u969c\u4eba\u6c11\u7fa4\u4f17\u751f\u547d\u201d\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u79cd\u4fdd\u969c\u5904\u4e8e\u4e3a\u4e86\u76ee\u7684\u7684\u624b\u6bb5\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u4fc3\u8fdb\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u800c\u4e14\uff0c\u505a\u4e3a\u624b\u6bb5\u7684\u4fdd\u62a4\u5bf9\u8c61\u662f\u201c\u4eba\u6c11\u7fa4\u4f17\u201d\u4e0d\u662f\u804c\u4e1a\u6027\u201c\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u201d\u3002\u4eba\u6c11\u7fa4\u4f17\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6ca1\u6709\u7279\u6307\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5e76\u53d7\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u4e0d\u5e94\u6210\u4e3a\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e2d\u6240\u8981\u4fdd\u62a4\u7684\u4e3b\u4f53\u3002<a href=\"\/#_ftn5\" name=\"_ftnref5\">[\u2464]<\/a>\u4ece\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7684\u8fd9\u4e00\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u300a\u5b89\u5168\u751f\u4ea7\u6cd5\u300b\u6ca1\u6709\u660e\u786e\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u4fdd\u969c\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u5176\u4e09\uff0c\u5355\u4e00\u6027\u3002\u4fee\u8ba2\u540e\u7684\u300a\u5b89\u5168\u751f\u4ea7\u6cd5\u300b\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u201c\u5145\u5b9e\u548c\u5b8c\u5584\u4e86\u4ece\u4e1a\u4eba\u5458\u5b89\u5168\u751f\u4ea7\u7684\u6743\u5229\u548c\u4e49\u52a1\u3001\u751f\u4ea7\u7ecf\u8425\u5355\u4f4d\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u751f\u4ea7\u4fdd\u969c\u201d\u7b49\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<sup>[4]<\/sup>\u867d\u7136\u5728\u7b2c3\u6761\u4e2d\u5939\u5e26\u4e86\u201c\u4ee5\u4eba\u4e3a\u672c\u201d\u7684\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u201c\u5728\u65b0\u4fee\u8ba2\u7684\u300a\u5b89\u5168\u751f\u4ea7\u6cd5\u300b\u4e2d\uff0c\u589e\u52a0\u4ee5\u4eba\u4e3a\u672c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u8bcd\u201d\u3002 <sup>[5]<\/sup>\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u8bcd\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u76ee\u7684\u7684\u300a\u5b89\u5168\u751f\u4ea7\u6cd5\u300b\u5185\u5bb9\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd8\u96be\u4ee5\u8d77\u5230\u8c61\u5f81\u6027\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u6839\u672c\u6027\u5728\u4e8e\uff0c\u201c\u5c31\u4fdd\u62a4\u6cd5\u76ca\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u4ecd\u7136\u672a\u80fd\u5c06\u9884\u9632\u548c\u63a7\u5236\u804c\u4e1a\u5371\u5bb3\uff0c\u4fdd\u62a4\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u804c\u4e1a\u5065\u5eb7\u7eb3\u5165\u7acb\u6cd5\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u81f4\u4f7f\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u804c\u4e1a\u5b89\u5168\u536b\u751f\u6743\u7ee7\u7eed\u5904\u4e8e\u6b8b\u7f3a\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u201d\u3002 <sup>[6]<\/sup>\u65b0\u300a\u5b89\u5168\u751f\u4ea7\u6cd5\u300b\u7a7a\u7f3a\u4fdd\u62a4\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u804c\u4e1a\u536b\u751f\u6743\u7684\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u5b9e\u8d28\u5728\u4e8e\u804c\u4e1a\u5065\u5eb7\u7684\u4fdd\u62a4\u96be\u4ee5\u4e0e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u76ee\u7684\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u5b89\u5168\u7ed3\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u3002\u300a\u77ff\u4e1a\u5b89\u5168\u4e0e\u5065\u5eb7\u6cd5\u300b\u4e0d\u5e94\u8be5\u518d\u6b21\u7a7a\u7f3a\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u5065\u5eb7\u6743\u7684\u4fdd\u62a4\u3002<a href=\"\/#_ftn6\" name=\"_ftnref6\">[\u2465]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u56fd\u81f3\u4eca\u6ca1\u6709\u51c6\u5907\u5236\u5b9a\u4e13\u95e8\u7684\u804c\u4e1a\u5b89\u5168\u5065\u5eb7\u6cd5\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u300a\u5b89\u5168\u751f\u4ea7\u6cd5\u300b\u3002\u201c\u7136\u800c\u300a\u804c\u4e1a\u5b89\u5168\u5065\u5eb7\u6cd5\u300b\u4e0e\u300a\u5b89\u5168\u751f\u4ea7\u6cd5\u300b\u662f\u7acb\u6cd5\u76ee\u7684\u5e76\u4e0d\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u6027\u8d28\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\uff0c\u524d\u8005\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u4fdd\u969c\u52b3\u5de5\u7684\u751f\u547d\u548c\u5065\u5eb7\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u4fdd\u969c\u5b89\u5168\u751f\u4ea7\u201d\u3002 <sup>[7]<\/sup>\u5373\u300a\u751f\u4ea7\u5b89\u5168\u6cd5\u300b\u7684\u7acb\u6cd5\u5b97\u65e8\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u4fc3\u8fdb\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u7acb\u6cd5\u4ef7\u503c\u53d6\u5411\u4e3a\u4e86\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6548\u7387\u7684\u201c\u751f\u4ea7\u5b89\u5168\u201d\uff1b\u300a\u77ff\u4e1a\u5b89\u5168\u4e0e\u5065\u5eb7\u6cd5\u300b\u7684\u7acb\u6cd5\u5b97\u65e8\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u77ff\u5de5\u7684\u6743\u76ca\uff0c\u7acb\u6cd5\u4ef7\u503c\u5e94\u53d6\u5411\u4e3a\u4e86\u516c\u5e73\u7684\u201c\u52b3\u52a8\u5b89\u5168\u201d\u3002\u201c\u751f\u4ea7\u5b89\u5168\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u52b3\u52a8\u5b89\u5168\u201d\u4e24\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u76f8\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u81f4\u4f7f\u300a\u77ff\u4e1a\u5b89\u5168\u4e0e\u5065\u5eb7\u6cd5\u300b\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0e\u300a\u751f\u4ea7\u5b89\u5168\u6cd5\u300b\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\u540c\u6837\u7684\u7406\u7531\uff0c\u4e5f\u81f4\u4f7f\u300a\u77ff\u4e1a\u5b89\u5168\u4e0e\u5065\u5eb7\u6cd5\u300b\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0e\u73b0\u884c\u300a\u77ff\u5c71\u5b89\u5168\u6cd5\u300b\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5fc5\u987b\u660e\u786e\u5212\u5206\u754c\u7ebf\u624d\u80fd\u5b9e\u73b0\u65b0\u9636\u6bb5\u7acb\u6cd5\u7684\u98de\u8dc3\u3002<a href=\"\/#_ftn7\" name=\"_ftnref7\">[\u2466]<\/a>\u56e0\u4e3a\u73b0\u884c\u300a\u77ff\u5c71\u5b89\u5168\u6cd5\u300b\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6548\u7387\u7684\u201c\u751f\u4ea7\u5b89\u5168\u201d\uff0c\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4e0e\u300a\u5b89\u5168\u751f\u4ea7\u6cd5\u300b\u76f8\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u884c\u4e1a\u6cd5\u3002\u300a\u77ff\u5c71\u5b89\u5168\u6cd5\u300b\u5236\u5b9a\u4e8e\u5e02\u573a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u521a\u8d77\u6b65\u7684\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u90e8\u4e3a\u4e86\u77ff\u4e1a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6548\u7387\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u751f\u4ea7\u6cd5\u3002\u300a\u77ff\u5c71\u5b89\u5168\u6cd5\u300b\u7b2c1\u6761\u89c4\u5b9a\uff1a\u201c\u4e3a\u4e86\u4fdd\u969c\u77ff\u5c71\u751f\u4ea7\u5b89\u5168\uff0c\u9632\u6b62\u77ff\u5c71\u4e8b\u6545\uff0c\u4fdd\u62a4\u77ff\u5c71\u804c\u5de5\u4eba\u8eab\u5b89\u5168\uff0c\u4fc3\u8fdb\u91c7\u77ff\u4e1a\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u5236\u5b9a\u672c\u6cd5\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u6761\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\u7acb\u6cd5\u5b97\u65e8\u548c\u4ef7\u503c\u76ee\u6807\u975e\u5e38\u660e\u786e\uff0c\u5373\u901a\u8fc7\u4fdd\u62a4\u77ff\u5c71\u751f\u4ea7\u5b89\u5168\u548c\u4fdd\u62a4\u77ff\u5c71\u804c\u5de5\u4eba\u8eab\u5b89\u5168\u6765\u4fc3\u8fdb\u91c7\u77ff\u4e1a\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u8bf4\u660e\u7acb\u6cd5\u8ffd\u6c42\u7684\u7ec8\u6781\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u77ff\u4e1a\u751f\u4ea7\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u77ff\u5de5\u5b89\u5168\u4e0e\u5065\u5eb7\u4eba\u6743\u7684\u516c\u5e73\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u4fc3\u8fdb\u751f\u4ea7\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5c5e\u4e8e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6027\u300a\u77ff\u5c71\u5b89\u5168\u6cd5\u300b\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5176\u4e2d\u4e5f\u660e\u786e\u89c4\u5b9a\u201c\u4fdd\u62a4\u77ff\u5c71\u804c\u5de5\u4eba\u8eab\u5b89\u5168\u201d\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u79cd\u4fdd\u62a4\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u624b\u6bb5\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u76ee\u7684\u3002<a href=\"\/#_ftn8\" name=\"_ftnref8\">[\u2467]<\/a>\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4fc3\u8fdb\u77ff\u4e1a\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u201c\u751f\u4ea7\u5b89\u5168\u201d\uff0c\u4e5f\u5fc5\u987b\u5c06\u5de5\u4eba\u4e0e\u8d22\u4ea7\u4e24\u8005\u540c\u65f6\u5217\u5165\u5b89\u5168\u4fdd\u62a4\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u7406\u7531\u5f88\u5145\u5206\uff0c\u673a\u5668\u8bbe\u5907\u3001\u77ff\u4e95\u7b49\u8d22\u4ea7\u635f\u5bb3\u5c06\u5f71\u54cd\u751f\u4ea7\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u540c\u6837\u5fc5\u987b\u9632\u6b62\u56e0\u4eba\u8eab\u5b89\u5168\u98ce\u9669\u51fa\u73b0\u800c\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u6210\u672c\uff0c\u6bd5\u7adf\u4e8b\u6545\u53d1\u751f\u540e\u7684\u8d54\u507f\u4ee5\u53ca\u8c08\u5224\u7b49\u5904\u7f6e\u4e5f\u5c06\u635f\u5bb3\u751f\u4ea7\u6548\u7387\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u300a\u77ff\u4e1a\u5b89\u5168\u4e0e\u5065\u5eb7\u6cd5\u300b\u5c5e\u4e8e\u884c\u4e1a\u5185\u5b89\u5168\u7acb\u6cd5\uff0c\u5728\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5b89\u5168\u57fa\u672c\u6cd5\u4e0e\u884c\u4e1a\u73b0\u884c\u6cd5\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u4e0b\u5b8c\u6210\u7acb\u6cd5\u7684\u98de\u8dc3\uff0c\u6700\u6839\u672c\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u72ec\u7acb\u6289\u62e9\u300a\u77ff\u4e1a\u5b89\u5168\u4e0e\u5065\u5eb7\u6cd5\u300b\u7684\u5b97\u65e8\u53ca\u5176\u8def\u5f84\u3002\u5b89\u5168\uff0c\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5404\u4e2a\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u800c\u9009\u62e9\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u89c2\u3002\u300a\u77ff\u4e1a\u5b89\u5168\u4e0e\u5065\u5eb7\u6cd5\u300b\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u5904\u7406\u4e3a\u4e86\u793e\u4f1a\u516c\u5e73\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u5b89\u5168\u4e0e\u4e3a\u4e86\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6548\u7387\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u5b89\u5168\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u516c\u5e73\u4e0e\u6548\u7387\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5e73\u8861\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u5904\u7406\u9762\u4e34\u4e09\u79cd\u9009\u62e9\u65b9\u5411\uff1a\u5176\u4e00\uff0c\u516c\u5e73\u4e0e\u6548\u7387\u5e76\u91cd\u539f\u5219\u3002\u52b3\u52a8\u5b89\u5168\u4e0e\u751f\u4ea7\u5b89\u5168\u90fd\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u5b89\u5168\u4e0e\u751f\u4ea7\u5e76\u91cd\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\u4ef7\u503c\u53d6\u5411\u662f\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u4e3b\u6d41\u3002\u5728\u751f\u4ea7\u7ecf\u8425\u6d3b\u52a8\u4e2d,\u65e2\u907f\u514d\u53d1\u751f\u9020\u6210\u4eba\u5458\u4f24\u5bb3\u4e5f\u8981\u9632\u6b62\u8d22\u4ea7\u635f\u5931\u7684\u4e8b\u6545\uff0c\u90fd\u5fc5\u987b\u91c7\u53d6\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u9884\u9632\u548c\u63a7\u5236\u63aa\u65bd,\u4ee5\u4fdd\u8bc1\u751f\u4ea7\u7ecf\u8425\u6d3b\u52a8\u5f97\u4ee5\u987a\u5229\u8fdb\u884c\u3002\u5176\u4e8c\uff0c\u516c\u5e73\u517c\u987e\u6548\u7387\u539f\u5219\u3002\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u5728\u6709\u52b3\u52a8\u5b89\u5168\u4fdd\u969c\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u624d\u80fd\u8ffd\u6c42\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u4f46\u53cd\u8fc7\u6765,\u5982\u679c\u5ffd\u89c6\u6548\u7387\u800c\u53ea\u8c08\u52b3\u52a8\u5b89\u5168\u4e5f\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u7269\u8d28\u4fdd\u969c\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u3002\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u5b89\u5168\uff0c\u5e94\u662f\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\u4e2d\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u5b66\u8005\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u201c\u800c\u2018\u5b89\u5168\u4f18\u5148\uff0c\u517c\u987e\u6548\u7387\u2019\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u77ff\u5c71\u5b89\u5168\u6cd5\u7684\u4e00\u9879\u6cd5\u5f8b\u539f\u5219\u201d\u3002 <sup>[8]<\/sup>\u5176\u5b9e\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u516c\u5e73\u517c\u987e\u6548\u7387\u7684\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u7b49\u4e8e\u662f\u5bf9\u8fc7\u53bb\u90a3\u79cd\u201c\u6548\u7387\u4f18\u5148\u8bba\u201d\u7684\u77eb\u6b63\uff0c\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u663e\u8457\u8fdb\u6b65\u3002\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u516c\u5e73\u76ee\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u6027\u539f\u5219\u3002\u4ee5\u77ff\u4e1a\u573a\u6240\u52b3\u52a8\u5b89\u5168\u4e0e\u5065\u5eb7\u7684\u4fdd\u62a4\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7acb\u6cd5\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u4ef7\u503c\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u4e0d\u5939\u5e26\u8d22\u4ea7\u6027\u4fdd\u62a4\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u4eba\u6743\u7684\u516c\u5e73\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u771f\u6b63\u4ee5\u4eba\u4e3a\u672c\uff0c\u4e0d\u5f97\u517c\u987e\u6548\u7387\u751a\u81f3\u8981\u727a\u7272\u6548\u7387\u3002\u8d1f\u8d23\u300a\u5b89\u5168\u751f\u4ea7\u6cd5\u300b\u4fee\u6539\u7684\u7acb\u6cd5\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u201c\u7ecf\u53cd\u590d\u5b66\u4e60\uff0c\u5e76\u7ed3\u5408\u5177\u4f53\u4e8b\u6545\u6848\u4f8b\uff0c\u9010\u6e10\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\u2018\u4ee5\u4eba\u4e3a\u672c\u2019\u5165\u6cd5\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u548c\u5fc5\u8981\u6027\uff0c\u8bf4\u5b83\u662f\u300a\u5b89\u5168\u751f\u4ea7\u6cd5\u300b\u7684\u7acb\u6cd5\u5b97\u65e8\u548c\u6838\u5fc3\u4ef7\u503c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4e3a\u8fc7\u201d\u3002 <sup>[9]<\/sup><\/p>\n<p>\u5e94\u660e\u786e\u754c\u5b9a\uff0c\u300a\u77ff\u4e1a\u5b89\u5168\u4e0e\u5065\u5eb7\u6cd5\u300b\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u4fdd\u969c\u793e\u4f1a\u516c\u5e73\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6548\u7387\u3002\u575a\u5b88\u76ee\u7684\u6027\u7684\u201c\u52b3\u52a8\u5b89\u5168\u201d\u89c2\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0e\u52b3\u52a8\u5065\u5eb7\u7ed3\u5408\uff0c\u66f4\u5728\u4e8e\u201c\u4fdd\u62a4\u77ff\u5c71\u804c\u5de5\u4eba\u8eab\u5b89\u5168\u201d\u4e0d\u518d\u662f\u624b\u6bb5\u800c\u662f\u7ec8\u6781\u76ee\u7684\u3002\u201c\u7eb5\u89c2\u5de5\u4e1a\u53d1\u8fbe\u56fd\u5bb670\u4f59\u5e74\u7684\u7acb\u6cd5\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u804c\u4e1a\u5b89\u5168\u536b\u751f\u6cd5\u89c4\u662f\u4e0d\u8bb2\u7ecf\u6d4e\u548c\u8d22\u4ea7\u7684\uff0c\u53ea\u8bb2\u4eba\u7684\u751f\u547d\u548c\u5065\u5eb7\u4fdd\u62a4\u201d\u3002 <sup>[10]<\/sup>\u5982\u679c\u786e\u7acb\u300a\u77ff\u4e1a\u5b89\u5168\u4e0e\u5065\u5eb7\u6cd5\u300b\u7684\u516c\u5e73\u76ee\u7684\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u6027\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u5c31\u8981\u89e3\u51b3\u4e24\u5927\u5173\u7cfb\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u4e00\u662f\u6548\u7387\u4e0e\u516c\u5e73\u7684\u5206\u8fa8\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u4fc3\u8fdb\u77ff\u4e1a\u53d1\u5c55\u76ee\u7684\u7684\u201c\u751f\u4ea7\u5b89\u5168\u201d\u4e0e\u4e3a\u4e86\u4fdd\u62a4\u77ff\u5de5\u6743\u76ca\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u7684\u201c\u52b3\u52a8\u5b89\u5168\u201d\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u5e02\u573a\u6548\u7387\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u516c\u5e73\uff0c\u4e24\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u5404\u81ea\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u548c\u65b9\u5411\u5fc5\u987b\u5206\u754c\u3002<a href=\"\/#_ftn9\" name=\"_ftnref9\">[\u2468]<\/a>\u53ea\u6709\u4ece\u6839\u672c\u4e0a\u660e\u8fa8\u3001\u754c\u5206\u201c\u751f\u4ea7\u5b89\u5168\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u52b3\u52a8\u5b89\u5168\u201d\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u627e\u51c6\u201c\u52b3\u52a8\u5b89\u5168\u201d\u7acb\u6cd5\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u4e0e\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u4fdd\u969c\u7acb\u6cd5\u76ee\u7684\u7684\u7eaf\u6b63\u548c\u7edf\u4e00\u3002\u4e8c\u662f\u6548\u7387\u4e0e\u516c\u5e73\u7684\u5e73\u8861\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u300a\u77ff\u4e1a\u5b89\u5168\u4e0e\u5065\u5eb7\u6cd5\u300b\u7684\u201c\u52b3\u52a8\u5b89\u5168\u201d\u4e0d\u80fd\u9009\u62e9\u3001\u517c\u987e\u624b\u6bb5\u6027\u201c\u751f\u4ea7\u5b89\u5168\u201d\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u6446\u8131\u201c\u751f\u4ea7\u5b89\u5168\u201d\u7684\u675f\u7f1a\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u201c\u751f\u4ea7\u5b89\u5168\u201d\uff0c\u4e5f\u5fc5\u5904\u7406\u597d\u4e0e\u201c\u751f\u4ea7\u5b89\u5168\u201d\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<a href=\"\/#_ftn10\" name=\"_ftnref10\">[\u2469]<\/a>\u4e3a\u6b64\uff0c\u5168\u9762\u5904\u7406\u77ff\u4e1a\u7684\u201c\u751f\u4ea7\u5b89\u5168\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u52b3\u52a8\u5b89\u5168\u201d\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u65e2\u8981\u5206\u8fa8\u53c8\u8981\u5e73\u8861\uff0c\u662f\u5236\u5b9a\u300a\u77ff\u5c71\u804c\u4e1a\u5b89\u5168\u4e0e\u5065\u5eb7\u6cd5\u300b\u5fc5\u987b\u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u96be\u9898\u3002\u5426\u5219\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u786e\u7acb\u4e86\u7acb\u6cd5\u76ee\u7684\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u6027\uff0c\u4ecd\u5c06\u65e0\u4ece\u4e0b\u624b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e8c\u3001\u5206\u8fa8\u52b3\u52a8\u5b89\u5168\u4e0e\u751f\u4ea7\u5b89\u5168\u4f9d\u8d56\u52b3\u52a8\u5173\u7cfb\u4e24\u91cd\u6027\u539f\u7406<\/p>\n<p>\u300a\u77ff\u4e1a\u5b89\u5168\u4e0e\u5065\u5eb7\u6cd5\u300b\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u4fdd\u62a4\u201c\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u201d\u6743\u76ca\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u4fdd\u62a4\u201c\u52b3\u52a8\u201d\u5229\u76ca\u3002\u52b3\u52a8\u5229\u76ca\u4e0e\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u6743\u76ca\uff0c\u4e24\u8005\u5206\u522b\u5c5e\u4e8e\u52a8\u6001\u52b3\u52a8\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e0e\u9759\u6001\u52b3\u52a8\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u5c5e\u4e8e\u5e02\u573a\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u4e24\u4e2a\u9886\u57df\u91cc\u7684\u4ea7\u6743\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u9700\u8981\u4ece\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u8fa8\u6790\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u4ea7\u6743\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u660e\u6670\u201c\u52b3\u52a8\u5b89\u5168\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u751f\u4ea7\u5b89\u5168\u201d\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u624d\u53ef\u4ee5\u786e\u7acb\u201c\u52b3\u52a8\u5b89\u5168\u201d\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u65b9\u5411\u548c\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\uff08\u4e00\uff09\u52b3\u52a8\u521b\u9020\u4ef7\u503c\u4f46\u4e0d\u80fd\u6539\u53d8\u4ef7\u503c\u5206\u914d<\/p>\n<p>\u4f5c\u4e3a\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u6240\u6709\u8005\uff0c\u4ece\u5e02\u573a\u5411\u77ff\u5c71\u4f01\u4e1a\u51fa\u8ba9\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\uff0c\u52b3\u52a8\u662f\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u51fa\u8ba9\u540e\u7684\u8868\u73b0\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u77ff\u5de5\u662f\u7279\u5b9a\u884c\u4e1a\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\uff0c\u662f\u4ece\u201c\u4eba\u6c11\u7fa4\u4f17\u201d\u4e2d\u5206\u79bb\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u4e2a\u4f53\u6216\u52b3\u52a8\u5e02\u573a\u4e3b\u4f53\u3002\u52b3\u52a8\uff0c\u662f\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u4e3a\u4e86\u8c0b\u6c42\u81ea\u8eab\u751f\u5b58\u548c\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u9700\u8981\uff0c\u6709\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u8fd0\u7528\u5176\u52b3\u52a8\u80fd\u529b\u4e0e\u52b3\u52a8\u8d44\u6599\u7ed3\u5408\u800c\u8fdb\u884c\u521b\u9020\u6027\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u548c\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002\u4ece\u539f\u59cb\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u3001\u5c01\u5efa\u4e3b\u4e49\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u3001\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u5230\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\uff0c\u5176\u95f4\u9664\u4e86\u52b3\u52a8\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e0d\u540c\u4ee5\u5916\uff0c\u5728\u4eba\u7c7b\u5177\u6709\u6c38\u6052\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u5171\u540c\u672c\u8d28\u7279\u5f81\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u4ee5\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u4e3a\u4f8b\u5bf9\u53e4\u5178\u5b66\u6d3e\u521b\u7acb\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u4ef7\u503c\u8bba\u8fdb\u884c\u5f7b\u5e95\u6539\u9020\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u52b3\u52a8\u4ef7\u503c\u7406\u8bba\uff1a\u52b3\u52a8\u5177\u6709\u4e24\u91cd\u6027\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u52b3\u52a8\u662f\u521b\u9020\u4f7f\u7528\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u6e90\u6cc9\uff0c\u62bd\u8c61\u52b3\u52a8\u662f\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u6765\u6e90\u3002<a href=\"\/#_ftn11\" name=\"_ftnref11\">[11]<\/a>\u5728\u5177\u4f53\u52b3\u52a8\u548c\u62bd\u8c61\u52b3\u52a8\u4e4b\u95f4\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u52b3\u52a8\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u610f\u4e49\uff1a\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5145\u5206\u80af\u5b9a\u4f7f\u7528\u4ef7\u503c\u548c\u4ef7\u503c\u662f\u91cd\u8981\u6765\u6e90\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u52b3\u52a8\uff0c\u52b3\u52a8\u5bf9\u4eba\u7c7b\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u548c\u53d1\u5c55\u5177\u6709\u672c\u6e90\u6027\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u529b\uff1b\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u6307\u51fa\u5f02\u5316\u52b3\u52a8\u6240\u9020\u6210\u7684\u4e0d\u5e78\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u4ee5\u751f\u4ea7\u5269\u4f59\u4ef7\u503c\u4e3a\u76ee\u7684\u7684\u5f02\u5316\u52b3\u52a8\uff0c\u751f\u4ea7\u4ea7\u54c1\u8d8a\u591a\u5219\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u8d8a\u8d2b\u56f0\uff0c\u7269\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u589e\u6b96\u540c\u4eba\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u8d2c\u503c\u6210\u6b63\u6bd4\u3002<a href=\"\/#_ftn12\" name=\"_ftnref12\">[12]<\/a>\u8fd9\u79cd\u5f02\u5316\u52b3\u52a8\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u5f62\u6210\u4e8e\u8d44\u672c\u5bb6\u5bf9\u52b3\u52a8\u7684\u96c7\u4f63\u6027\u3002<a href=\"\/#_ftn13\" name=\"_ftnref13\">[13]<\/a>\u96c7\u4f63\u52b3\u52a8\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\u52b3\u52a8\u5f62\u6001\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5fc5\u8981\u52b3\u52a8\u548c\u5269\u4f59\u52b3\u52a8\u3002\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u8d44\u672c\u5265\u524a\u65b9\u5f0f\u57fa\u672c\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u5728\u5fc5\u8981\u52b3\u52a8\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u901a\u8fc7\u5ef6\u957f\u5de5\u4f5c\u65e5\u3001\u63d0\u9ad8\u52b3\u52a8\u5f3a\u5ea6\u7b49\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u5ef6\u957f\u5269\u4f59\u52b3\u52a8\u65f6\u95f4\uff1b\u4ee5\u540e\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u8d44\u672c\u5265\u524a\u65b9\u5f0f\u6709\u6240\u6539\u53d8\uff0c\u5728\u4e8e\u8d44\u672c\u5bb6\u6574\u4f53\u63d0\u9ad8\u793e\u4f1a\u751f\u4ea7\u529b\u4ee5\u7f29\u77ed\u5fc5\u8981\u52b3\u52a8\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u76f8\u5e94\u5730\u5ef6\u957f\u5269\u4f59\u52b3\u52a8\u65f6\u95f4\u3002<a href=\"\/#_ftn14\" name=\"_ftnref14\">[14]<\/a>\u56e0\u5ef6\u957f\u5269\u4f59\u52b3\u52a8\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u5f02\u5316\uff0c\u8ba9\u8d44\u672c\u5bb6\u83b7\u5f97\u6240\u521b\u9020\u7684\u5269\u4f59\u4ef7\u503c\uff0c\u800c\u96c7\u5458\u5219\u56e0\u6b64\u627f\u62c5\u5065\u5eb7\u548c\u751f\u547d\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u6210\u672c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e3a\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u8d44\u672c\u6240\u6709\u6743\u4e0e\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u4eba\u6743\u4e4b\u95f4\u5bfb\u6c42\u65b0\u7684\u5e73\u8861\uff0c\u6539\u53d8\u52b3\u52a8\u5f02\u5316\u73b0\u8c61\u6216\u8005\u8bf4\u6539\u53d8\u52b3\u8d44\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4fbf\u6210\u4e3a\u4e0d\u540c\u793e\u4f1a\u6539\u53d8\u4eba\u6743\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3\u4e3b\u9898\u3002\u8d77\u521d\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u5e0c\u671b\u901a\u8fc7\u52b3\u8d44\u53cc\u65b9\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u52aa\u529b\uff0c\u5728\u5fc5\u8981\u52b3\u52a8\u548c\u5269\u4f59\u52b3\u52a8\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u5f62\u6001\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u4ef7\u503c\u4e4b\u95f4\u53cd\u65b9\u5411\u8fdb\u884c\u7ed3\u6784\u6539\u53d8\u3002<a href=\"\/#_ftn15\" name=\"_ftnref15\">[15]<\/a>\u5728\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u521d\u671f\uff0c\u6124\u6012\u7684\u96c7\u5458\u4eec\u7528\u7834\u574f\u673a\u5668\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4ee5\u8feb\u4f7f\u8d44\u672c\u4e00\u65b9\u505a\u51fa\u8ba9\u6b65\uff1b\u673a\u5668\u5927\u5de5\u4e1a\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u96c7\u5458\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7\u5de5\u4f1a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7f62\u5de5\u4ee5\u8feb\u4f7f\u8d44\u672c\u4e00\u65b9\u505a\u51fa\u6539\u53d8\uff1b\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u540e\u671f\u7531\u56fd\u5bb6\u653f\u6743\u5e72\u9884\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u8d44\u672c\u5bb6\u548c\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u5229\u76ca,\u901a\u8fc7\u7acb\u6cd5\u7ea6\u675f\u8d44\u672c\u4e00\u65b9\u548c\u4fdd\u62a4\u96c7\u5458\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u3002<a href=\"\/#_ftn16\" 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name=\"_ftnref20\">[20]<\/a>1804\u5e74\u7684\u300a\u6cd5\u56fd\u6c11\u6cd5\u5178\u300b\u786e\u7acb\u4e86\u8fd1\u4ee3\u52b3\u52a8\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u8be5\u6cd5\u7b2c1710\u6761\u89c4\u5b9a\u52b3\u52a8\u5173\u7cfb\u4e3a\u201c\u5f53\u4e8b\u4eba\u7ea6\u5b9a\uff0c\u4e00\u65b9\u4e3a\u4ed6\u65b9\u5b8c\u6210\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u4ed6\u65b9\u7ea6\u5b9a\u652f\u4ed8\u62a5\u916c\u7684\u5951\u7ea6\u201d\u3002\u6b64\u540e\u7684\u300a\u5fb7\u56fd\u6c11\u6cd5\u5178\u300b\u3001\u300a\u65e5\u672c\u6c11\u6cd5\u5178\u300b\u3001\u300a\u745e\u58eb\u6c11\u6cd5\u5178\u300b\u7b49\uff0c\u5404\u56fd\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u6c11\u6cd5\u5178\u90fd\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e00\u79cd\u6240\u8c13\u96c7\u4f63\u6027\u8d28\u7684\u201c\u52b3\u52a8\u5173\u7cfb\u201d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u3001\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u5951\u7ea6\u5173\u7cfb\u52a0\u4ee5\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u8fd9\u5728\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e0a\u9002\u5e94\u4e86\u81ea\u7531\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7279\u70b9\u3002\u52b3\u52a8\u5173\u7cfb\u5b66\u5728\u6211\u56fd\u5c1a\u5904\u4e8e\u521b\u8bbe\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u6211\u56fd\u7684\u300a\u52b3\u52a8\u6cd5\u300b\u4ee5\u53ca\u300a\u52b3\u52a8\u5408\u540c\u6cd5\u300b\u4e3a\u660e\u786e\u3001\u7a33\u5b9a\u548c\u53d1\u5c55\u52b3\u52a8\u5173\u7cfb\u5960\u5b9a\u4e86\u5236\u5ea6\u57fa\u7840\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4ee5\u5408\u540c\u4e3a\u4e3b\u8981\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u201c\u52b3\u52a8\u5173\u7cfb\u9996\u5148\u5fc5\u987b\u5173\u6ce8\u96c7\u4e3b\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5229\u76ca\u548c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6548\u7387\uff1b\u52b3\u52a8\u5173\u7cfb\u4e5f\u8981\u8ffd\u6c42\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u7684\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u4eba\u6587\u4ef7\u503c\u5173\u6000\u201d\u3002 <sup>[11]<\/sup>\u4ece\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u5bf9\u52b3\u52a8\u5173\u7cfb\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u52b3\u52a8\u5173\u7cfb\u660e\u663e\u5730\u5177\u6709\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6027\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u7684\u53cc\u91cd\u5c5e\u6027\u3002<a href=\"\/#_ftn21\" name=\"_ftnref21\">[21]<\/a>\u73b0\u4ee3\u5e02\u573a\u7ecf\u6d4e\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u5951\u7ea6\u7ecf\u6d4e\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5e02\u573a\u666e\u901a\u5951\u7ea6\u603b\u662f\u5173\u4e8e\u4ef7\u683c\u3001\u5229\u6da6\u548c\u6536\u5165\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6027\u5951\u7ea6\uff0c<a href=\"\/#_ftn22\" name=\"_ftnref22\">[22]<\/a>\u800c\u52b3\u52a8\u5951\u7ea6\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u6027\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u666e\u901a\u5951\u7ea6\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6027\u4ee5\u5916\u8fd8\u5728\u4e8e\u5951\u7ea6\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u4f7f\u52b3\u52a8\u5951\u7ea6\u5173\u7cfb\u5177\u6709\u53cc\u91cd\u5c5e\u6027\u7279\u5f81\u3002\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u52b3\u52a8\u5951\u7ea6\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6027\u3002\u786e\u5b9a\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u4e0e\u751f\u4ea7\u8d44\u6599\u76f4\u63a5\u7ed3\u5408\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u5951\u7ea6\uff0c\u6487\u5f00\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u6240\u6709\u8005\u7684\u4eba\u6027\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u6240\u7ed3\u5408\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u5219\u8868\u5f81\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u201c\u4eba\u4e0e\u7269\u201d\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u6240\u7ed3\u5408\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u7740\u91cd\u4e8e\u8ffd\u6c42\u4fc3\u8fdb\u751f\u4ea7\u3001\u521b\u9020\u8d22\u5bcc\u4ee5\u53ca\u83b7\u53d6\u6536\u5165\u7b49\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u6309\u5951\u7ea6\u65b9\u5f0f\u51fa\u8ba9\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\uff0c\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u83b7\u53d6\u52b3\u52a8\u62a5\u916c\u3001\u4e3a\u4e86\u751f\u5b58\u548c\u4e3a\u4e86\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u518d\u751f\u4ea7\u7b49\uff0c\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u5728\u52b3\u52a8\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6743\u5229\u53ca\u5176\u6536\u76ca\u5c5e\u4e8e\u201c\u52b3\u52a8\u6743\u76ca\u201d\uff1b<a href=\"\/#_ftn23\" name=\"_ftnref23\">[23]<\/a>\u4f5c\u4e3a\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u4e00\u65b9\uff0c\u6309\u7ea6\u5b9a\u4ef7\u683c\u652f\u4ed8\u5de5\u8d44\uff0c\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u8d22\u5bcc\u589e\u6b96\u548c\u4e3a\u4e86\u8d44\u672c\u5229\u6da6\u3002\u4ece\u5176\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6027\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u4e0e\u76ee\u7684\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u52b3\u52a8\u5951\u7ea6\u4e0e\u5e02\u573a\u666e\u901a\u5951\u7ea6\u6ca1\u6709\u533a\u522b\u3002\u5305\u62ec\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u4ef7\u683c\u3001\u652f\u4ed8\u65b9\u5f0f\u4ee5\u53ca\u8fdd\u7ea6\u8d23\u4efb\u7b49\uff0c\u5747\u5c5e\u4e8e\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u5e02\u573a\u91cc\u7684\u3001\u53cc\u52a1\u6709\u507f\u7684\u3001\u5e73\u7b49\u548c\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u52b3\u52a8\u5951\u7ea6\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u3002\u80fd\u591f\u8ba9\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u4e0e\u751f\u4ea7\u8d44\u6599\u7ed3\u5408\uff0c\u7f18\u4e8e\u53cc\u65b9\u6240\u6709\u8005\u7684\u5408\u610f\uff0c\u5373\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u4f5c\u4e3a\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u6240\u6709\u8005\u4e0e\u8d44\u65b9\u6216\u7528\u4eba\u5355\u4f4d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u751f\u4ea7\u8d44\u6599\u6240\u6709\u8005\u53cc\u65b9\u7684\u610f\u601d\u8868\u793a\u4e00\u81f4\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e3b\u4f53\u95f4\u7684\u5408\u610f\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u53cc\u65b9\u6240\u6709\u6743\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6027\u76ee\u7684\u800c\u5f15\u8d77\u7684\u3001\u4f53\u73b0\u7740\u53cc\u65b9\u6240\u6709\u8005\u610f\u5fd7\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u201c\u4eba\u4e0e\u4eba\u201d\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u4e3b\u8981\u5728\u4e8e\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u6240\u6709\u8005\u7684\u4eba\u6027\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u4f53\u73b0\u5728\u52b3\u52a8\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u4eba\u8eab\u6027\uff0c<a href=\"\/#_ftn24\" name=\"_ftnref24\">[24]<\/a>\u66f4\u5728\u4e8e\u5951\u7ea6\u5408\u610f\u8005\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u7279\u5f81\u3002\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u6240\u6709\u8005\u4e0e\u751f\u4ea7\u8d44\u6599\u6240\u6709\u8005\u53cc\u65b9\uff0c\u5728\u5f62\u6210\u5951\u7ea6\u524d\u7684\u610f\u8bc6\u4ee5\u53ca\u8ba2\u7acb\u5951\u7ea6\u65f6\u7684\u5408\u610f\uff0c\u5747\u53d7\u5230\u793e\u4f1a\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u7b49\u591a\u79cd\u56e0\u7d20\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u548c\u652f\u914d\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\uff0c\u56e0\u793e\u4f1a\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e2a\u4eba\u7279\u6027\u7b49\u591a\u5143\u56e0\u7d20\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u5728\u5e02\u573a\u91cc\u4f9d\u5404\u81ea\u7684\u53c2\u4e0e\u80fd\u529b\u8fdb\u884c\u4ea4\u6613\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u53c2\u4e0e\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u662f\u6743\u5229\u3001\u4e2a\u4eba\u7279\u6027\u3001\u673a\u4f1a\u548c\u4ed6\u4eba\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u662f\u51b3\u5b9a\u52b3\u52a8\u5408\u540c\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u5f3a\u5236\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u4ee5\u5951\u7ea6\u4e3a\u4e3b\u7684\u53cc\u91cd\u52b3\u52a8\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u81f3\u4eca\u88ab\u4eba\u5ffd\u7565\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u903b\u8f91\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u867d\u7136\u5728\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u5e94\u5f53\u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u201c\u4eba\u4e0e\u7269\u201d\u4ee5\u53ca\u201c\u4eba\u4e0e\u4eba\u201d\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u53cc\u91cd\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5c65\u884c\u4e2d\u65e0\u6cd5\u6392\u9664\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u6240\u6709\u8005\u4e0e\u751f\u4ea7\u8d44\u6599\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u7ed3\u5408\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u6295\u5165\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u4e0e\u8d44\u672c\u65b9\u6295\u5165\u7684\u8d22\u4ea7\u8bbe\u5907\u4e4b\u95f4\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u6839\u672c\u533a\u522b\uff0c\u5728\u4e8e\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u4e0e\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u7684\u4e0d\u53ef\u5206\u79bb\u6027\u3002<a href=\"\/#_ftn25\" name=\"_ftnref25\">[25]<\/a>\u7b7e\u8ba2\u52b3\u52a8\u5408\u7ea6\u65f6\u53cc\u65b9\u660e\u786e\u7684\u662f\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u4e0e\u751f\u4ea7\u8d44\u6599\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u7ed3\u5408\uff0c\u5c5e\u4e8e\u52b3\u52a8\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\u5173\u4e8e\u201c\u4eba\u4e0e\u7269\u201d\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5c42\u9762\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u5c65\u884c\u5951\u7ea6\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u5fc5\u987b\u627f\u8f7d\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u800c\u65f6\u523b\u5b88\u5728\u52b3\u52a8\u573a\u6240\uff0c\u5e76\u987b\u81fe\u4e0d\u5f97\u79bb\u5f00\u52b3\u52a8\u573a\u6240\uff1b\u8d44\u672c\u65b9\u6295\u5165\u7684\u8d22\u4ea7\u8bbe\u5907\u7b49\u975e\u4eba\u529b\u8d44\u672c\u4e0e\u5176\u6240\u6709\u8005\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u5206\u79bb\u7684\uff0c\u975e\u4eba\u529b\u8d44\u672c\u6240\u6709\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u8d44\u672c\u7531\u4ed6\u4eba\u6258\u7ba1\u800c\u81ea\u5df1\u5374\u8fdc\u79bb\u804c\u4e1a\u573a\u6240\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u4e0d\u80fd\u50cf\u8d22\u4ea7\u8bbe\u5907\u4e00\u6837\u8131\u79bb\u4e3b\u4f53\u800c\u72ec\u7acb\u5730\u6295\u5165\u5e02\u573a\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u7684\u4fdd\u62a4\u4e0e\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u7684\u4fdd\u62a4\u5fc5\u987b\u8fde\u5e26\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u635f\u5bb3\u4e86\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u5c31\u662f\u635f\u5bb3\u5176\u6240\u6709\u8005\u4eba\u6743\uff0c\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u6240\u6709\u8005\u4eba\u6743\u5728\u52b3\u52a8\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4ecd\u4fdd\u6301\u7740\u201c\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u4eba\u6743\u201d\u800c\u5177\u6709\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u3002\u7531\u6b64\u5bfc\u81f4\u4fdd\u62a4\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u6240\u6709\u8005\u4eba\u6743\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u4e0e\u4fdd\u62a4\u52b3\u52a8\u6743\u76ca\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6027\u5fc5\u7136\u4e0d\u53ef\u5206\u5272\u3002\u4e8e\u662f\uff0c\u52b3\u52a8\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u53cc\u91cd\u5c5e\u6027\u5177\u6709\u4e0d\u53ef\u5206\u5272\u6027\u7279\u5f81\u3002<a href=\"\/#_ftn26\" name=\"_ftnref26\">[26]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\uff08\u4e09\uff09\u7edf\u4e00\u4e8e\u751f\u4ea7\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u5173\u7cfb\u4e24\u91cd\u6027\u539f\u7406<\/p>\n<p>\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u4e00\u8d2f\u91cd\u89c6\u52b3\u52a8\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u529b\u3001\u751f\u4ea7\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5\u52b3\u52a8\u53ca\u5176\u5173\u7cfb\u6c42\u8bc1\u751f\u4ea7\u529b\u4e0e\u751f\u4ea7\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u751f\u4ea7\u529b\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u751f\u4ea7\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u4eba\u4e0e\u81ea\u7136\u201d\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u6307\u52b3\u52a8\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\u4eba\u4eec\u751f\u4ea7\u7269\u8d28\u8d44\u6599\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6027\u3002\u5c06\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u548c\u751f\u4ea7\u8d44\u6599\u8fdb\u884c\u6709\u6548\u914d\u7f6e\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b64\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e24\u8005\u7ed3\u5408\u7684\u4ea7\u51fa\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u6700\u5927\u9650\u5ea6\u5730\u63d0\u9ad8\u751f\u4ea7\u529b\u3002<a href=\"\/#_ftn27\" name=\"_ftnref27\">[27]<\/a>\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u548c\u4e9a\u5f53\u00b7\u65af\u5bc6\u3001\u674e\u5609\u56fe\u7b49\u524d\u4eba\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u533a\u522b\uff0c\u5c31\u5728\u4e8e\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u59cb\u7ec8\u628a\u52b3\u52a8\u770b\u4f5c\u751f\u4ea7\u529b\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u52b3\u52a8\u662f\u521b\u9020\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u6e90\u6cc9\u3002\u751f\u4ea7\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u662f\u6307\u4eba\u4eec\u5728\u7269\u8d28\u8d44\u6599\u751f\u4ea7\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7ed3\u6210\u7684\u201c\u4eba\u4e0e\u4eba\u201d\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<a href=\"\/#_ftn28\" name=\"_ftnref28\">[28]<\/a>\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u52b3\u52a8\u4ef7\u503c\u7406\u8bba\u662f\u7814\u7a76\u751f\u4ea7\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u57fa\u7840\uff1a\u201c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u4ef7\u503c\u53ea\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u4eba\u548c\u4eba\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u5173\u7cfb\u5728\u7269\u4e0a\u7684\u8868\u73b0\u201d\u3002 <sup>[12]<\/sup>\u751f\u4ea7\u529b\u4e0e\u751f\u4ea7\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u6784\u6210\u4e5f\u5f97\u5230\u897f\u65b9\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u7684\u8ba4\u53ef\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u52b3\u52a8\u7684\u201c\u751f\u4ea7\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7531\u4e24\u4e2a\u8981\u7d20\u6784\u6210: \u4e00\u4e2a\u662f\u751f\u4ea7\u529b\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u662f\u751f\u4ea7\u5173\u7cfb\u201d\u3002 <sup>[13]<\/sup><\/p>\n<p>\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u9488\u5bf9\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u52b3\u52a8\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5c06\u52b3\u52a8\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u529b\u540c\u4eba\u4e0e\u4eba\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u5173\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e00\u4e8e\u751f\u4ea7\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u201c\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u751f\u4ea7\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u57fa\u77f3\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u73b0\u4eca\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5236\u5ea6\u4f7f\u8d44\u672c\u5bb6\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u6309\u7167\u5de5\u4eba\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u6765\u8d2d\u4e70\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\uff0c\u8feb\u4f7f\u5de5\u4eba\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u65f6\u95f4\u8d85\u8fc7\u518d\u751f\u4ea7\u90a3\u4e00\u652f\u4ed8\u7ed9\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u7684\u4ef7\u683c\u6240\u5fc5\u9700\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u800c\u4ece\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u4e2d\u69a8\u53d6\u8fdc\u8fdc\u8d85\u8fc7\u5176\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u201d\u3002 <sup>[14]<\/sup>\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u5728\u6b64\u5c06\u5de5\u4eba\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u4e0e\u8d44\u672c\u7ed3\u5408\u89c6\u4e3a\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u751f\u4ea7\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u201c\u57fa\u77f3\u201d\u3002\u4e0d\u540c\u793e\u4f1a\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u201c\u57fa\u77f3\u201d\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u6839\u672c\u539f\u56e0\u5728\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u4e0e\u751f\u4ea7\u8d44\u6599\u7684\u7ed3\u5408\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u5974\u96b6\u793e\u4f1a\u4ee5\u66b4\u529b\u65b9\u5f0f\u5f3a\u5236\u5974\u96b6\u4e0e\u751f\u4ea7\u8d44\u6599\u76f8\u7ed3\u5408\uff0c\u4e3a\u5974\u96b6\u4e3b\u751f\u4ea7\u5269\u4f59\u4ea7\u54c1\uff1b\u5c01\u5efa\u793e\u4f1a\u4f9d\u9760\u4eba\u8eab\u4f9d\u9644\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u79df\u7528\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f7f\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u4e0e\u751f\u4ea7\u8d44\u6599\u76f8\u7ed3\u5408\uff1b\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u8d44\u672c\u5bb6\u5360\u6709\u751f\u4ea7\u8d44\u6599\uff0c\u4ee5\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u201c\u88ab\u8feb\u201d\u8ba9\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u4e0e\u751f\u4ea7\u8d44\u6599\u76f8\u76f8\u7ed3\u3002\u56e0\u800c\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u6307\u51fa\uff1a\u201c\u4e0d\u8bba\u751f\u4ea7\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u5982\u4f55\uff0c\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u548c\u751f\u4ea7\u8d44\u6599\u59cb\u7ec8\u662f\u751f\u4ea7\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u51e1\u8981\u8fdb\u884c\u751f\u4ea7\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5c31\u5fc5\u987b\u7ed3\u5408\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u5b9e\u884c\u8fd9\u79cd\u7ed3\u5408\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u65b9\u5f0f\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f7f\u793e\u4f1a\u7ed3\u6784\u533a\u5206\u4e3a\u5404\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u65f6\u671f\u201d\u3002 <sup>[15]<\/sup><\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u65b9\u5f0f\u5747\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\u52b3\u52a8\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u4e24\u91cd\u6027\u3002\u201c\u6839\u636e\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u7684\u552f\u7269\u53f2\u89c2\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bba\uff0c\u52b3\u8d44\u5173\u7cfb\u662f\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u751f\u4ea7\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u5185\u5bb9\u548c\u5b9e\u73b0\u5f62\u5f0f\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u529b\u3001\u751f\u4ea7\u5173\u7cfb\u548c\u4e0a\u5c42\u5efa\u7b51\u7efc\u5408\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u201d\u3002 <sup>[16]<\/sup>\u4ee5\u52b3\u52a8\u5173\u7cfb\u4e24\u91cd\u6027\u6784\u5efa\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3\u751f\u4ea7\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5df2\u5728\u5e02\u573a\u4f01\u4e1a\u4e2d\u5f97\u4ee5\u5168\u9762\u5c55\u793a\u51fa\u6765\u3002\u5e02\u573a\u91cc\u7684\u4f01\u4e1a\u662f\u5951\u7ea6\u7684\u96c6\u5408\u4f53\uff0c\u4f46\u4e3b\u8981\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u4e0e\u751f\u4ea7\u8d44\u6599\u7ed3\u5408\u7684\u5951\u7ea6\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u5e76\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\u751f\u4ea7\u529b\u4e0e\u751f\u4ea7\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u5bf9\u7acb\u7edf\u4e00\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u201c\u52b3\u52a8\u5173\u7cfb\u4f5c\u4e3a\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u4e0e\u751f\u4ea7\u8d44\u6599\u76f8\u7ed3\u5408\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5728\u4f01\u4e1a\u4e2d\u5904\u4e8e\u6838\u5fc3\u5730\u4f4d\u201d\u3002 <sup>[17]<\/sup>\u4f01\u4e1a\u6240\u62e5\u6709\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u5bf9\u8c61\u662f\u6784\u6210\u5176\u73b0\u5b9e\u751f\u4ea7\u529b\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u524d\u63d0\uff0c\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u662f\u4f01\u4e1a\u751f\u4ea7\u529b\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u4e3b\u4f53\uff1b\u4f01\u4e1a\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u4e0e\u4f01\u4e1a\u4e4b\u95f4\u5728\u751f\u4ea7\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u85aa\u916c\u3001\u798f\u5229\u3001\u5229\u6da6\u7684\u5206\u914d\u5173\u7cfb\u7b49\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u5f71\u54cd\u5230\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u5de5\u4f5c\u6548\u7387\u548c\u4f01\u4e1a\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u603b\u8d77\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u201c\u751f\u4ea7\u529b\u662f\u4f01\u4e1a\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u7ec8\u6781\u52a8\u529b\uff0c\u800c\u751f\u4ea7\u5173\u7cfb\u5219\u662f\u4f01\u4e1a\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5173\u7cfb\u201d\uff0c <sup>[18]<\/sup>\u82f1\u56fd\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5bb6\u91cc\u683c\u6bd4\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\u201c\u751f\u4ea7\u529b\u51b3\u5b9a\u8bba\u201d\u7684\u6839\u672c\u6027\u7f3a\u9677\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u201c\u4e0d\u518d\u662f\u751f\u4ea7\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4ea7\u751f\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u5173\u7cfb\uff1b\u53d6\u800c\u4ee3\u4e4b\uff0c\u662f\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5173\u7cfb\u53d8\u6210\u67d0\u79cd\u751f\u4ea7\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u3002\u5728\u5bf9\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e0d\u518d\u662f\u751f\u4ea7\u529b\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u751f\u4ea7\u5173\u7cfb\u201d\u3002 <sup>[19]<\/sup>\u798f\u5229\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u6d3e\u548c\u51ef\u6069\u65af\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u8bd5\u56fe\u4ece\u6839\u672c\u4e0a\u89e3\u51b3\u8d2b\u5bcc\u5dee\u8ddd\u60ac\u6b8a\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u4ece\u6539\u53d8\u751f\u4ea7\u5173\u7cfb\u65b9\u9762\u5165\u624b\uff0c\u4e3b\u5f20\u514b\u5236\u8d44\u672c\u7684\u6743\u5229\u3002\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u793e\u4f1a\u5236\u5ea6\u4e0b\uff0c\u91cd\u89c6\u4f01\u4e1a\u751f\u4ea7\u5173\u7cfb\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u9002\u5e94\u5176\u751f\u4ea7\u529b\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u9700\u8981\uff0c\u6b63\u786e\u5904\u7406\u4e24\u8005\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u51b3\u5b9a\u7740\u4f01\u4e1a\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e3a\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u63d0\u4f9b\u5168\u65b0\u7684\u601d\u8def\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e0e\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u8fdb\u884c\u5229\u76ca\u5206\u4eab\u662f\u73b0\u4ee3\u4f01\u4e1a\u6210\u529f\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u539f\u56e0\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u771f\u6b63\u5c06\u751f\u4ea7\u529b\u4e0e\u751f\u4ea7\u5173\u7cfb\u8fd0\u7528\u5230\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u521a\u521a\u8d77\u6b65\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u5f85\u4e8e\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u6df1\u5165\u3002<sup>[20]<\/sup><\/p>\n<p>\u73b0\u4ee3\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u65b9\u5f0f\u7406\u8bba\u8fd0\u7528\u4e8e\u4f01\u4e1a\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u786e\u7acb\u52b3\u52a8\u5173\u7cfb\u4e24\u91cd\u6027\u539f\u7406\u3002\u5728\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u4e0e\u8d44\u672c\u7ed3\u5408\u7684\u4f01\u4e1a\u52b3\u52a8\u5951\u7ea6\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\uff0c\u65e2\u8981\u4e3a\u4e86\u4fc3\u8fdb\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6548\u7387\u53c8\u8981\u4e3a\u4e86\u4eba\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6027\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u76ee\u7684\u7ec4\u6210\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u5229\u76ca\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6027\u52b3\u52a8\u5173\u7cfb\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u52b3\u52a8\u5173\u7cfb\u4e0d\u662f\u4e24\u79cd\u52b3\u52a8\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u52b3\u52a8\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u5c42\u9762\u548c\u53cc\u91cd\u5c5e\u6027\u3002\u52b3\u52a8\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u53cc\u91cd\u5c5e\u6027\u76f8\u4f3c\u4e8e\u786c\u5e01\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u5c42\u9762\uff0c\u52b3\u52a8\u5951\u7ea6\u7684\u7f14\u7ed3\u662f\u4e24\u4e2a\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u7edf\u4e00\u4f53\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5c55\u5f00\u52b3\u52a8\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u5c42\u9762\uff0c\u5219\u53ef\u5c06\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u4e0e\u751f\u4ea7\u8d44\u6599\u7ed3\u5408\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5229\u76ca\u5f52\u4e8e\u751f\u4ea7\u529b\uff0c\u5c06\u53cc\u65b9\u6240\u6709\u8005\u7ed3\u5408\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5173\u7cfb\u5f52\u4e8e\u751f\u4ea7\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u52b3\u52a8\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u9762\u53c8\u7edf\u4e00\u4e8e\u751f\u4ea7\u65b9\u5f0f\u8fd9\u679a\u201c\u786c\u5e01\u201d\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e00\u5b9a\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u7740\u8be5\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u52b3\u52a8\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u4e24\u91cd\u6027\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f46\u901a\u8fc7\u751f\u4ea7\u65b9\u5f0f\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u751f\u4ea7\u529b\u4e0e\u751f\u4ea7\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u6027\uff0c\u7531\u6b64\u4fbf\u6784\u6210\u201c\u52b3\u52a8\u5173\u7cfb\u4e24\u91cd\u6027\u539f\u7406\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e09\u3001\u4ee5\u52b3\u52a8\u5173\u7cfb\u4e24\u91cd\u6027\u539f\u7406\u754c\u5b9a\u5e02\u573a\u4e0e\u653f\u5e9c\u5206\u5de5<\/p>\n<p>\u56fd\u5bb6\u4ee5\u6cd5\u5236\u4ee5\u53ca\u884c\u653f\u624b\u6bb5\u8c03\u6574\u52b3\u52a8\u5951\u7ea6\u5173\u7cfb\u5df2\u6210\u4e3a\u5171\u8bc6\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u52b3\u52a8\u5951\u7ea6\u53c8\u5177\u6709\u5e02\u573a\u666e\u901a\u5951\u7ea6\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u4ecd\u7136\u201c\u5f88\u96be\u7406\u89e3\u884c\u653f\u5e72\u9884\u4e0e\u610f\u601d\u81ea\u6cbb\u4e4b\u533a\u754c\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u53ef\u80fd\u4ea7\u751f\u4e0d\u5c11\u8bef\u89e3\u201d\u3002 <sup>[21]<\/sup>\u5728\u5408\u540c\u610f\u601d\u81ea\u6cbb\u4e0e\u516c\u6743\u529b\u5e72\u9884\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5206\u754c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8854\u63a5\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u516c\u6743\u529b\u5e72\u9884\u7684\u8fb9\u754c\u53ca\u5176\u804c\u80fd\u5b9a\u4f4d\uff0c\u4e00\u76f4\u56f0\u6270\u7740\u52b3\u52a8\u5173\u7cfb\u7acb\u6cd5\u3002<a href=\"\/#_ftn29\" name=\"_ftnref29\">[29]<\/a>\u5728\u6b64\uff0c\u8fd0\u7528\u52b3\u52a8\u5951\u7ea6\u5173\u7cfb\u4e24\u91cd\u6027\u539f\u7406\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u754c\u5206\u653f\u5e9c\u4e0e\u5e02\u573a\u3001\u516c\u6cd5\u4e0e\u79c1\u6cd5\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u4ee5\u5951\u7ea6\u4e3a\u4e3b\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u4e0e\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u7684\u4e0d\u53ef\u5206\u79bb\u6027\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u81f4\u4f7f\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u4e0e\u8d22\u4ea7\u6743\u7684\u7ed3\u5408\u800c\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u53cc\u65b9\u6240\u6709\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4eba\u4e0e\u4eba\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u573a\u6240\uff0c\u65e2\u8981\u4fdd\u62a4\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u4e0e\u8d22\u4ea7\u6743\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b89\u5168\uff0c\u53c8\u8981\u4fdd\u62a4\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u6240\u6709\u8005\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5b89\u5168\u3002\u6839\u636e\u52b3\u52a8\u573a\u6240\u4e24\u7c7b\u4fdd\u62a4\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u8fa8\u4e0d\u540c\u8d28\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u89c2\uff0c\u5373\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6027\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u5b89\u5168\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u5b89\u5168\uff1b\u53ef\u4ee5\u660e\u6670\u5e02\u573a\u4e0e\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u5206\u5de5\uff0c\u5728\u201c\u4eba\u4e0e\u7269\u201d\u7684\u8d22\u4ea7\u6743\u5c42\u9762\u8df5\u884c\u5951\u7ea6\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u5728\u201c\u4eba\u4e0e\u4eba\u201d\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5c42\u9762\u53c8\u8981\u56fd\u5bb6\u5e72\u9884\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\uff08\u4e00\uff09\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6027\u52b3\u52a8\u5173\u7cfb\u9002\u7528\u5e02\u573a\u81ea\u7531\u539f\u5219<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u521d\u671f\uff0c\u5e73\u7b49\u3001\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u7406\u5ff5\u5bf9\u793e\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u6781\u5927\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u5951\u7ea6\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u7406\u5ff5\u878d\u5165\u5404\u884c\u4e1a\u3002\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u548c\u96c7\u4e3b\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u76db\u884c\u4ee5\u81ea\u7531\u3001\u5e73\u7b49\u4e3a\u7406\u5ff5\u7b7e\u8ba2\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u51fa\u5356\u548c\u8d2d\u4e70\u7684\u5951\u7ea6\u3002\u4eba\u529b\u8d44\u672c\u4e0e\u8d22\u4ea7\u6743\u81ea\u7531\u7ed3\u5408\u7ec4\u6210\u4f01\u4e1a\uff0c\u5f53\u5c5e\u52b3\u52a8\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\u201c\u4eba\u4e0e\u7269\u201d\u7ed3\u5408\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5c42\u9762\uff0c\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u4fc3\u8fdb\u751f\u4ea7\u529b\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u5171\u540c\u672c\u8d28\u3002\u4f46\u5728\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u65e9\u671f\uff0c\u79c1\u6709\u8d22\u4ea7\u6743\u795e\u5723\u4e43\u81f3\u4f18\u4e8e\u4eba\u6743\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u7f3a\u4e4f\u79c1\u6709\u8d22\u4ea7\u6743\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u961f\u4f0d\u5e9e\u5927\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u56e0\u7d20\u53e0\u52a0\u800c\u4f7f\u52b3\u52a8\u5951\u7ea6\u81ea\u7531\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u751f\u4ea7\u8d44\u6599\u6240\u6709\u8005\u7684\u5929\u5802\u3002<a href=\"\/#_ftn30\" name=\"_ftnref30\">[30]<\/a>\u5f53\u65f6\u8fd9\u79cd\u81ea\u7531\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u5b88\u591c\u4eba\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8d44\u672c\u7edd\u5bf9\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u5173\u7cfb\u91c7\u53d6\u4e86\u5bb9\u5fcd\u3001\u9ed8\u8bb8\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4e3a\u8d44\u672c\u9010\u5229\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\u3002\u56e0\u800c\uff0c\u5951\u7ea6\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u8868\u9762\u5374\u63a9\u76d6\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u5904\u4e8e\u7edd\u5bf9\u5f31\u52bf\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\u3002\u8fd9\u5728\u5b9e\u8d28\u4e0a\uff0c\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u56e0\u53c2\u4e0e\u80fd\u529b\u4e0d\u8db3\u800c\u5728\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5173\u7cfb\u5c42\u9762\u5e76\u4e0d\u81ea\u7531\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e3a\u6ee1\u8db3\u751f\u4ea7\u529b\u53d1\u5c55\u548c\u7ef4\u6301\u5e02\u573a\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u5728\u52b3\u52a8\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6548\u7387\u5c42\u9762\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u5fc5\u987b\u4fdd\u969c\u81ea\u7531\u3001\u5e73\u7b49\u800c\u4e0d\u5f97\u5e72\u9884\u3002\u6839\u636e\u52b3\u52a8\u5173\u7cfb\u4e24\u91cd\u6027\u539f\u7406\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u56fd\u5bb6\u51fa\u9762\u6765\u5e73\u8861\u6548\u7387\u4e0e\u516c\u5e73\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4ecd\u7136\u5e94\u8be5\u4fdd\u969c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6548\u7387\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u6027\uff0c\u5e76\u7531\u5e73\u7b49\u7684\u6c11\u4e8b\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5173\u7cfb\u6765\u8c03\u6574\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u5e02\u573a\u4e0a\u7684\u53cc\u65b9\u7f14\u7ea6\u610f\u613f\u3001\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u4ef7\u683c\u53ca\u652f\u4ed8\u65b9\u5f0f\u3001\u52b3\u52a8\u751f\u4ea7\u6548\u7387\u76ee\u6807\u3001\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u4e0e\u751f\u4ea7\u8d44\u6599\u7684\u7ed3\u5408\u65b9\u5f0f\u3001\u8fdd\u7ea6\u8d23\u4efb\u627f\u62c5\u7b49\uff0c\u5747\u5c5e\u4e8e\u5e02\u573a\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u5e94\u4e0e\u666e\u901a\u5408\u540c\u7684\u7ea6\u5b9a\u6ca1\u6709\u660e\u663e\u533a\u522b\uff0c\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u9002\u7528\u6c11\u4e8b\u5408\u540c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u3002\u4ece\u52b3\u52a8\u5951\u7ea6\u8ba2\u7acb\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u52b3\u3001\u8d44\u53cc\u65b9\u5f53\u4e8b\u4eba\u5e94\u5f53\u4fdd\u6301\u6c11\u4e8b\u5e73\u7b49\u6027\u4e0e\u610f\u601d\u81ea\u6cbb\u6027\u3002\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u5bf9\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6027\u52b3\u52a8\u5951\u7ea6\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5f62\u5f0f\u5e73\u7b49\u4e0e\u81ea\u7531\u6709\u7740\u6781\u4e3a\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u9610\u91ca\uff0c\u201c\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u6240\u6709\u8005\u548c\u8d27\u5e01\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8005\u5728\u5e02\u573a\u4e0a\u76f8\u9047\uff0c\u5f7c\u6b64\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8eab\u5206\u5e73\u7b49\u7684\u5546\u54c1\u6240\u6709\u8005\u53d1\u751f\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u6240\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u662f\u4e70\u8005\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u662f\u5356\u8005,\u56e0\u6b64\u53cc\u65b9\u662f\u5728\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e0a\u5e73\u7b49\u7684\u4eba\u201d\u3002 <sup>[22]<\/sup>\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u5728\u5546\u54c1\u5e02\u573a\u4ea4\u6613\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u666e\u901a\u5546\u54c1\u7684\u4e70\u5356\u4e00\u6837\u3002\u800c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u754c\u5b9a\u52b3\u52a8\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\uff0c\u540c\u6837\u5e94\u4fdd\u969c\u53cc\u65b9\u4f9d\u636e\u610f\u601d\u81ea\u6cbb\u3001\u5951\u7ea6\u81ea\u7531\u548c\u5e73\u7b49\u539f\u5219\u6240\u8ba2\u7acb\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u5408\u540c\uff0c\u5e94\u627f\u8ba4\u548c\u4fdd\u62a4\u7528\u5de5\u5355\u4f4d\u4f9d\u636e\u52b3\u52a8\u5408\u540c\u4eab\u6709\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u7528\u5de5\u6743\u3001\u7ba1\u7406\u6743\u4ee5\u53ca\u5408\u6cd5\u5904\u7f5a\u6743\uff0c\u4f9d\u636e\u52b3\u52a8\u5408\u540c\u63d0\u9ad8\u751f\u4ea7\u6548\u7387\u548c\u83b7\u53d6\u52b3\u52a8\u4ef7\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\uff08\u4e8c\uff09\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u52b3\u52a8\u5173\u7cfb\u9002\u7528\u56fd\u5bb6\u5e72\u9884\u539f\u5219<\/p>\n<p>\u4ece19\u4e16\u7eaa\u523020\u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\uff0c\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u56fd\u5bb6\u5df2\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\u52b3\u52a8\u5951\u7ea6\u5173\u7cfb\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u822c\u6c11\u4e8b\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u4ec5\u4ec5\u4f9d\u9760\u52b3\u3001\u8d44\u53cc\u65b9\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u5408\u610f\uff0c\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u5728\u6c11\u6cd5\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e4b\u5916\u91cd\u65b0\u6784\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5305\u542b\u6709\u52b3\u52a8\u57fa\u51c6\u5236\u5ea6\u3001\u52b3\u52a8\u76d1\u5bdf\u5236\u5ea6\u4ee5\u53ca\u52b3\u52a8\u5b89\u5168\u5236\u5ea6\u7b49\u56fd\u5bb6\u5e72\u9884\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u5173\u7cfb\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4f53\u7cfb\u3002\u6211\u56fd\u300a\u52b3\u52a8\u6cd5\u300b\u7279\u522b\u662f\u300a\u52b3\u52a8\u5408\u540c\u6cd5\u300b\u53ca\u5176\u5b9e\u65bd\u6761\u4f8b\uff0c\u4e5f\u201c\u4ee5\u56fd\u5bb6\u5e72\u9884\u610f\u601d\u81ea\u6cbb\u3001\u5951\u7ea6\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6d88\u9664\u52b3\u52a8\u5408\u540c\u5b9e\u8d28\u4e0a\u7684\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\u201d\uff0c <sup>[23]<\/sup>\u4fdd\u62a4\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u7684\u5408\u6cd5\u6743\u76ca\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u8861\u5e73\u6548\u7387\u4e0e\u516c\u5e73\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<a href=\"\/#_ftn31\" name=\"_ftnref31\">[31]<\/a>\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u6839\u636e\u52b3\u52a8\u5173\u7cfb\u4e24\u91cd\u6027\u539f\u7406\uff0c\u533a\u522b\u56fd\u5bb6\u5e72\u9884\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u548c\u8303\u56f4\uff0c\u65e2\u8981\u4fdd\u969c\u201c\u4eba\u4e0e\u7269\u201d\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u53c8\u8981\u5f3a\u5316\u201c\u4eba\u4e0e\u4eba\u201d\u7684\u516c\u6743\u529b\u9650\u5236\u3002\u9650\u5236\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u662f\u9632\u6b62\u8d44\u672c\u6743\u5229\u7684\u6269\u5f20\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u4ece\u4fdd\u62a4\u4eba\u6743\u548c\u62d3\u5c55\u4eba\u529b\u8d44\u672c\u8fd9\u4e24\u65b9\u9762\u7740\u624b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>1.\u4e13\u95e8\u7ed9\u4e88\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u4eba\u6743\u7684\u4fdd\u62a4<\/p>\n<p>\u90a3\u4e48\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u4e2a\u4f53\u7684\u751f\u547d\u6743\u3001\u5065\u5eb7\u6743\u3001\u4f11\u606f\u6743\u3001\u751f\u80b2\u6743\u3001\u53d7\u6559\u80b2\u6743\u4ee5\u53ca\u4eba\u683c\u5c0a\u4e25\u7b49\u4f17\u591a\u5929\u8d4b\u4eba\u6743\uff0c\u5c5e\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u6743\u5229\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u5929\u8d4b\u4eba\u6743\u7684\u4fdd\u62a4\u4ee5\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u8981\u6ee1\u8db3\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u516c\u6c11\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u9700\u6c42\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u6309\u5408\u540c\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e0a\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\uff0c\u4f46\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u63d0\u9ad8\u4ea7\u51fa\u6548\u7387\u7684\u5546\u54c1\u56e0\u7d20\uff1b\u52b3\u52a8\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u8d5a\u53d6\u5916\u5728\u7684\u8d27\u5e01\u56de\u62a5\u6765\u7ef4\u6301\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u518d\u751f\u4ea7\uff0c\u4f46\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u6240\u6709\u8005\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e92\u52a8\u3001\u5408\u4f5c\u3001\u6210\u957f\u4ee5\u53ca\u53d1\u5c55\u7b49\u5fc3\u7406\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u9700\u8981\u3002\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u7684\u5929\u8d4b\u4eba\u6743\u4e0e\u516c\u6c11\u57fa\u672c\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u4e0e\u4ea7\u751f\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6548\u7387\u7684\u5e02\u573a\u8d22\u4ea7\u6743\u5177\u6709\u672c\u8d28\u533a\u522b\u3002\u516c\u6c11\u7684\u4eba\u6743\u5fc5\u987b\u575a\u5b88\u7cfb\u5217\u539f\u5219\uff1a\u88ab\u5e73\u7b49\u5730\u3001\u65e0\u507f\u5730\u3001\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5730\u5206\u914d\u548c\u4eab\u6709\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u4ef7\u683c\u800c\u4e0d\u9075\u5b88\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u7684\u6bd4\u8f83\u5229\u76ca\u539f\u5219\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u662f\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u7684\u8f7d\u4f53\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u59cb\u7ec8\u5177\u6709\u4e0d\u53ef\u5206\u79bb\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u6240\u6709\u8005\u65f6\u523b\u5b88\u5728\u52b3\u52a8\u573a\u6240\u3002\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u7684\u51fa\u8ba9\u4ee5\u53ca\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u5c5e\u4e8e\u5e02\u573a\u4ea7\u6743\uff1b\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u6240\u6709\u8005\u56e0\u4e0d\u53ef\u5206\u79bb\u6027\u800c\u8eab\u5904\u5e02\u573a\uff0c\u4f46\u53c8\u5c5e\u4e8e\u793e\u4f1a\u516c\u6c11\u3002\u56e0\u800c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5929\u8d4b\u4eba\u6743\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u5730\u88ab\u8f7d\u5165\u5728\u52b3\u52a8\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u5fc5\u987b\u9632\u6b62\u4eba\u6743\u88ab\u878d\u5165\u6216\u8f6c\u79fb\u5230\u52b3\u52a8\u4ef7\u503c\u4e4b\u4e2d\u800c\u6210\u4e3a\u8d44\u672c\u7684\u5229\u6da6\u3002\u4eba\u6743\u539f\u5219\u4e0e\u4e0d\u53ef\u5206\u79bb\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u4e86\u4fdd\u62a4\u7cfb\u5217\u4eba\u6743\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u6027\u3002\u6839\u636e\u4eba\u6743\u539f\u5219\u53ca\u5176\u7279\u6027\u6240\u8868\u660e\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u4eba\u6743\u4e0e\u5e02\u573a\u8d22\u4ea7\u6743\u4e4b\u95f4\u8bbe\u7f6e\u201c\u9632\u706b\u5899\u201d\uff0c\u8ba9\u4eba\u6743\u5728\u52b3\u52a8\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\u53d7\u5230\u4e13\u95e8\u7684\u4fdd\u62a4\u3002<a href=\"\/#_ftn32\" name=\"_ftnref32\">[32]<\/a>\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u6240\u6709\u8005\u5177\u6709\u7684\u4eba\u6743\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u88ab\u770b\u505a\u5546\u54c1\u6216\u751f\u4ea7\u6295\u5165\uff0c\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u65f6\u5019\u90fd\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u56e0\u4e3a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6548\u7387\u800c\u4fb5\u5bb3\u4eba\u6743\u3002\u9632\u6b62\u5e02\u573a\u6743\u5229\u4fb5\u8680\u793e\u4f1a\u4eba\u6743\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u662f\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u7ba1\u5236\u6027\u4fdd\u62a4\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b64\u533a\u522b\u4e8e\u5e02\u573a\u91cc\u7684\u8d22\u4ea7\u6743\u4fdd\u62a4\u3002<a href=\"\/#_ftn33\" name=\"_ftnref33\">[33]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>2.\u62d3\u5c55\u4eba\u529b\u8d44\u672c\u7684\u5185\u5bb9<\/p>\n<p>\u516c\u53f8\u5185\u90e8\u6cbb\u7406\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u66ff\u4ee3\u6a21\u5f0f\u662f\u201c\u5229\u76ca\u76f8\u5173\u8005\u7406\u8bba\u201d\u3002<a href=\"\/#_ftn34\" name=\"_ftnref34\">[34]<\/a>\u6309\u7167\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u5728\u4f01\u4e1a\u4e2d\u6295\u5165\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4eba\u529b\u8d44\u672c\uff0c\u4e5f\u50cf\u751f\u4ea7\u8d44\u6599\u6240\u6709\u8005\u4e00\u6837\u9762\u4e34\u7740\u6709\u98ce\u9669\u7684\u56de\u62a5\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u4e5f\u6709\u7406\u7531\u53c2\u4e0e\u5206\u4eab\u4ef7\u503c\u5269\u4f59\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8d44\u672c\u65b9\uff0c\u4ec5\u6709\u751f\u4ea7\u8d44\u6599\u800c\u65e0\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u7684\u7ed3\u5408\u5219\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u4ea7\u751f\u4ef7\u503c\u548c\u83b7\u5f97\u5229\u6da6\u3002\u5982\u679c\u53ea\u8ba9\u8d44\u672c\u5206\u4eab\u5229\u6da6\u800c\u7f6e\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u7684\u4eba\u529b\u8d44\u672c\u4e88\u4e0d\u987e\uff0c\u80af\u5b9a\u662f\u6709\u5931\u516c\u5e73\u7684\u3002\u8ba9\u4eba\u529b\u8d44\u672c\u6240\u6709\u8005\u53c2\u4e0e\u5206\u4eab\u5269\u4f59\u7684\u9996\u8981\u6761\u4ef6\u662f\u53c2\u4e0e\u4f01\u4e1a\u51b3\u7b56\uff0c\u5728\u51b3\u7b56\u4e2d\u624d\u80fd\u4fdd\u62a4\u52b3\u65b9\u7684\u5e94\u6709\u5229\u76ca\u3002<a href=\"\/#_ftn35\" name=\"_ftnref35\">[35]<\/a>\u4e0d\u5e94\u8be5\u5141\u8bb8\u975e\u4eba\u529b\u8d44\u672c\u6240\u6709\u8005\u5728\u516c\u53f8\u6cbb\u7406\u6cbb\u7406\u4e2d\u65e0\u9650\u5236\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\uff0c\u5e94\u8ba9\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u4e3a\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6743\u5229\u800c\u53c2\u4e0e\u4f01\u4e1a\u8463\u4e8b\u4f1a\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u5236\u5ea6\u52a0\u4ee5\u5236\u5ea6\u5316\u3002\u201c\u534f\u8c03\u4f01\u4e1a\u52b3\u52a8\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u5b9e\u8d28\u5373\u4e3a\u534f\u8c03\u53c2\u4e0e\u4e3b\u4f53\u95f4\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u201d\u3002 <sup>[24]<\/sup>\u4ece\u5236\u5ea6\u4e0a\u4fdd\u969c\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u4e0e\u8d44\u65b9\u7684\u540c\u7b49\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u662f\u751f\u4ea7\u529b\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u4fc3\u8fdb\u751f\u4ea7\u5173\u7cfb\u5728\u5185\u5bb9\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u8c03\u6574\uff0c\u624d\u8ba9\u751f\u4ea7\u5173\u7cfb\u9002\u5e94\u53d1\u5c55\u4e86\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u529b\u3002\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u8d22\u4ea7\u6240\u6709\u6743\u7684\u795e\u5723\u5730\u4f4d\u800c\u5ffd\u89c6\u4eba\u529b\u8d44\u672c\u6240\u6709\u6743\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\uff0c\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u603b\u662f\u5904\u4e8e\u4ece\u5c5e\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u5e94\u5f53\u5728\u751f\u4ea7\u5173\u7cfb\u5185\u5bb9\u4e0a\u505a\u51fa\u8c03\u6574\uff0c\u8981\u5c06\u4eba\u529b\u8d44\u672c\u6240\u6709\u6743\u5217\u5165\u751f\u4ea7\u5173\u7cfb\u8303\u7574\uff0c\u5e76\u7528\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e88\u4ee5\u56fa\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>3.\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u6743\u5229\u53d7\u516c\u6743\u529b\u5e72\u9884<\/p>\n<p>\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u4eba\u6743\u8fd8\u662f\u4eba\u529b\u8d44\u672c\u6240\u6709\u6743\uff0c\u5747\u5c5e\u4e8e\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u6743\u5229\u3002\u8fd9\u7c7b\u6743\u5229\uff0c\u5bb9\u6613\u53d7\u5230\u5e02\u573a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6548\u7387\u7684\u4fb5\u8680\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u7531\u56fd\u5bb6\u51fa\u9762\u5e76\u63d0\u4f9b\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4fdd\u62a4\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u9650\u5236\u751f\u4ea7\u8d44\u6599\u6240\u6709\u6743\u7684\u884c\u4f7f\u6765\u6269\u5c55\u3001\u89e3\u653e\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u6743\u5229\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u4f9d\u6cd5\u5bf9\u975e\u4eba\u529b\u8d44\u672c\u7684\u8d22\u4ea7\u6743\u884c\u4f7f\u8fdb\u884c\u67d0\u4e9b\u4ea7\u6743\u7684\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u4ee5\u963b\u6b62\u6216\u63a7\u5236\u8d44\u672c\u65b9\u7684\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4ea7\u6743\u884c\u4e3a\u4fb5\u5360\u3001\u5265\u593a\u6216\u8005\u538b\u5236\u4eba\u529b\u8d44\u672c\u65b9\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u6743\u5229\uff0c\u4fdd\u969c\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u4eab\u6709\u7684\u76f8\u5e94\u6743\u5229\u5728\u751f\u4ea7\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5f97\u5230\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u8fc7\u53bb\u53ef\u4ee5\u884c\u4f7f\u67d0\u4e9b\u6743\u5229\u73b0\u5728\u4e0d\u80fd\u884c\u4f7f\u4e86\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u5f71\u54cd\u6216\u53d8\u9769\u8d22\u4ea7\u7684\u5f52\u5c5e\u6743\uff0c\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u662f\u5265\u593a\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u8d22\u4ea7\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u4e3a\u5269\u4f59\u4ef7\u503c\u800c\u5ef6\u957f\u5269\u4f59\u52b3\u52a8\u65f6\u95f4\u3001\u8ba9\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u5728\u6709\u98ce\u9669\u7684\u573a\u6240\u5de5\u4f5c\u7b49\u884c\u4e3a\u518d\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u5141\u8bb8\u53d1\u751f\u3002<a href=\"\/#_ftn36\" name=\"_ftnref36\">[36]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u4e3a\u6b64\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u5fc5\u987b\u4ece\u5916\u8fdb\u884c\u5f3a\u5236\u3001\u68c0\u67e5\u548c\u76d1\u7763\uff0c\u7531\u52b3\u52a8\u5173\u7cfb\u53cc\u65b9\u5f53\u4e8b\u4eba\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u6765\u76d1\u7763\u5951\u7ea6\u6267\u884c\u7684\u516c\u6b63\u6027\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u5c06\u4e2a\u4f53\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u5173\u7cfb\u7f6e\u4e8e\u793e\u4f1a\u529b\u91cf\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u8ba9\u79c1\u4eba\u52b3\u52a8\u5408\u540c\u8f6c\u5165\u793e\u4f1a\u5316\u6027\u8d28\u3002<a href=\"\/#_ftn37\" name=\"_ftnref37\">[37]<\/a>\u800c\u52b3\u52a8\u5408\u540c\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5316\uff0c\u662f\u6307\u52b3\u52a8\u5408\u540c\u7684\u8ba2\u7acb\u3001\u5c65\u884c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7b49\u8981\u53d7\u5230\u6765\u81ea\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u5f3a\u5236\u529b\u7684\u7ea6\u675f\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u7ea6\u675f\u8d44\u672c\u65b9\u7684\u8d22\u4ea7\u6743\u884c\u4f7f\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u6210\u4e3a\u793e\u4f1a\u52b3\u52a8\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u7ea6\u675f\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u5305\u62ec\u52b3\u52a8\u5c31\u4e1a\u5173\u7cfb\u3001\u52b3\u52a8\u4e89\u8bae\u5173\u7cfb\u3001\u5b89\u5168\u4e0e\u5065\u5eb7\u5173\u7cfb\u3001\u52b3\u52a8\u884c\u653f\u5173\u7cfb\u7b49\u3002\u793e\u4f1a\u52b3\u52a8\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u7531\u653f\u5e9c\u4ecb\u5165\u548c\u5e72\u9884\u7684\u3001\u5177\u6709\u793e\u4f1a\u653f\u6cbb\u5173\u7cfb\u5185\u6db5\u7684\u5951\u7ea6\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<a href=\"\/#_ftn38\" name=\"_ftnref38\">[38]<\/a>\u7531\u6b64\u53ef\u77e5\uff0c\u52b3\u52a8\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\u5173\u4e8e\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u4eba\u6743\u548c\u4eba\u529b\u8d44\u672c\u6240\u6709\u6743\u7684\u201c\u5b89\u5168\u4e0e\u5065\u5eb7\u5173\u7cfb\u201d\uff0c\u5c5e\u4e8e\u653f\u5e9c\u5e72\u9884\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u56db\u3001\u4f9d\u5e02\u573a\u4e0e\u653f\u5e9c\u5206\u5de5\u6765\u5206\u8fa8\u751f\u4ea7\u5b89\u5168\u4e0e\u52b3\u52a8\u5b89\u5168<\/p>\n<p>\u793e\u4f1a\u5e94\u786e\u4fdd\u518d\u5206\u914d\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u5b9e\u8d28\u6b63\u4e49\uff0c\u5373\u4e0d\u540c\u4e8e\u81ea\u7531\u7ade\u4e89\u9886\u57df\u7684\u7b49\u4ef7\u4ea4\u6362\uff0c\u626c\u5f03\u5f62\u5f0f\u5e73\u7b49\u800c\u9009\u62e9\u5b9e\u8d28\u516c\u6b63\u3002\u4ee5\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u662f\u56fd\u5bb6\u5411\u793e\u4f1a\u56de\u5f52\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u8c03\u6574\uff0c\u662f\u5bf9\u8d2b\u5bcc\u60ac\u6b8a\u3001\u751f\u6001\u5371\u673a\u4ee5\u53ca\u751f\u547d\u5065\u5eb7\u98ce\u9669\u7b49\u91cd\u5927\u793e\u4f1a\u95ee\u9898\u800c\u5b9e\u884c\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u8c03\u63a7\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\u793e\u4f1a\u6cd5\uff0c\u5219\u4ee5\u793e\u4f1a\u95ee\u9898\u4e3a\u672c\u4f4d\u3001\u4ee5\u793e\u4f1a\u516c\u5e73\u4e3a\u76ee\u6807\u3002\u201c\u793e\u4f1a\u6cd5\u7684\u4ea7\u751f\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u5e73\u7b49\u4e0e\u6548\u7387\u4e4b\u95f4\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u5931\u8861\u201d\u3002 <sup>[25]<\/sup>\u4ee5\u52b3\u52a8\u5408\u540c\u4e3a\u4e3b\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u5173\u7cfb\u5f52\u7c7b\u4e8e\u793e\u4f1a\u6cd5\uff0c\u8fd9\u5df2\u5f62\u6210\u5171\u8bc6\u3002\u5728\u73b0\u4ee3\u52b3\u52a8\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u4e3a\u4e86\u6548\u7387\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6027\u4e0e\u4e3a\u4e86\u516c\u5e73\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u4e0d\u53ef\u5206\u5272\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5f52\u4e8e\u793e\u4f1a\u6cd5\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u5173\u7cfb\u5c5e\u793e\u4f1a\u5f3a\u5236\u6cd5\u4e0e\u6c11\u4e8b\u81ea\u7531\u6cd5\u7684\u7ed3\u5408\u4f53\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u300a\u52b3\u52a8\u5408\u540c\u6cd5\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u8c03\u6574\u52b3\u52a8\u5951\u7ea6\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u67d0\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u5272\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u662f\u4ee5\u793e\u4f1a\u5f3a\u5236\u6cd5\u4e3a\u4e3b\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u662f\u4ee5\u5e02\u573a\u81ea\u7531\u6cd5\u4e3a\u4e3b\u3002 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href=\"\/#_ftn39\" 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href=\"\/#_ftn40\" name=\"_ftnref40\">[40]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\uff08\u4e8c\uff09\u4e3a\u4e86\u4eba\u6743\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u5b89\u5168\u5b9e\u884c\u653f\u5e9c\u5f3a\u5236<\/p>\n<p>\u52b3\u52a8\u5b89\u5168\uff0c\u662f\u6307\u4e3a\u4e86\u793e\u4f1a\u516c\u5e73\u76ee\u7684\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u573a\u6240\u5b89\u5168\u3002\u573a\u6240\u662f\u77ff\u5de5\u52b3\u52a8\u7684\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u5b89\u5168\u624d\u80fd\u4fdd\u969c\u77ff\u5de5\u6743\u76ca\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u4e3a\u5730\u4e0b\u5df7\u9053\u5f00\u4e00\u4e2a\u901a\u98ce\u4e95\uff0c\u4fbf\u4e8e\u8fdb\u6c14\u4e0e\u6392\u6c14\u3001\u51cf\u5c11\u7c89\u5c18\u3001\u9632\u6b62\u74e6\u65af\u7206\u70b8\u7b49\uff0c\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4e3a\u4e86\u52b3\u52a8\u5b89\u5168\uff1b\u4e0a\u8ff0\u901a\u5316\u77ff\u4e1a\u96c6\u56e2\u516c\u53f8\u516b\u5b9d\u7164\u4e1a\u516c\u53f8\uff0c\u5728\u8fde\u7eed\u4e09\u6b21\u74e6\u65af\u7206\u70b8\u65f6\u4ecd\u6307\u6325\u77ff\u5de5\u5192\u9669\u4f5c\u4e1a\uff0c\u5c5e\u4e8e\u52b3\u52a8\u5371\u9669\u3002\u52b3\u52a8\u5b89\u5168\uff0c\u6709\u5176\u660e\u786e\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u548c\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u4fdd\u62a4\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u4eba\u6743\u3002\u672c\u6765\u662f\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u5728\u52b3\u52a8\u573a\u6240\u4e0e\u52b3\u52a8\u8d44\u6599\u7ed3\u5408\uff0c\u4f46\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u6240\u6709\u8005\u4e0e\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u7684\u4e0d\u53ef\u5206\u79bb\u6027\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u5177\u6709\u5929\u8d4b\u4eba\u6743\u7684\u516c\u6c11\u4ee5\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u8eab\u4efd\u8fdb\u5165\u4e86\u52b3\u52a8\u573a\u6240\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u5bfc\u81f4\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u4eba\u6743\u4e0e\u8d44\u672c\u6df7\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u3002\u5bf9\u6b64\uff0c\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u66fe\u4e25\u8083\u5730\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u201c\u8d44\u672c\u662f\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u5173\u5fc3\u5de5\u4eba\u7684\u5065\u5eb7\u548c\u5bff\u547d\u7684\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u793e\u4f1a\u8feb\u4f7f\u5b83\u53bb\u5173\u5fc3\u201d\u3002 <sup>[26]<\/sup>\u56e0\u4e3a\u5e02\u573a\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u4fdd\u62a4\u793e\u4f1a\u6743\u5229\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u52b3\u52a8\u573a\u6240\u8425\u9020\u4e00\u4e2a\u4fdd\u62a4\u516c\u6c11\u5929\u8d4b\u4eba\u6743\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u73af\u5883\u3002<a href=\"\/#_ftn41\" name=\"_ftnref41\">[41]<\/a>\u5f53\u5e02\u573a\u91cc\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u793e\u4f1a\uff0c\u53ef\u8feb\u4f7f\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u63d0\u4f9b\u4eba\u6027\u5316\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u5b89\u5168\u573a\u6240\u3002\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u793e\u4f1a\u516c\u5e73\u76ee\u7684\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u57fa\u672c\u4eba\u6743\u7684\u573a\u6240\u5b89\u5168\u4f9b\u7ed9\u662f\u6709\u6210\u672c\u7684\uff0c\u5b66\u8005\u7814\u7a76\u7164\u70ad\u5f00\u91c7\u65f6\u201c\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u767e\u4e07\u5428\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7387\u548c\u5b89\u5168\u6295\u5165\u4e4b\u95f4\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u9ad8\u8d1f\u76f8\u5173\u6027\uff0c\u8868\u660e\u4f01\u4e1a\u5b89\u5168\u751f\u4ea7\u80fd\u529b\u4e0e\u5b89\u5168\u8d39\u7528\u6295\u5165\u4e4b\u95f4\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u9ad8\u76f8\u5173\u6027\u201d\u3002 <sup>[27]<\/sup>\u4e3a\u4e86\u52b3\u52a8\u5b89\u5168\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6709\u6210\u672c\u7684\u6295\u5165\u5374\u6ca1\u6709\u5e02\u573a\u7269\u54c1\u7684\u4ea7\u51fa\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u52b3\u52a8\u5b89\u5168\u5374\u662f\u4ee5\u727a\u7272\u5e02\u573a\u7269\u54c1\u4e3a\u4ee3\u4ef7\u6765\u589e\u52a0\u975e\u5e02\u573a\u7269\u54c1\u7684\u4f9b\u7ed9\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u573a\u6240\u5b89\u5168\u7269\u54c1\u5c5e\u4e0d\u53ef\u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u51c6\u516c\u5171\u7269\u54c1\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e3a\u8d44\u672c\u65b9\u5f62\u6210\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u6536\u76ca\u3002\u7531\u6b64\u53ef\u77e5\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u516c\u5e73\u4e00\u822c\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u6548\u7387\u3002\u56e0\u800c\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u51cf\u635f\u6548\u7387\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u5b89\u5168\u4e0e\u8ffd\u6c42\u6548\u7387\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u5b89\u5168\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u7531\u5e02\u573a\u8c03\u6574\u4e0e\u653f\u5e9c\u7ba1\u5236\u3002\u518d\u6b21\uff0c\u5c5e\u4e8e\u751f\u4ea7\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u8c03\u6574\u8303\u7574\u3002\u63d0\u4f9b\u5b89\u5168\u4e0e\u5065\u5eb7\u573a\u6240\uff0c\u8ba9\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u5728\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u52b3\u52a8\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u5236\u5ea6\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u4ece\u5904\u4e8e\u98ce\u9669\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u5411\u4eab\u53d7\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u6743\u5229\u3002\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u7684\u4eba\u6743\u80fd\u591f\u5f97\u5230\u4fdd\u62a4\uff0c\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u9002\u5e94\u4e86\u751f\u4ea7\u8005\u7684\u9700\u8981\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4f01\u4e1a\u751f\u4ea7\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u8c03\u6574\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5c5e\u4e8e\u751f\u4ea7\u5173\u7cfb\u8c03\u6574\u8303\u56f4\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u5b89\u5168\uff0c\u4e0d\u5f97\u517c\u4efb\u751f\u4ea7\u529b\u8303\u7574\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u5b89\u5168\uff0c\u4e24\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u800c\u4e14\u5fc5\u987b\u5206\u522b\u7acb\u6cd5\u3002\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u5f52\u5165\u793e\u4f1a\u6cd5\u9886\u57df\u3002\u52b3\u52a8\u5b89\u5168\u6240\u4fdd\u62a4\u7684\u662f\u751f\u547d\u3001\u5065\u5eb7\u4ee5\u53ca\u5c0a\u4e25\u7b49\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u6743\u5229\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u5b89\u5168\u7269\u54c1\u4ee5\u6ee1\u8db3\u793e\u4f1a\u6210\u5458\u7684\u751f\u5b58\u548c\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u9700\u8981\uff1b\u7531\u56fd\u5bb6\u5f3a\u5236\u5e72\u9884\u5e76\u9700\u8981\u884c\u4f7f\u8b66\u5bdf\u6743\uff0c\u5176\u5f3a\u5236\u7a0b\u5ea6\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fbe\u5230\u53d6\u4ee3\u8d44\u65b9\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\uff0c\u4f7f\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u8d44\u672c\u81ea\u7531\u53d7\u5230\u7ea6\u675f\uff1b\u5b9e\u884c\u4e25\u683c\u8d23\u4efb\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u7684\u8fc7\u5931\u4e5f\u5e94\u7531\u8d44\u672c\u65b9\u627f\u62c5\u8d23\u4efb\u3002<a href=\"\/#_ftn42\" name=\"_ftnref42\">[42]<\/a>\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u751f\u4ea7\u5b89\u5168\u4e0e\u52b3\u52a8\u5b89\u5168\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4e0d\u540c\u6027\u8d28\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u9886\u57df\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u77ff\u5c71\u804c\u4e1a\u5b89\u5168\u7acb\u6cd5\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u8d85\u8131\u751f\u4ea7\u5b89\u5168\u800c\u9009\u62e9\u52b3\u52a8\u5b89\u5168\u8fdb\u884c\u4e13\u95e8\u89c4\u5b9a\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u6b64\u5fc5\u987b\u5398\u6e05\u4e00\u4e2a\u601d\u8def\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u5904\u7406\u597d\u751f\u4ea7\u5b89\u5168\u4e0e\u52b3\u52a8\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u4e2d\u95f4\u5730\u5e26\u3002\u5c31\u662f\u751f\u4ea7\u5b89\u5168\u4e5f\u8981\u201c\u4fdd\u62a4\u804c\u5de5\u4eba\u8eab\u5b89\u5168\u201d\u6216\u201c\u4fdd\u969c\u4eba\u6c11\u7fa4\u4f17\u201d\u751f\u547d\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4fee\u6539\u540e\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u751f\u4ea7\u6cd5\uff0c\u5728\u5b89\u5168\u65b9\u9488\u4e4b\u4e2d\u62da\u547d\u5730\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u201c\u4ee5\u4eba\u4e3a\u672c\u201d\u7684\u62bd\u8c61\u6027\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u8bf4\u660e\u8fd9\u4e00\u5173\u952e\u8bcd\u771f\u6b63\u786e\u7acb\u4e86\u4eba\u6743\u7406\u5ff5\uff0c\u771f\u6b63\u91cd\u89c6\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u5728\u52b3\u52a8\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u751f\u547d\u5b89\u5168\u4e0e\u8eab\u5fc3\u5065\u5eb7\u3002<a href=\"\/#_ftn43\" name=\"_ftnref43\">[43]<\/a>\u751f\u4ea7\u5b89\u5168\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4e3a\u4e86\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u5fc5\u987b\u4ee5\u4eba\u4e3a\u672c\u3002\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u53d1\u5c55\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u4eba\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u76ee\u7684\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u4e0d\u80fd\u635f\u5bb3\u4eba\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u6743\u5229\uff0c\u8fde\u4eba\u90fd\u4e0d\u8981\u4e86\u5219\u6548\u7387\u4e5f\u4e0a\u4e0d\u6765\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4eba\u4e5f\u662f\u751f\u4ea7\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u8981\u7d20\uff0c\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u4e0e\u751f\u4ea7\u8d44\u6599\u7ed3\u5408\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u4e0e\u751f\u4ea7\u8d44\u6599\u90fd\u5b89\u5168\u624d\u80fd\u591f\u751f\u4ea7\u5b89\u5168\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u4e0d\u5b89\u5168\uff0c\u7531\u6b64\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u6210\u672c\u5fc5\u7136\u5f71\u54cd\u5e02\u573a\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6548\u7387\u3002\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e24\u65b9\u9762\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u751f\u4ea7\u5b89\u5168\u4e0e\u52b3\u52a8\u5b89\u5168\uff0c\u5b58\u5728\u201c\u4fdd\u62a4\u804c\u5de5\u4eba\u8eab\u5b89\u5168\u201d \u7684\u4e2d\u95f4\u5730\u5e26\u3002<a href=\"\/#_ftn44\" name=\"_ftnref44\">[44]<\/a>\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5fc5\u987b\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u4e2d\u95f4\u5730\u5e26\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u6210\u4e3a\u751f\u4ea7\u5b89\u5168\u4e0e\u52b3\u52a8\u5b89\u5168\u5408\u5e76\u7684\u7406\u7531\u3002\u751f\u4ea7\u5b89\u5168\u5173\u6ce8\u751f\u547d\uff0c\u7406\u7531\u662f\u4eba\u8eab\u4f24\u4ea1\u662f\u6210\u672c\uff1b\u52b3\u52a8\u5b89\u5168\u7acb\u6cd5\u7684\u4eba\u8eab\u5b89\u5168\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u624b\u6bb5\u800c\u662f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e3b\u8981\u76ee\u7684\u3002\u4ece\u76ee\u7684\u4e0e\u624b\u6bb5\u65b9\u9762\u53bb\u6f84\u6e05\u4e2d\u95f4\u5730\u5e26\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e2d\u95f4\u5730\u5e26\u800c\u63a9\u76d6\u52b3\u52a8\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u72ec\u7acb\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u53ea\u6709\u7eaf\u7cb9\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u5b89\u5168\u7acb\u6cd5\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u4e0e\u52b3\u52a8\u536b\u751f\u5408\u5e76\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u4eba\u6743\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u536b\u751f\u4e0e\u4e3a\u4e86\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u5b89\u5168\u4e4b\u95f4\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u7ed3\u5408\u8d77\u6765\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u4f46\u52b3\u52a8\u536b\u751f\u4e0e\u52b3\u52a8\u5b89\u5168\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ed3\u5408\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u5206\u5272\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u3002<sup>[28]<\/sup>\u8fd9\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u8282\u7ea6\u7acb\u6cd5\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u66f4\u5728\u4e8e\u5b89\u5168\u4e0e\u5065\u5eb7\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u52b3\u52a8\u5b89\u5168\u4e0e\u536b\u751f\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u6e90\u76f8\u540c\u3001\u9884\u9632\u548c\u5904\u7f6e\u63aa\u65bd\u76f8\u901a\uff0c\u52b3\u52a8\u5b89\u5168\u4e0e\u52b3\u52a8\u536b\u751f\u4e24\u8005\u5728\u5ba2\u89c2\u4e0a\u5f88\u96be\u5206\u5272\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u4e24\u8005\u7ed3\u5408\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u800c\u4e14\u804c\u4e1a\u75c5\u7684\u5371\u5bb3\u540e\u679c\u6bd4\u77ff\u96be\u8981\u4e25\u91cd\u5f97\u591a\u3002\u6211\u56fd\u5c18\u80ba\u53d1\u75c5\u4eba\u6570\u6bcf\u5e74\u65b0\u589e\u75c5\u4f8b2\u4e07\u4eba\u4ee5\u4e0a\uff0c\u201c\u76ee\u524d\uff0c\u5168\u56fd\u5c18\u80ba\u75c5\u62a5\u544a\u4eba\u6570\u5df2\u8d85 72\u4e07\u4eba\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d 62%\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u7164\u70ad\u884c\u4e1a\u8fd9\u4e00\u9ad8\u53d1\u533a\uff0c\u8d85\u8fc7 44 \u4e07\u4eba\u201d\u3002 <sup>[29]<\/sup>\u76ee\u524d\u7684\u300a\u751f\u4ea7\u5b89\u5168\u6cd5\u300b\u4ee5\u53ca\u300a\u77ff\u5c71\u5b89\u5168\u6cd5\u300b\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u7ed3\u5408\u52b3\u52a8\u536b\u751f\uff0c\u800c\u73b0\u884c\u5355\u72ec\u7684\u300a\u804c\u4e1a\u75c5\u9632\u6cd5\u300b\u91cd\u70b9\u5728\u4e8b\u540e\u7684\u201c\u6cbb\u201d\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5f3a\u8c03\u804c\u4e1a\u536b\u751f\u7269\u54c1\u7684\u63d0\u4f9b\u3002<a href=\"\/#_ftn45\" name=\"_ftnref45\">[45]<\/a>\u800c\u4e14\uff0c\u56fd\u9645\u52b3\u5de5\u7ec4\u7ec7\u57281995\u5e74\u7684\u65e5\u5185\u74e6\u4f1a\u8bae\u4e0a\u901a\u8fc7\u4e86\u300a\u77ff\u5c71\u5b89\u5168\u548c\u536b\u751f\u516c\u7ea6\u300b\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u3001\u5357\u975e\u7b49\u77ff\u4e1a\u53d1\u8fbe\u56fd\u5bb6\u5747\u5236\u5b9a\u4e86\u300a\u77ff\u4e1a\u5b89\u5168\u4e0e\u5065\u5eb7\u6cd5\u300b\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u90fd\u662f\u5c06\u52b3\u52a8\u5b89\u5168\u4e0e\u536b\u751f\u7ed3\u5408\u8d77\u6765\u7684\u3002\u4ece\u56fd\u9645\u53d1\u5c55\u8d8b\u52bf\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u77ff\u4e1a\u5065\u5eb7\u4fdd\u62a4\u6cd5\u76ca\u4e0d\u5e94\u4ec5\u5c40\u9650\u4e8e\u8eab\u4f53\u5065\u5eb7\u7684\u5c42\u9762\uff0c\u8fd8\u5e94\u5408\u7406\u62d3\u5c55\u81f3\u5fc3\u7406\u5065\u5eb7\u4e4b\u7cbe\u795e\u6cd5\u76ca\u5c42\u9762\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e94\u3001\u7ed3\u8bed<\/p>\n<p>\u751f\u4ea7\u5b89\u5168\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u6548\u7387\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u4fdd\u62a4\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u751f\u547d\u4e0e\u5065\u5eb7\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u5b89\u5168\uff0c\u65e2\u662f\u65e0\u4ef7\u7684\u4e5f\u662f\u65e0\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u3002\u6309\u7167\u52b3\u52a8\u5173\u7cfb\u4e24\u91cd\u6027\u539f\u7406\uff0c\u4fdd\u62a4\u8d22\u4ea7\u6743\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u5b89\u5168\u4e0e\u4fdd\u62a4\u751f\u547d\u5065\u5eb7\u6743\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u5b89\u5168\uff0c\u5c5e\u4e8e\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u5b9a\u4f4d\u548c\u4ef7\u503c\u53d6\u5411\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u5f52\u7c7b\u4e8e\u751f\u4ea7\u529b\u4e0e\u751f\u4ea7\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u9002\u7528\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u539f\u5219\u3002\u6b32\u5236\u5b9a\u300a\u77ff\u4e1a\u5b89\u5168\u4e0e\u5065\u5eb7\u6cd5\u300b\uff0c\u5c31\u5fc5\u987b\u533a\u522b\u4e24\u79cd\u5b89\u5168\u89c2\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u8ffd\u6c42\u7eaf\u6b63\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u5b89\u5168\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u9632\u6b62\u4ee5\u751f\u4ea7\u5b89\u5168\u6cd5\u6765\u517c\u4efb\u52b3\u52a8\u5b89\u5168\u7acb\u6cd5\u3002\u52b3\u52a8\u5951\u7ea6\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u662f\u751f\u4ea7\u529b\u4e0e\u751f\u4ea7\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u7ed3\u5408\u4f53\u3002\u5728\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5236\u5ea6\u4e0b\uff0c\u5408\u7406\u8c03\u6574\u751f\u4ea7\u5173\u7cfb\u6765\u9002\u5e94\u548c\u6ee1\u8db3\u751f\u4ea7\u529b\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u5728\u52b3\u52a8\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\uff0c\u6539\u53d8\u52b3\u8d44\u53cc\u65b9\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u6765\u6539\u53d8\u4ef7\u503c\u5206\u914d\u6548\u679c\uff0c\u5e76\u529b\u56fe\u4f7f\u8fd9\u79cd\u6539\u53d8\u6cd5\u5236\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4eba\u7684\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u4ece\u4f4e\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u751f\u7406\u9700\u8981\u5411\u9ad8\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u9700\u8981\u548c\u5c0a\u91cd\u9700\u8981\u63d0\u5347\uff0c\u5176\u9700\u8981\u7684\u63d0\u5347\u4f53\u73b0\u4e3a\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u7684\u751f\u5b58\u6743\u76ca\u548c\u53d1\u5c55\u6743\u76ca\u3002\u91cd\u89c6\u793e\u4f1a\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u573a\u6240\u5b89\u5168\u4e0e\u5065\u5eb7\u4fdd\u62a4\uff0c\u5207\u5b9e\u5730\u4fdd\u969c\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u5728\u9ad8\u5c42\u6b21\u4e0a\u7684\u9700\u8981\u3002\u52b3\u52a8\u5b89\u5168\u7acb\u6cd5\u5c5e\u751f\u4ea7\u5173\u7cfb\u8c03\u6574\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f46\u8981\u628a\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u5f53\u6210\u751f\u4ea7\u8981\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd8\u8981\u5c06\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u6240\u6709\u8005\u5f53\u6210\u9996\u8981\u5229\u76ca\u76f8\u5173\u8005\u3002\u5728\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8fc5\u901f\u53d1\u5c55\u4ee5\u53ca\u793e\u4f1a\u8f6c\u578b\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\uff0c\u5e94\u6709\u6761\u4ef6\u5730\u6784\u5efa\u4e00\u79cd\u4eba\u6027\u5316\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u6743\u76ca\u4fdd\u969c\u5236\u5ea6\u548c\u65b0\u578b\u52b3\u52a8\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u4e3a\u6b64\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u4ece\u5236\u5ea6\u4e0a\u8282\u5236\u8d44\u672c\u65b9\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u6743\u5229\uff0c\u9632\u6b62\u8d44\u672c\u8fd0\u884c\u4e2d\u5c06\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u6743\u5229\u7eb3\u5165\u5176\u589e\u6b96\u7684\u94fe\u6761\u4e0a\uff0c\u628a\u6743\u529b\u5173\u8fdb\u7b3c\u5b50\u65f6\u6709\u4eba\u63d0\u51fa\u201c\u8981\u80fd\u591f\u628a\u8d44\u672c\u5173\u8fdb\u7b3c\u5b50\u91cc\u201d\u7684\u4e3b\u5f20\u3002<sup>[30]<\/sup>\u53ea\u6709\u7ea6\u675f\u8d44\u672c\uff0c\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u7684\u6743\u5229\u624d\u80fd\u5f97\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u5c06\u52b3\u52a8\u5173\u7cfb\u4e24\u91cd\u6027\u79f0\u4e3a\u539f\u7406\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u5927\u91cf\u89c2\u5bdf\u3001\u5b9e\u8df5\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c\u7ecf\u8fc7<a href=\"http:\/\/baike.baidu.com\/view\/391647.htm\">\u5f52\u7eb3<\/a>\u3001\u6982\u62ec\u800c\u5f97\u51fa\u6765\u7684\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u8ba4\u4e3a\u52b3\u52a8\u5173\u7cfb\u4e24\u91cd\u6027\u5206\u6790\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u4e2d\u5177\u6709\u666e\u904d\u610f\u4e49\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u591a\u884c\u4e1a\u5b66\u8005\u7684\u7ee7\u7eed\u5f00\u53d1\u3002\u4eca\u5929\u7528\u6765\u8fa8\u6790\u548c\u754c\u5b9a\u751f\u4ea7\u5b89\u5168\u4e0e\u52b3\u52a8\u5b89\u5168\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4e3a\u7acb\u6cd5\u4e2d\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u5b89\u5168\u6446\u8131\u751f\u4ea7\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u675f\u7f1a\u63d0\u4f9b\u5de5\u5177\u6027\u4ef7\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>[1]\u5468\u94f8.\u300a\u77ff\u5c71\u5b89\u5168\u6cd5\u300b\u5c06\u88ab\u4fee\u8ba2\u4e3a\u201c\u77ff\u5c71\u804c\u4e1a\u5b89\u5168\u5065\u5eb7\u6cd5\u201d[N].\u4e2d\u56fd\u77ff\u4e1a\u62a5\uff0c2015-4-23.<\/p>\n<p>[2]\u859b\u751f\u5168.\u6211\u56fd\u77ff\u5c71\u5b89\u5168\u751f\u4ea7\u6cd5\u5f8b\u89c4\u5236\u7684\u5b8c\u5584\u63a2\u6790[J].\u7406\u8bba\u754c\uff0c2013\uff0c(11).<\/p>\n<p>[3] \u90ac\u71d5\u4e91.\u300a\u77ff\u5c71\u5b89\u5168\u6cd5\u300b\u4fee\u8ba2\u7684\u539f\u5219\u4e0e\u95ee\u9898[J].\u52b3\u52a8\u4fdd\u62a4\uff0c2013\uff0c(5).<\/p>\n<p>[4] \u674e\u6653\u5a1f\uff0c\u6817\u7ee7\u7956\u7b49.\u300a\u5b89\u5168\u751f\u4ea7\u6cd5\u300b\uff082014\u5e74\u4fee\u8ba2\uff09\u4e0e\u7164\u77ff\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u751f\u4ea7\u7ba1\u7406[J].\u4e2d\u56fd\u7164\u70ad\uff0c2015\uff0c(4).<\/p>\n<p>[5] \u5218\u745e\u6ce2\uff0c\u5d14\u4fca\u9999.\u6d45\u6790\u5b89\u5168\u751f\u4ea7\u6cd5\u7684\u4eae\u70b9\u4e0e\u7455\u75b5[J].\u5929\u6d25\u5e02\u5de5\u4f1a\u7ba1\u7406\u5e72\u90e8\u5b66\u9662\u5b66\u62a5\uff0c2015\uff0c(2).<\/p>\n<p>[6] \u5218\u8d85\u6377\uff0c\u674e\u660e\u971e\u65b0.\u300a\u5b89\u5168\u751f\u4ea7\u6cd5\u300b\u7acb\u6cd5\u76ee\u7684\u8bc4\u6790[J].\u5b66\u6d77\uff0c2014\uff0c(5).<\/p>\n<p>[7] \u4efb\u56fd\u53cb.\u4e2d\u7f8e\u804c\u4e1a\u5b89\u5168\u5065\u5eb7\u6cd5\u5bf9\u6bd4[J].\u4e2d\u56fd\u5b89\u5168\u79d1\u5b66\u5b66\u62a5\uff0c2009\uff0c(7).<\/p>\n<p>[8] \u5f20\u7f8e\u73b2.\u4e2d\u7f8e\u77ff\u5c71\u5b89\u5168\u6cd5\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u6bd4\u8f83[J].\u91cd\u5e86\u79d1\u6280\u5b66\u9662\u5b66\u62a5\uff0c2008\uff0c(11).<\/p>\n<p>[9] \u5170\u7fa4\u8db3.\u300a\u5b89\u5168\u751f\u4ea7\u6cd5\u300b\u4fee\u540e\u611f[J].\u52b3\u52a8\u4fdd\u62a4\uff0c2014\uff0c(10).<\/p>\n<p>[10] \u6768\u91d1\u4e2d.\u6cd5\u6cbb\u4f53\u7cfb\u5efa\u8bbe\u89c2\u5ff5\u66f4\u65b0\u5c06\u8fce\u6765\u65b0\u9ad8\u6f6e[J].\u5409\u6797\u52b3\u52a8\u4fdd\u62a4\uff0c2014\uff0c(11).<\/p>\n<p>[11] \u6c5f\u6c38\u4f17\uff0c\u7a0b\u5b8f\u4f1f.\u52b3\u52a8\u5173\u7cfb\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u591a\u5b66\u79d1\u6bd4\u8f83[J].\u5b66\u672f\u7814\u7a76\uff0c2012\uff0c(5).<\/p>\n<p>[12] \u9a6c\u514b\u601d.\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u6069\u683c\u65af\u5168\u96c6(\u7b2c26\u5377\u7b2c3\u518c) [M].\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u4eba\u6c11\u51fa\u7248\u793e\u51fa\u7248\uff0c1972\uff1a159.<\/p>\n<p>[13] \u674e\u5fd7\u7965.\u4ece\u751f\u4ea7\u5173\u7cfb\u6279\u5224\u5230\u751f\u4ea7\u529b\u6279\u5224[J].\u5f53\u4ee3\u4e16\u754c\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c2014\uff0c(5).<\/p>\n<p>[14] \u9a6c\u514b\u601d.\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u6069\u683c\u65af\u5168\u96c6(\u7b2c3\u5377) [M].\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u4eba\u6c11\u51fa\u7248\u793e\u51fa\u7248\uff0c1995\uff1a143\u9875.<\/p>\n<p>[15] \u9a6c\u514b\u601d.\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u6069\u683c\u65af\u5168\u96c6\uff08\u7b2c45\u5377\uff09[M].\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u4eba\u6c11\u51fa\u7248\u793e\u51fa\u7248\uff0c2003\uff1a44.<\/p>\n<p>[16] \u5218\u51e4\u4e49.\u52b3\u52a8\u5173\u7cfb\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u7684\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u4e49\u5206\u6790\u6846\u67b6[J].\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u4e49\u7814\u7a76\uff0c2012\uff0c(9).<\/p>\n<p>[17] \u738b\u5168\u5174\uff0c\u8c22\u5929\u957f.\u6211\u56fd\u52b3\u52a8\u5173\u7cfb\u534f\u8c03\u673a\u5236\u6574\u4f53\u63a8\u8fdb\u8bba\u7eb2[J].\u6cd5\u5546\u7814\u7a76\uff0c2012\uff0c(3).<\/p>\n<p>[18] \u738b\u4e49\u5fe0.\u63a2\u7a76\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u529b\u4e0e\u751f\u4ea7\u5173\u7cfb\u53ca\u5176\u4ef7\u503c[J].\u9752\u6d77\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\uff0c 2014\uff0c(2).<\/p>\n<p>[19]\uff08\u82f1\uff09\u91cc\u683c\u6bd4.\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e0e\u5386\u53f2\u5b66[M].\u5434 \u82f1\u8bd1. \u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u8bd1\u6797\u51fa\u7248\u793e\u51fa\u7248\uff0c2012\uff1a178.<\/p>\n<p>[20] \u767d\u56fd\u5112.\u751f\u4ea7\u529b\u3001\u751f\u4ea7\u5173\u7cfb\u77db\u76fe\u8fd0\u52a8\u89c4\u5f8b\u65b0\u63a2[J].\u7ecf\u6d4e\u95ee\u9898\uff0c2015\uff0c(6).<\/p>\n<p>[21] \u90d1\u5c1a\u5143.\u52b3\u52a8\u5408\u540c\u6cd5\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u4e0e\u7406\u5ff5[M].\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u6cd5\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e\u51fa\u7248\uff0c2008\uff1a 441.<\/p>\n<p>[22] \u9a6c\u514b\u601d.\u8d44\u672c\u8bba(\u7b2c1\u5377\u4e0a) [M].\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u4eba\u6c11\u51fa\u7248\u793e\u51fa\u7248\uff0c1975\uff1a190.<\/p>\n<p>[23] \u5f6d \u6770.\u8bba\u6211\u56fd\u52b3\u52a8\u7acb\u6cd5\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u4e0e\u5b9e\u8df5[J].\u4e2d\u56fd\u52b3\u52a8\u5173\u7cfb\u5b66\u9662\u5b66\u62a5\uff0c2014\uff0c(4).<\/p>\n<p>[24] \u674e\u826f\u667a\uff0c\u5468\u633a.\u57fa\u4e8e\u5229\u76ca\u76f8\u5173\u8005\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u4f01\u4e1a\u52b3\u52a8\u5173\u7cfb\u534f\u8c03\u673a\u5236\u7814\u7a76[J].\u8d22\u7ecf\u7406\u8bba\u4e0e\u5b9e\u8df5\uff0c2012\uff0c(6).<\/p>\n<p>[25] \u5415\u4e16\u4f26\uff0c\u9a6c\u91d1\u82b3.\u793e\u4f1a\u6cd5\u7684\u51e0\u4e2a\u57fa\u672c\u7406\u8bba\u95ee\u9898\u7814\u7a76[J].\u5317\u65b9\u6cd5\u5b66\uff0c2007\uff0c(6).<\/p>\n<p>[26] \u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u8d44\u672c\u8bba\u300b(\u7b2c1\u5377) [M].\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u4eba\u6c11\u51fa\u7248\u793e\u51fa\u7248\uff0c2004\uff1a311.<\/p>\n<p>[27] \u5f20\u6587\u82b9\uff0c\u8463\u6d2a\u5149.\u6dee\u5357\u77ff\u4e1a\u96c6\u56e2\u5b89\u5168\u6295\u5165\u4e0e\u5b89\u5168\u751f\u4ea7\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u7814\u7a76[J].\u5b89\u5fbd\u7406\u5de5\u5927\u5b66\u5b66\u62a5\uff0c2015\uff0c(3).<\/p>\n<p>[28] \u5eb7\u7eaa\u7530.\u521b\u5efa\u77ff\u4e1a\u5b89\u5168\u536b\u751f\u6cd5 \u4fdd\u62a4\u77ff\u5de5\u751f\u547d\u5065\u5eb7\u6743[J].\u4e2d\u56fd\u5b89\u5168\u79d1\u5b66\u5b66\u62a5\uff0c2010\uff0c(1).<\/p>\n<p>[29] \u5f20\u53f8\u5357.\u5168\u56fd\u5c18\u80ba\u75c5\u62a5\u544a\u4eba\u6570\u5df2\u8d85 72 \u4e07\u8d85\u516d\u6210\u96c6\u4e2d\u7164\u70ad\u884c\u4e1a[J].\u5b89\u5168\u4e0e\u5065\u5eb7\uff0c2015\uff0c(3).<\/p>\n<p>[30] \u674e\u5f6c\u5f6c.\u5efa\u8bbe\u751f\u6001\u6587\u660e\u5e94\u6ce8\u91cd\u8981\u7d20\u4e4b\u95f4\u826f\u6027\u4e92\u52a8[N].\u5b66\u4e60\u65f6\u62a5\uff0c2015-10-5.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Distinguishing Between Production Safety and Occupational Safety by the Duality of Labor Relations<\/p>\n<p>Kang Jitian<\/p>\n<p>(Hunan Loudi Administration Institute, Loudi, Hunan, 417000)<\/p>\n<p><strong>Abstract:<\/strong> Mining Safety and Health Act shall be formulated by giving the priority to the purpose and direction of safety legislation. Research shall not be ended with the labor value theory, but explore the principle of duality of labor relations: the labor relations mainly established by contracts are the combination of the economic relations between human and nature and the social relations between human and human resulting therefrom. Based on the principle of duality, the boundary between production safety and labor safety can be identified. The economic efficiency-oriented production safety belongs to the productivity spectrum and thus shall be disposed by the market; while the social equity-oriented labor safety belongs to the spectrum of productive relations and thus shall be enforced by the government. In order to ensure the labor safety&#8211;the basic human right of workers, the mining safety legislation shall not be combined or overlapped with the production safety, but must be brought out together with the labor health.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Key words:<\/strong> labor relations; mining safety; production safety; labor safety;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u4f5c\u8005\u7b80\u4ecb\uff1a\u5eb7\u7eaa\u7530\uff0c\u7537\uff0c1957\u5e74\u751f\uff0c\u6e56\u5357\u65b0\u5316\u4eba\uff0c\u6e56\u5357\u5a04\u5e95\u884c\u653f\u5b66\u9662\u6cd5\u5b66\u6559\u6388\uff0c\u4e3b\u4ece\u77ff\u4ea7\u8d44\u6e90\u6cd5\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u5730\u5740\uff1a\u6e56\u5357\u5a04\u5e95\u5e02\u5a04\u661f\u533a\u957f\u9752\u4e2d\u885766\u53f7\uff1b\u7535\u8bdd\uff1a13907388091\uff1b\u90ae\u7bb1\uff1a<a href=\"mailto:Kjt8091@163.com\">Kjt8091@163.com<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"\/#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\">[\u2460]<\/a> \u300a\u77ff\u4e1a\u5b89\u5168\u4e0e\u5065\u5eb7\u6cd5\u300b\u53d6\u5411\u804c\u4e1a\u5b89\u5168\uff0c\u5176\u7acb\u6cd5\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u77ff\u4e1a\u5de5\u4eba\u7684\u751f\u547d\u5b89\u5168\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8fd8\u8981\u4ece\u6574\u4f53\u4e0a\u4fdd\u62a4\u5de5\u4eba\u7684\u8eab\u5fc3\u5065\u5eb7\u3002\u73b0\u884c\u300a\u77ff\u5c71\u5b89\u5168\u6cd5\u300b\u4ee5\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6548\u7387\u4e3a\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u53d6\u5411\u4e3a\u4e86\u751f\u4ea7\u5b89\u5168\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u4e0e\u77ff\u5de5\u5065\u5eb7\u4fdd\u62a4\u7ed3\u5408\u3002\u4e24\u8005\u7684\u7acb\u6cd5\u76ee\u7684\u548c\u6240\u5c5e\u6cd5\u57df\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\uff0c\u6b63\u56e0\u4e3a\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u624d\u5f15\u8d77\u7acb\u6cd5\u601d\u8003\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"\/#_ftnref2\" name=\"_ftn2\">[\u2461]<\/a>\u56fd\u9645\u52b3\u5de5\u7ec4\u7ec7\u53ca\u53d1\u8fbe\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u662f\u5148\u5236\u5b9a\u300a\u804c\u4e1a\u5b89\u5168\u4e0e\u5065\u5eb7\u6cd5\u300b\u518d\u5236\u5b9a\u300a\u77ff\u4e1a\u5b89\u5168\u4e0e\u5065\u5eb7\u6cd5\u300b\u30021970\u5e74\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e13\u95e8\u5236\u5b9a\u4e86\u300a\u804c\u4e1a\u5b89\u5168\u4e0e\u5065\u5eb7\u6cd5\u300b\uff0c\u5728\u6b64\u6709\u5173\u804c\u4e1a\u5b89\u5168\u4e0e\u5065\u5eb7\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6846\u67b6\u4e0b\uff0c\u5c061966\u5e74\u5236\u5b9a\u7684\u300a\u91d1\u5c5e\u548c\u975e\u91d1\u5c5e\u5b89\u5168\u6cd5\u300b\u548c1969\u5e74\u5236\u5b9a\u7684\u300a\u7164\u77ff\u5b89\u5168\u4e0e\u5065\u5eb7\u6cd5\u300b\u5408\u5e76\uff0c\u4e8e1977\u5e74\u5236\u5b9a\u4e86\u300a\u77ff\u4e1a\u5b89\u5168\u4e0e\u5065\u5eb7\u6cd5\u300b\uff0c\u5e76\u91c7\u7528\u4e86\u5171\u8ba18.5\u4e07\u5b57\u7684\u6210\u6587\u6cd5\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"\/#_ftnref3\" name=\"_ftn3\">[\u2462]<\/a>\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u542f\u52a8\u7b2c\u4e8c\u9636\u6bb5\u4fee\u8ba2\u300a\u77ff\u5c71\u5b89\u5168\u6cd5\u300b\uff0c\u5c31\u5728\u4e8e\u4ee5\u300a\u77ff\u5c71\u5b89\u5168\u6cd5\u300b\u505a\u4e3a\u7ec6\u5316\u65b0\u300a\u5b89\u5168\u751f\u4ea7\u6cd5\u300b\u7684\u7279\u522b\u6cd5\u30022015\u5e744\u670822\u65e5\uff0c\u56fd\u65b0\u529e\u5c31\u300a\u56fd\u52a1\u9662\u529e\u516c\u5385\u5173\u4e8e\u52a0\u5f3a\u5b89\u5168\u751f\u4ea7\u76d1\u7ba1\u6267\u6cd5\u7684\u901a\u77e5\u300b\u6709\u5173\u60c5\u51b5\u4e3e\u884c\u53d1\u5e03\u4f1a\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u5b89\u5168\u76d1\u7ba1\u603b\u5c40\u526f\u5c40\u957f\u6768\u5143\u5143\u5728\u4f1a\u4e0a\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u7ec6\u5316\u300a\u5b89\u5168\u751f\u4ea7\u6cd5\u300b\u800c\u9996\u5148\u5c06\u300a\u77ff\u5c71\u5b89\u5168\u6cd5\u300b\u4fee\u6539\u6210\u4e3a\u300a\u77ff\u5c71\u804c\u4e1a\u5b89\u5168\u5065\u5eb7\u6cd5\u300b\u3002\u95ee\u9898\u5728\u4e8e\u300a\u5b89\u5168\u751f\u4ea7\u6cd5\u300b\u4fee\u8ba2\u672c\u8eab\uff0c\u59cb\u7ec8\u6ca1\u6709\u660e\u786e\u4fdd\u62a4\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u7684\u89c4\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"\/#_ftnref4\" name=\"_ftn4\">[\u2463]<\/a>\u7acb\u6cd5\u8005\u5bf9\u8be5\u6761\u7684\u7acb\u6cd5\u76ee\u7684\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u6ce8\u89e3\uff0c\u66f4\u52a0\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e86\u7acb\u6cd5\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6027\u76ee\u7684\uff1a\u201c\u5b89\u5168\u751f\u4ea7\u662f\u5b89\u5168\u4e0e\u751f\u4ea7\u7684\u7edf\u4e00\uff0c\u5176\u5b97\u65e8\u662f\u5b89\u5168\u4fc3\u751f\u4ea7\uff0c\u751f\u4ea7\u5fc5\u987b\u5b89\u5168\u201d\u3001\u201c\u751f\u4ea7\u5fc5\u987b\u5b89\u5168\uff0c\u5219\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b89\u5168\u662f\u751f\u4ea7\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u5b89\u5168\u5c31\u65e0\u6cd5\u751f\u4ea7\u201d\u3002\u4ece\u7acb\u6cd5\u5230\u5b66\u7406\u89e3\u91ca\uff1a\u4e3a\u4e86\u751f\u4ea7\u3002\u53c2\u89c1\u817e\u709c\u4e3b\u7f16\u7684\u300a\u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u5b89\u5168\u751f\u4ea7\u6cd5\u89e3\u8bfb\u300b\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u6cd5\u5236\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2015\u5e74\u7248\u7b2c4\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"\/#_ftnref5\" name=\"_ftn5\">[\u2464]<\/a>\u5728\u5236\u5b9a\u300a\u52b3\u52a8\u5408\u540c\u6cd5\u300b\u65f6\uff0c\u4eba\u529b\u8d44\u672c\u65b9\u505a\u4e3a\u5408\u540c\u4e3b\u4f53\u7684\u754c\u5b9a\u5df2\u7ecf\u6e05\u695a\u4e86\u3002\u5b89\u5168\u751f\u4ea7\u7acb\u6cd5\u4ecd\u4f7f\u7528\u201c\u4eba\u6c11\u7fa4\u4f17\u201d\u8fd9\u4e00\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u53ea\u662f\u7acb\u6cd5\u6280\u672f\u4e0a\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4eba\u6c11\u4e0e\u7fa4\u4f17\uff0c\u4e24\u8005\u90fd\u592a\u62bd\u8c61\u3001\u592a\u653f\u6cbb\u5316\u4e86\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u4fdd\u62a4\u5bf9\u8c61\u548c\u8303\u56f4\u8f83\u4e3a\u6a21\u7cca\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u63d0\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u5728\u4e8e\u9632\u6b62\u5f71\u54cd\u5230\u300a\u77ff\u5c71\u5b89\u5168\u4e0e\u5065\u5eb7\u6cd5\u300b\uff0c\u5728\u4e8e\u533a\u522b\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6743\u5229\u4e0e\u653f\u6cbb\u6743\u5229\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"\/#_ftnref6\" name=\"_ftn6\">[\u2465]<\/a> \u300a\u77ff\u4e1a\u5b89\u5168\u4e0e\u5065\u5eb7\u6cd5\u300b\u5fc5\u987b\u5c06\u52b3\u52a8\u5b89\u5168\u4e0e\u536b\u751f\u8fdb\u884c\u5408\u5e76\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u52b3\u52a8\u5b89\u5168\u4e0e\u536b\u751f\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u6e90\u76f8\u540c\u3001\u9884\u9632\u548c\u5904\u7f6e\u63aa\u65bd\u76f8\u901a\uff0c\u52b3\u52a8\u5b89\u5168\u4e0e\u52b3\u52a8\u536b\u751f\u4e24\u8005\u5728\u5ba2\u89c2\u4e0a\u5f88\u96be\u5206\u5272\u3002\u5728\u52b3\u52a8\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u906d\u53d7\u804c\u4e1a\u98ce\u9669\u6bd4\u5b89\u5168\u5371\u5bb3\u7684\u540e\u679c\u66f4\u4e25\u91cd\u3001\u635f\u5bb3\u66f4\u666e\u904d\u3002\u804c\u4e1a\u5b89\u5168\u4e0e\u536b\u751f\u7acb\u6cd5\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6574\u4f53\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u8981\u9632\u6b62\u5b89\u5168\u4e8b\u6545\uff0c\u66f4\u8981\u9884\u9632\u804c\u4e1a\u5371\u5bb3\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u4fdd\u62a4\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u7684\u5065\u5eb7\u6743\u76ca\u3002\u5355\u72ec\u5236\u5b9a\u7684\u300a\u804c\u4e1a\u75c5\u9632\u6cbb\u6cd5\u300b\uff0c\u65e2\u9650\u4e8e\u6cd5\u5b9a\u7684\u201c\u75c5\u201d\u53c8\u9650\u4e8e\u4e8b\u540e\u7684\u201c\u6cbb\u201d\uff0c\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u4fdd\u62a4\u573a\u6240\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u7684\u8eab\u5fc3\u5065\u5eb7\u3002\u300a\u804c\u4e1a\u75c5\u9632\u6cbb\u6cd5\u300b\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u4fdd\u969c\u5de5\u4eba\u7684\u4f53\u9762\u52b3\u52a8\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"\/#_ftnref7\" name=\"_ftn7\">[\u2466]<\/a>\u4ece\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u8bb2\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6548\u7387\u7684\u8d22\u4ea7\u4fdd\u62a4\uff0c\u5fc5\u5b9a\u8003\u8651\u6295\u5165\u4e0e\u4ea7\u51fa\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6210\u672c\u662f\u5173\u952e\uff1b\u4f46\u751f\u547d\u4e0e\u5065\u5eb7\u5219\u662f\u65e0\u4ef7\u7684\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u7528\u6295\u5165\u4ea7\u51fa\u7684\u6210\u672c\u8fdb\u884c\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u4eba\u6743\u5e94\u5ffd\u89c6\u6210\u672c\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u4fdd\u62a4\u8d22\u4ea7\u5b89\u5168\u4e0e\u4fdd\u62a4\u751f\u547d\u5b89\u5168\u662f\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u5206\u522b\u9002\u7528\u4e24\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u7406\u5ff5\uff0c\u4e24\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u89c4\u5219\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"\/#_ftnref8\" name=\"_ftn8\">[\u2467]<\/a>\u5fc5\u987b\u91cd\u89c6\u624b\u6bb5\u4e0e\u76ee\u7684\u7684\u533a\u522b\u3002\u5f80\u5f80\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u7acb\u6cd5\u6761\u6587\u4e2d\u6709\u201c\u4fdd\u62a4\u77ff\u5c71\u804c\u5de5\u4eba\u8eab\u5b89\u5168\u201d\u7684\u5d4c\u5165\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u6709\u4fdd\u62a4\u751f\u547d\u7684\u4e13\u6761\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u5c31\u7ed3\u8bba\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8be5\u6cd5\u662f\u4fdd\u62a4\u4eba\u6743\u516c\u5e73\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u6cd5\u3002\u6216\u8005\u5728\u7acb\u6cd5\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u201c\u5b89\u5168\u201d\u7684\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u5c31\u6b64\u7ed3\u8bba\u4e3a\u4fdd\u62a4\u4eba\u6743\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\uff0c\u5ffd\u89c6\u4e86\u751f\u4ea7\u4e5f\u5fc5\u987b\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"\/#_ftnref9\" name=\"_ftn9\">[\u2468]<\/a> \u201c\u751f\u4ea7\u5b89\u5168\u201d\u6216\u8005\u201c\u5b89\u5168\u751f\u4ea7\u201d\u4e24\u6982\u5ff5\u8fd1\u4f3c\uff0c\u201c\u52b3\u52a8\u5b89\u5168\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u804c\u4e1a\u5b89\u5168\u201d\u6216\u201c\u5de5\u4f5c\u573a\u6240\u5b89\u5168\u201d\u7b49\u4e5f\u5c5e\u4e8e\u6db5\u4e49\u57fa\u672c\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u6545\u5728\u672c\u6587\u5f88\u5c11\u53bb\u533a\u522b\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"\/#_ftnref10\" name=\"_ftn10\">[\u2469]<\/a>\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6548\u7387\u4e0e\u516c\u5e73\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u5e73\u8861\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u53d1\u5c55\u5230\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\u65f6\u624d\u80fd\u6709\u673a\u4f1a\u63d0\u51fa\u6765\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u7ecf\u6d4e\u589e\u957f\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u201c\u6548\u7387\u4f18\u5148\u201d\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c\u5219\u5f88\u96be\u4e0b\u51b3\u5fc3\u53bb\u601d\u8003\u201c\u52b3\u52a8\u5b89\u5168\u201d\u7684\u7acb\u6cd5\u4ef7\u503c\u3002\u4ee5\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\u662f\u56fd\u9645\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u901a\u5e38\u73b0\u8c61\u3002\u4e16\u754c\u8d22\u4ea7\u6743\u4e0e\u4eba\u6743\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u95ee\u9898\u8d70\u8fc7\u4e86\u6d78\u957f\u7684\u8def\u7a0b\uff0c\u8d22\u4ea7\u6240\u6709\u6743\u201c\u795e\u5723\u201d\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u4eba\u6743\u53ea\u662f\u8d22\u4ea7\u6240\u6709\u6743\u9644\u5c5e\u6743\u5229\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u591a\u6570\u53d1\u8fbe\u56fd\u5bb6\u5230\u4e0a\u4e16\u7eaa70\u5e74\u4ee3\u540e\u671f\uff0c\u624d\u5236\u5b9a\u4e86\u201c\u52b3\u52a8\u5b89\u5168\u201d\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u300a\u804c\u4e1a\u5b89\u5168\u4e0e\u5065\u5eb7\u6cd5\u300b\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd 1970 \u5e74\u9881\u5e03\u300a\u804c\u4e1a\u5b89\u5168\u4e0e\u5065\u5eb7\u6cd5\u300b\uff0c1977 \u5e74\u9881\u5e03\u300a\u77ff\u5c71\u5b89\u5168\u4e0e\u5065\u5eb7\u6cd5\u300b\uff1b\u5357\u975e1993\u5e74\u9881\u5e03\u5b9e\u65bd\u4e86\u300a\u804c\u4e1a\u5065\u5eb7\u4e0e\u5b89\u5168\u6cd5\u300b\uff0c\u5357\u975e1996\u5e74\u300a\u77ff\u5c71\u5065\u5eb7\u4e0e\u5b89\u5168\u6cd5 \u300b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"\/#_ftnref11\" name=\"_ftn11\">[11]<\/a>\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u52b3\u52a8\u4ef7\u503c\u8bba\u4f5c\u4e3a\u653f\u6cbb\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u7684\u57fa\u77f3\uff0c\u53d1\u5c55\u6210\u4e3a\u4e3b\u6d41\u793e\u4f1a\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5bf9\u52b3\u52a8\u7684\u60c5\u611f\u4e0e\u6001\u5ea6\u662f\u5224\u65ad\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\u7684\u7acb\u573a\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6807\u5fd7\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u5224\u65ad\u9762\u4e34\u7740\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u52b3\u52a8\u4e0e\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u52b3\u52a8\u7684\u533a\u522b\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u5728\u4e8e\u5bf9\u201c\u5269\u4f59\u4ef7\u503c\u201d\u548c\u201c\u8d85\u989d\u5229\u6da6\u201d\u7684\u8ffd\u6c42\u65b9\u9762\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"\/#_ftnref12\" name=\"_ftn12\">[12]<\/a>\u53c2\u89c1\u674e\u5efa\u5e73\uff1a\u300a&lt;&lt;\/SPAN&gt;\u8d44\u672c\u8bba&gt; \u62bd\u8c61\u5f62\u6001\u52b3\u52a8\u4ef7\u503c\u8bba\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5185\u5bb9\u63a2\u7d22\u300b\uff0c\u8f7d\u300a\u798f\u5efa\u5e08\u8303\u5927\u5b66\u5b66\u62a5\u300b2015\u5e74\u7b2c5\u671f\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"\/#_ftnref13\" name=\"_ftn13\">[13]<\/a>\u4e00\u822c\u5c06\u4e3a\u8d44\u672c\u5bb6\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u79f0\u4e3a\u96c7\u4f63\u52b3\u52a8\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u96c7\u4e3b\u5904\u4e8e\u652f\u914d\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u8d44\u672c\u5265\u524a\u96c7\u4f63\u52b3\u52a8\uff0c\u96c7\u4f63\u52b3\u52a8\u53d7\u8d44\u672c\u5265\u524a\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"\/#_ftnref14\" name=\"_ftn14\">[14]<\/a>\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u52a0\u5feb\u8d44\u672c\u5468\u8f6c\u901f\u5ea6\uff0c\u5c31\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u5ef6\u957f\u5de5\u4eba\u52b3\u52a8\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u63d0\u9ad8\u52b3\u52a8\u5f3a\u5ea6\uff1b\u8282\u7ea6\u4e0d\u53d8\u8d44\u672c\uff0c\u5c31\u610f\u5473\u7740\u751f\u4ea7\u4e2d\u8282\u7ea6\u4e86\u7528\u4e8e\u96c7\u5458\u52b3\u52a8\u5b89\u5168\u5065\u5eb7\u4fdd\u62a4\u7684\u6295\u5165\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8d44\u672c\u5728\u5269\u4f59\u52b3\u52a8\u7684\u8ffd\u6c42\u4e2d,\u90fd\u662f\u4ee5\u727a\u7272\u96c7\u5458\u5229\u76ca\u4e3a\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"\/#_ftnref15\" name=\"_ftn15\">[15]<\/a>\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u53cd\u65b9\u5411\u201d\uff0c\u662f\u6307\u52b3\u52a8\u5f02\u5316\u7684\u9006\u884c\u3002\u52b3\u52a8\u5f02\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b\u662f\u5269\u4f59\u52b3\u52a8\u65f6\u95f4\u5ef6\u957f\uff0c\u800c\u76f8\u5e94\u5730\u7f29\u5c0f\u5fc5\u8981\u52b3\u52a8\u65f6\u95f4\uff1b\u6539\u53d8\u52b3\u52a8\u5f02\u5316\uff0c\u5219\u53cd\u8fc7\u6765\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u7f29\u77ed\u5269\u4f59\u52b3\u52a8\u65f6\u95f4\u800c\u8ba9\u8d44\u672c\u65b9\u76f8\u5bf9\u51cf\u5c11\u5269\u4f59\u4ef7\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"\/#_ftnref16\" name=\"_ftn16\">[16]<\/a>\u81ea\u51ef\u6069\u65af\u4e3b\u4e49\u65f6\u4ee3\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u653f\u6743\u5e72\u9884\u8f83\u5927\u3002\u4e00\u76f4\u4ee5\u6765\u6307\u671b\u7f29\u77ed\u5269\u4f59\u52b3\u52a8\uff0c\u5728\u96c7\u4e3b\u4e0e\u96c7\u5458\u53cc\u65b9\u53ef\u627f\u53d7\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u8c03\u6574\u8d44\u672c\u5265\u524a\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b64\u6784\u5efa\u548c\u8c10\u7684\u96c7\u4f63\u52b3\u52a8\u4e0e\u8d44\u672c\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u6539\u53d8\u6536\u5165\u60ac\u6b8a\u7684\u5dee\u8ddd\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"\/#_ftnref17\" name=\"_ftn17\">[17]<\/a>\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u4e3b\u6d41\u793e\u4f1a\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u975e\u5e38\u660e\u786e\uff0c\u5728\u4e8e\u6539\u53d8\u9020\u6210\u52b3\u52a8\u5f02\u5316\u7684\u9636\u7ea7\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u52b3\u52a8\u624d\u80fd\u6210\u4e3a\u771f\u6b63\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4eba\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u5bf9\u5f02\u5316\u52b3\u52a8\u7684\u626c\u5f03\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u4eba\u5bf9\u4eba\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u7684\u771f\u6b63\u5360\u6709\u548c\u5e94\u5f53\u5360\u6709\u3002\u5b66\u8005\u63d0\u51fa\u5c06\u201c\u5269\u4f59\u4ef7\u503c\u201d\u548c\u201c\u8d85\u989d\u5229\u6da6\u201d\u8f6c\u53d8\u4e3a\u6ee1\u8db3\u4eba\u6c11\u7fa4\u4f17\u5404\u79cd\u5065\u5eb7\u9700\u8981\u7684\u8ffd\u6c42\uff0c\u4e3a\u6ee1\u8db3\u6c11\u4f17\u65e5\u76ca\u589e\u957f\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u4ee5\u53ca\u6587\u5316\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u9700\u8981\u670d\u52a1\u3002\u7531\u5269\u4f59\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u5230\u5269\u4f59\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u8f6c\u53d8\u6216\u6d88\u5931\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5b9e\u8d28\u5c31\u662f\u201c\u4ef7\u503c\u5206\u914d\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"\/#_ftnref18\" name=\"_ftn18\">[18]<\/a>\u53c2\u89c1\u738b\u4e49\u5fe0\uff1a\u300a\u63a2\u7a76\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u529b\u4e0e\u751f\u4ea7\u5173\u7cfb\u53ca\u5176\u4ef7\u503c\u300b\uff0c\u8f7d\u300a\u9752\u6d77\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u300b2014\u5e74\u7b2c2\u671f\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"\/#_ftnref19\" name=\"_ftn19\">[19]<\/a>\u751f\u4ea7\u8d44\u6599\u5f52\u8d44\u65b9\u6240\u6709\u4e0e\u751f\u4ea7\u8d44\u6599\u6240\u6709\u5236\u6709\u6839\u672c\u533a\u522b\uff0c\u524d\u8005\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5f52\u5c5e\u6743\u7684\u660e\u786e\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u662f\u660e\u786e\u5f52\u5c5e\u6743\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5236\u5ea6\u3002\u751f\u4ea7\u8d44\u6599\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5f62\u6001\u4e2d\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u751f\u4ea7\u8d44\u6599\u6240\u6709\u5236\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u751f\u4ea7\u8d44\u6599\u548c\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u7684\u7ed3\u5408\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u751f\u4ea7\u8d44\u6599\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5386\u53f2\u6027\u7684\u8303\u7574\uff0c\u5728\u6587\u5316\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u9636\u6bb5\u5b83\u5305\u542b\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"\/#_ftnref20\" name=\"_ftn20\">[20]<\/a>\u52b3\u52a8\u5408\u540c\u4e0e\u52b3\u52a8\u5951\u7ea6\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4e24\u8005\u5e94\u8be5\u4e25\u683c\u533a\u522b\uff1a\u524d\u8005\u662f\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u4e2a\u6027\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u662f\u666e\u904d\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u5728\u5b66\u672f\u754c\uff0c\u5c06\u52b3\u52a8\u5173\u7cfb\u5206\u4e3a\u72ed\u4e49\u4e0e\u5e7f\u4e49\uff0c\u5b9e\u8d28\u5c31\u662f\u52b3\u52a8\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u4e0e\u666e\u904d\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u72ed\u4e49\u4e0e\u5e7f\u4e49\u4e4b\u5206\uff0c\u4e0d\u4fbf\u4e8e\u5408\u540c\u7684\u5206\u6790\u3002\u52b3\u52a8\u5951\u7ea6\u5173\u7cfb\u662f\u666e\u904d\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u52b3\u52a8\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u52b3\u52a8\u5173\u7cfb\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u5e38\u7528\u672f\u8bed\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u52b3\u8d44\u5173\u7cfb\u3001 \u96c7\u4f63\u5173\u7cfb\u3001 \u5458\u5de5\u5173\u7cfb\u548c\u4ea7\u4e1a\u5173\u7cfb\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"\/#_ftnref21\" name=\"_ftn21\">[21]<\/a>\u65b0\u53e4\u5178\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5173\u4e8e\u52b3\u52a8\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u7f3a\u5c11\u4f26\u7406\u9053\u5fb7\u4e0e\u4eba\u6027\u5316\u7684\u5173\u6000\u3002\u56e0\u800c\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u65f6\u770b\u4e0d\u5230\u52b3\u52a8\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u653e\u5927\u4e86\u52b3\u52a8\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6027\u3002\u73b0\u4ee3\u5de5\u4e1a\u793e\u4f1a\u8ba4\u4e3a\u52b3\u52a8\u5173\u7cfb\u7814\u7a76\u9886\u57df\u4e0d\u80fd\u4ec5\u505c\u7559\u4e8e\u7ecf\u9a8c\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u6574\u5408\u6027\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6\u62bd\u8c61\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e2a\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u3001\u51dd\u805a\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\uff0c\u66f4\u52a0\u6ce8\u91cd\u4eba\u7684\u5173\u6000\u548c\u5c0a\u4e25\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"\/#_ftnref22\" name=\"_ftn22\">[22]<\/a>\u666e\u901a\u5951\u7ea6\u6216\u5408\u540c\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6c11\u4e8b\u6743\u5229\u4e49\u52a1\u7684\u8d22\u4ea7\u6027\u5951\u7ea6\u3001\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5168\u6027\u4f01\u4e1a\u5951\u7ea6\u7b49\uff0c\u5747\u662f\u5355\u4e00\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6027\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u5c5e\u6c11\u4e8b\u8303\u7574\u3002\u5f3a\u8c03\u8fd9\u79cd\u7eaf\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6027\uff0c\u5728\u4e8e\u7a81\u51fa\u5951\u7ea6\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"\/#_ftnref23\" name=\"_ftn23\">[23]<\/a>\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6027\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4ee5\u7ed9\u4ed8\u52b3\u52a8\u4e3a\u7279\u70b9\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u7ed9\u4ed8\u52b3\u52a8\uff0c\u662f\u6307\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u6309\u7ea6\u5b9a\u51fa\u8ba9\u6216\u51fa\u5356\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\uff0c\u7528\u5de5\u65b9\u4f9d\u7ea6\u652f\u4ed8\u4f5c\u4e3a\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u4ef7\u683c\u7684\u5de5\u8d44\u3002\u4ece\u7ed9\u4ed8\u52b3\u52a8\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51fa\uff0c\u7ed9\u4ed8\u52b3\u52a8\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5408\u540c\u503a\u7684\u6807\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u5177\u6709\u4e86\u503a\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"\/#_ftnref24\" name=\"_ftn24\">[24]<\/a>\u5b66\u672f\u754c\u901a\u5e38\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u4ed8\u51fa\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\uff0c\u662f\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u7684\u8111\u3001\u795e\u7ecf\u3001\u808c\u8089\u3001\u611f\u5b98\u3001\u5c0a\u4e25\u548c\u7cbe\u795e\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u8017\u8d39\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u804c\u4e1a\u52b3\u52a8\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u4eba\u8eab\u6027\u3002\u95ee\u9898\u5728\u4e8e\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u4ec5\u4ee5\u8fd9\u4e00\u7279\u70b9\u6765\u8bf4\u660e\u52b3\u52a8\u5408\u540c\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u5fc5\u7136\u7f3a\u4e4f\u8bf4\u670d\u529b\u3002\u53c2\u89c1\u90d1\u5c1a\u5143\uff1a\u300a\u52b3\u52a1\u6d3e\u9063\u7528\u5de5\u7ba1\u5236\u4e0e\u653e\u677e\u4e4b\u5e73\u8861\u300b\uff0c\u8f7d\u300a\u6cd5\u5b66\u300b2014\u5e74\u7b2c7\u671f\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"\/#_ftnref25\" name=\"_ftn25\">[25]<\/a>\u5b66\u672f\u754c\u4e89\u8bae\u52b3\u52a8\u5408\u540c\u6807\u7684\u662f\u52b3\u52a8\u8fd8\u662f\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\uff0c\u539f\u56e0\u5c31\u5728\u4e8e\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u8f7d\u4f53\u3002\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u4e0e\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u7684\u4e0d\u53ef\u5206\u79bb\u6027\uff0c\u5219\u80fd\u660e\u786e\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u8f7d\u5165\u5e02\u573a\u7684\u662f\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u52b3\u52a8\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u56e0\u800c\u53ef\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u660e\u6670\u52b3\u52a8\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u7279\u5f81\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"\/#_ftnref26\" name=\"_ftn26\">[26]<\/a>\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e0d\u53ef\u5206\u5272\u6027\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u6e90\u4e8e\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u4e0e\u52b3\u52a8\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u4e0d\u53ef\u5206\u79bb\u6027\uff0c\u662f\u52b3\u52a8\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u53cc\u91cd\u6027\u539f\u7406\u7684\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u662f\u7814\u7a76\u52b3\u52a8\u6cd5\u793e\u4f1a\u5c5e\u6027\u7684\u4f9d\u636e\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u5206\u754c\u653f\u5e9c\u5e72\u9884\u4e0e\u5e02\u573a\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u4f20\u7edf\u52b3\u52a8\u5173\u7cfb\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u957f\u671f\u5ffd\u89c6\u201c\u4e0d\u53ef\u5206\u5272\u6027\u201d\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\uff0c\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u4eba\u6743\u4e0e\u52b3\u52a8\u6743\u76ca\u672a\u80fd\u533a\u5206\uff0c\u76f8\u5173\u8bf8\u591a\u95ee\u9898\u53ea\u80fd\u7b3c\u7edf\u5730\u3001\u6a21\u7cca\u5730\u8fdb\u884c\u9610\u8ff0\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"\/#_ftnref27\" name=\"_ftn27\">[27]<\/a>\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u4ece\u54f2\u5b66\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u7b49\u591a\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u9610\u8ff0\u8fc7\u751f\u4ea7\u529b\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u201c\u81ea\u7136\u751f\u4ea7\u529b\u201d\u3001\u201c\u571f\u5730\u751f\u4ea7\u529b\u201d\u3001\u201c\u52b3\u52a8\u751f\u4ea7\u529b\u201d\u3001\u201c\u52b3\u52a8\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u80fd\u529b\u201d\u7b49\uff0c\u9610\u8ff0\u6700\u591a\u7684\u662f\u201c\u52b3\u52a8\u751f\u4ea7\u529b\u201d\u3002 \u53c2\u89c1\u5170 \u73b2\uff1a\u300a\u4ece\u751f\u4ea7\u529b\u3001\u751f\u4ea7\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u4e8c\u91cd\u6027\u770b\u4e8c\u8005\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u300b\uff0c\u8f7d\u300a\u751f\u4ea7\u529b\u7814\u7a76\u300b2015\u5e74\u7b2c5\u671f\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"\/#_ftnref28\" name=\"_ftn28\">[28]<\/a>\u751f\u4ea7\u529b\u4e0e\u751f\u4ea7\u5173\u7cfb\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u201c\u4eba\u4e0e\u7269\u201d\u4ee5\u53ca\u201c\u4eba\u4e0e\u4eba\u201d\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4e24\u8005\u7d27\u5bc6\u76f8\u8054\u3001\u4e92\u76f8\u4f9d\u5b58\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u5bf9\u7acb\u7684\u7edf\u4e00\u4e2d\u53d1\u5c55\u53d8\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"\/#_ftnref29\" name=\"_ftn29\">[29]<\/a>\u4e00\u822c\u662f\u5c06\u52b3\u52a8\u5173\u7cfb\u7b3c\u7edf\u5730\u7f6e\u4e8e\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e4b\u4e0b\u800c\u8ba9\u516c\u6cd5\u4e0e\u79c1\u6cd5\u5171\u540c\u8c03\u6574\uff0c\u5e76\u7b3c\u7edf\u5730\u8ba4\u4e3a\u52b3\u52a8\u5408\u540c\u662f\u5e26\u6709\u5f3a\u70c8\u516c\u6743\u8272\u5f69\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u6a21\u7cca\u5730\u8ba4\u4e3a\u516c\u6743\u529b\u4e3b\u52a8\u5e72\u9884\u96c7\u4f63\u5951\u7ea6\u5c65\u884c\u7684\u5951\u7ea6\u793e\u4f1a\u5316\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u516c\u6cd5\u4e0e\u79c1\u6cd5\u5404\u81ea\u8c03\u6574\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u548c\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7b49\u5747\u672a\u80fd\u5206\u754c\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u5fc5\u7136\u6210\u4e3a\u4f17\u591a\u4eba\u4e89\u8bae\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u56e0\u800c\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u5f00\u53d1\u52b3\u52a8\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u4e24\u91cd\u6027\u539f\u7406\uff0c\u5e76\u5206\u522b\u7f6e\u4e8e\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e4b\u4e0b\u624d\u80fd\u754c\u5206\u516c\u6cd5\u4e0e\u79c1\u6cd5\u7684\u8c03\u6574\u8303\u56f4\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"\/#_ftnref30\" name=\"_ftn30\">[30]<\/a>\u5951\u7ea6\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u5951\u7ea6\u5f53\u4e8b\u4eba\u6709\u9009\u62e9\u4ea4\u6613\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u3001\u662f\u5426\u8ba2\u7acb\u5951\u7ea6\u7684\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u534f\u8bae\u89c4\u5b9a\u5951\u7ea6\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u53d8\u66f4\u5951\u7ea6\u3001\u89e3\u9664\u5951\u7ea6\u4e43\u81f3\u89e3\u91ca\u5951\u7ea6\u7684\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u6210\u7acb\u540e\u7684\u5951\u7ea6\u6392\u9664\u548c\u62d2\u7edd\u516c\u5171\u6743\u529b\u7684\u5e72\u9884\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"\/#_ftnref31\" name=\"_ftn31\">[31]<\/a>\u73b0\u4ee3\u52b3\u52a8\u6cd5\uff0c\u4ece\u672c\u8d28\u6765\u8bf4\u662f\u7ef4\u62a4\u5f31\u8005\u6743\u76ca\uff0c\u662f\u5728\u5f3a\u52bf\u4f01\u4e1a\u548c\u5f31\u52bf\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u8fdb\u884c\u6743\u5229\u4e0e\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u5e73\u8861\u3002\u4f01\u4e1a\u548c\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u4efd\u91cf\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u65f6\u671f\u5747\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4f46\u56fd\u5bb6\u6ce8\u76ee\u7684\u4fa7\u91cd\u70b9\u59cb\u7ec8\u7ea6\u675f\u8d22\u4ea7\u6743\u800c\u504f\u5411\u4e8e\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u4e00\u65b9\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u56fd\u5bb6\u6027\u8d28\u7684\u6839\u672c\u8981\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"\/#_ftnref32\" name=\"_ftn32\">[32]<\/a>\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e13\u95e8\u4fdd\u62a4\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u5341\u5206\u660e\u786e\uff0c\u5373\u9632\u6b62\u4eba\u6743\u4ea4\u6613\u6216\u4ee5\u4ef7\u683c\u8d2d\u4e70\uff0c\u66f4\u52a0\u7981\u6b62\u8d44\u672c\u65b9\u5c06\u5929\u8d4b\u7684\u4eba\u6743\u8f6c\u5316\u6210\u8d44\u672c\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u6269\u5927\u5269\u4f59\u52b3\u52a8\u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u4eba\u4eec\u5e38\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5e26\u8840\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u589e\u957f\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"\/#_ftnref33\" name=\"_ftn33\">[33]<\/a>\u5b66\u672f\u754c\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u5e72\u9884\u7f18\u4e8e\u529b\u91cf\u5bf9\u6bd4\u60ac\u6b8a\uff1a\u52b3\u52a8\u5408\u540c\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u8d44\u672c\u7684\u7a00\u7f3a\u6027\u548c\u5f3a\u52bf\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u5de5\u4eba\u4e0e\u8d44\u672c\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u5448\u73b0\u201c\u4ece\u5c5e\u5173\u7cfb\u201d\uff1b\u4ece\u53cc\u65b9\u529b\u91cf\u4e0a\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5fc5\u7136\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u96be\u4ee5\u5bf9\u7b49\u7684\u4ece\u5c5e\u6027\u5951\u7ea6\uff0c\u4ece\u8ba2\u7acb\u5f00\u59cb\u5230\u5b9e\u65bd\uff0c\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u59cb\u7ec8\u5904\u4e8e\u4e00\u79cd\u4ece\u5c5e\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u9002\u7528\u6c11\u6cd5\u539f\u5219\u770b\u4f3c\u5e73\u7b49\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u4ee5\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\u4e3a\u524d\u63d0\u7684\u3002\u56e0\u800c\u8981\u6709\u53cc\u65b9\u5f53\u4e8b\u4eba\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u6765\u76d1\u7763\u5951\u7ea6\u7684\u516c\u5e73\u6027\u3002\u5b9e\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u8bef\u89e3\uff0c\u4ece\u5c5e\u6027\u5951\u7ea6\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u4ecd\u5c5e\u5e02\u573a\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u7ba1\u5236\u7684\u7406\u7531\u5728\u4e8e\u4eba\u6743\u4fdd\u62a4\u4e0e\u8d22\u4ea7\u6743\u4fdd\u62a4\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"\/#_ftnref34\" name=\"_ftn34\">[34]<\/a>\u5229\u76ca\u76f8\u5173\u8005\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u7814\u7a76\u5df2\u76f8\u5f53\u4e30\u5bcc\u3002\u8be5\u7406\u8bba\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f01\u4e1a\u4e2d,\u5fc5\u7136\u79bb\u4e0d\u5f00\u80a1\u4e1c\u3001\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u548c\u5458\u5de5\u8fd9\u4e09\u7c7b\u4eba\u5458,\u4ed6\u4eec\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4f01\u4e1a\u7ecf\u8425\u8fd0\u4f5c\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005,\u5176\u5229\u5bb3\u5173\u7cfb\u5fc5\u7136\u4e0e\u4f01\u4e1a\u7d27\u5bc6\u76f8\u5173\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u5982\u4f55,\u4ed6\u4eec\u90fd\u5e94\u8be5\u88ab\u89c6\u4f5c\u4f01\u4e1a\u9996\u8981\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u76f8\u5173\u8005\u3002\u4f01\u4e1a\u5e94\u662f\u5229\u76ca\u76f8\u5173\u8005\u7684\u4f01\u4e1a,\u5305\u62ec\u80a1\u4e1c\u5728\u5185\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5229\u76ca\u76f8\u5173\u8005\u90fd\u5bf9\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u751f\u5b58\u548c\u53d1\u5c55\u6ce8\u5165\u4e86\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u4e13\u7528\u6027\u6295\u8d44,\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u5206\u62c5\u4e86\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u4e00\u5b9a\u7ecf\u8425\u98ce\u9669,\u6216\u662f\u4e3a\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u7ecf\u8425\u6d3b\u52a8\u4ed8\u51fa\u4e86\u4ee3\u4ef7,\u56e0\u800c\u90fd\u5e94\u8be5\u62e5\u6709\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6743\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"\/#_ftnref35\" name=\"_ftn35\">[35]<\/a>\u5229\u76ca\u76f8\u5173\u8005\u7406\u8bba\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u662f\u80a1\u4e1c\u3001\u5458\u5de5\u7b49\u5229\u76ca\u76f8\u5173\u8005\u76f8\u4e92\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u8054\u7ed3\uff0c\u4f01\u4e1a\u51b3\u7b56\u5e94\u7efc\u5408\u534f\u8c03\u5404\u5229\u76ca\u76f8\u5173\u8005\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u91cd\u89c6\u5229\u76ca\u76f8\u5173\u8005\u7684\u5171\u540c\u6cbb\u7406\u3001\u957f\u671f\u5408\u4f5c\u3001\u6709\u6548\u5236\u8861\u548c\u5171\u4eab\u6210\u679c\u7b49\u3002\u5173\u4e8e\u6743\u5229\u8005\u7684\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u6210\u4e3a\u5f53\u4e8b\u4eba\u548c\u53c2\u4e0e\u4eba\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u771f\u6b63\u5173\u5fc3\u81ea\u5df1\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"\/#_ftnref36\" name=\"_ftn36\">[36]<\/a>\u518d\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u8fd1\u4ee3\u5927\u5de5\u4e1a\u7684\u5174\u8d77\uff0c\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u8fd9\u4e00\u65b9\u7531\u4e8e\u8d44\u672c\u7f3a\u4e4f\u3001\u4fe1\u606f\u4e0d\u5bf9\u79f0\u3001\u5229\u76ca\u9700\u6c42\u6269\u5927\u3001\u8c08\u5224\u80fd\u529b\u8f83\u4f4e\u7b49\u56e0\u7d20\u7684\u5236\u7ea6\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0e\u96c7\u4e3b\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u8fbe\u5230\u5b9e\u8d28\u4e0a\u7684\u5e73\u7b49\uff0c\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u7684\u5f31\u52bf\u5730\u4f4d\u6210\u4e3a\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u653f\u5e9c\u516c\u8ba4\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\u3002\u8fd9\u5e94\u5f53\u901a\u8fc7\u653f\u5e9c\u5e72\u9884\u6765\u63d0\u9ad8\u5f31\u52bf\u8005\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u548c\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"\/#_ftnref37\" name=\"_ftn37\">[37]<\/a>\u52b3\u52a8\u5408\u540c\u793e\u4f1a\u5316\uff0c\u8fd1\u5e74\u88ab\u5b66\u8005\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u793e\u4f1a\u52b3\u52a8\u5173\u7cfb\u201d\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u662f\u6307\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3001\u96c7\u4e3b\u548c\u653f\u5e9c\u4e4b\u95f4\u4e09\u65b9\u5171\u540c\u6784\u6210\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u52b3\u52a8\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"\/#_ftnref38\" name=\"_ftn38\">[38]<\/a>\u52b3\u52a8\u5408\u540c\u6cd5\u7684\u8c03\u6574\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u4e8e\u6c11\u6cd5\u7684\u4e3b\u4f53\u610f\u601d\u81ea\u6cbb\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u884c\u653f\u6307\u4ee4\u7684\u5355\u5411\u6027\u7ba1\u7406\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u56fd\u5bb6\u529b\u91cf\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u529b\u91cf\u3001\u8d44\u672c\u529b\u91cf\u5171\u540c\u53d1\u6325\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u653f\u5e9c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u4e00\u65b9\u4e3b\u4f53\uff0c\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u65f6\u671f\u548c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\uff0c\u53d1\u6325\u7740\u4e3b\u5bfc\u3001\u8f85\u52a9\u6216\u8005\u534f\u8c03\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"\/#_ftnref39\" name=\"_ftn39\">[39]<\/a>\u8fd9\u6b21\u4e8b\u6545\u662f\u751f\u4ea7\u5b89\u5168\u4e0e\u52b3\u52a8\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u51b2\u7a81\u3002\u53c2\u7167\u8d75\u5e86\u8dc3\uff1a\u300a\u5c61\u8d8a\u201c\u7ea2\u7ebf\u201d\u8fde\u917f\u60e8\u5267\u300b\uff0c\u8f7d\u300a\u5409\u6797\u52b3\u52a8\u4fdd\u62a4\u300b2013\u5e74\u7b2c8\u671f\uff0c\u7b2c37-39\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"\/#_ftnref40\" name=\"_ftn40\">[40]<\/a>\u5fc5\u987b\u660e\u786e\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u9000\u51fa\u5c40\u9650\u4e8e\u4fc3\u8fdb\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u5b89\u5168\u3002\u5173\u7cfb\u201c\u4eba\u6c11\u7fa4\u4f17\u201d\u751f\u547d\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5b89\u5168\u5fc5\u987b\u7531\u653f\u5e9c\u7ba1\u5236\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u6c7d\u8f66\u4e0d\u80fd\u8d85\u901f\u8d85\u8f7d\u7684\u9053\u8def\u5b89\u5168\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u5206\u7c7b\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u8ba9\u653f\u5e9c\u5408\u7406\u653e\u6743\u548c\u4e25\u683c\u7ba1\u5236\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"\/#_ftnref41\" name=\"_ftn41\">[41]<\/a>\u8fd9\u662f\u533a\u522b\u751f\u4ea7\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u5173\u952e\u3002\u751f\u4ea7\u5b89\u5168\uff0c\u5c5e\u4e8e\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u5e02\u573a\u91cc\u7684\u5e02\u573a\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u4e0d\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u642d\u754c\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u8bb2\u6c42\u6548\u7387\u3002\u52b3\u52a8\u5b89\u5168\uff0c\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4fdd\u62a4\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u6743\u5229\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u5c06\u201c\u793e\u4f1a\u201d\u5efa\u5728\u5e02\u573a\u624d\u80fd\u4fdd\u62a4\u793e\u4f1a\u6743\u5229\u3002\u5e02\u573a\u6ca1\u6709\u4fdd\u62a4\u793e\u4f1a\u6743\u5229\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u5e02\u573a\u4e2d\u5efa\u7acb\u793e\u4f1a\uff0c\u552f\u5176\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u8bb2\u6c42\u516c\u5e73\u3002\u5bf9\u6b64\uff0c\u6709\u5f85\u6df1\u5165\u7814\u7a76\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"\/#_ftnref42\" 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[&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":12622,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[28],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-9927","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-wiki"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/start.shehuifa.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9927","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/start.shehuifa.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/start.shehuifa.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/start.shehuifa.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/start.shehuifa.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=9927"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/start.shehuifa.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9927\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/start.shehuifa.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/12622"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/start.shehuifa.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=9927"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/start.shehuifa.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=9927"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/start.shehuifa.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=9927"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}